• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2013

Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation induces the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are responsible for the degradation or synthesis inhibition of collagenous extracellular matrix in connective tissues, causing skin photoaging. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of MMP-1 expression of yam extract in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$)-stimulated human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) cell and preventive effect of UVB-induced damage in hairless mice skin. The synthesis of procollagen and the release of MMP-1 in HDFn cells were measured by EIA kit and MMP-1 assay kit, respectively. UVB radiation was applied to the backs of the mice three times a week for 8 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups, and were topical application with the Dioscorea batatas (DB, 6%) or vehicle. Reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$-induced procollagen synthesis was increased by DB (50 ug/ml), which was higher than positive control group (TGF-${\beta}$). Also, pre-treatment of HDFn cells with DB inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced release of MMP-1. In vivo study, we found that preventive effect of DB against UV-induced epidermal thickness. DB suppressed the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 induced by UVB irradiation. Our results show that DB have preventive effect of UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2023

Nypa fruticans Wurmb (N. fruticans) is a plant that belongs to Araceae and N. fruticans is mainly found in tropical mangrove systems. The parts (leaves, stems, and roots) of N. fruticans are traditionally used for asthma, sore throat, and liver disease. N. fruticans contains flavonoids and polyphenols, which are substances that have inhibitory effects on cancer and oxidant. In previous studies, some pharmaceutical effects of N. fruticans on melanogenesis and inflammation have been reported. The present study is conducted to investigate the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of N. fruticans (ENF) on oxidative DNA damage and UVB-induced DNA damage. DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is important in research on cancer, apoptosis, and so on. DDR pathways are considered a crucial factor affecting the alleviation of cellular damage. ENF could reduce oxidative DNA damage derived from reactive oxygen species by the Fenton reaction. Also, ENF reduced the intensity of intracellular ROS in the live cell image by DCFDA assay. UVB is known to cause skin and cellular damage, then finally contribute to causing the formation of tumors. As for the strategies of reducing DNA damage by UVB, inhibition of p53, H2AX, and Chk2 can be important indexes to protect the human body from DNA damage. As a result of confirming the protective effect of ENF for UVB damage, MMPs significantly decreased, and the expression of apoptosis-related factors tended to decrease. In conclusion, ENF can provide protective effects against double-stranded DNA break (DSB) caused by oxidative DNA damage and UVB-induced DNA damage. These results are considered to be closely related to the protective effect against radicals based on catechin, epicatechin, and isoquercitrin contained in ENF. Based on these results, it is thought that additional mechanism studies for inhibiting cell damage are needed.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 2024

Background: Studies have reported that the combination of two or more therapeutic compounds at certain ratios has more noticeable pharmaceutical properties than single compounds and requires reduced dosage of each agent. Red ginseng and velvet antler have been extensively used in boosting immunity and physical strength and preventing diseases. Thus, this study was conducted to elucidate the skin-protective potentials of red ginseng extract (RGE) and velvet antler extract (VAE) alone or in combination on ultraviolet (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocytes and SKH-1 hairless mice. Methods: HaCaT cells were preincubated with RGE/VAE alone or in combination for 2 h before UVB (30 mJ/cm²) irradiation. SKH-1 mice were orally given RGE/VAE alone or in combination for 15 days before exposure to single dose of UVB (600 mJ/cm²). Treated cells and treated skin tissues were collected and subjected to subsequent experiments. Results: RGE/VAE pretreatment alone or in combination significantly prevented UVB-induced cell death, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA damage in keratinocytes and SKH-1 mouse skins by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1/nuclear factor kappa B and caspase signaling pathways. These extracts also strengthened the antioxidant defense systems and skin barriers in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and SKH-1 mouse skins. Furthermore, RGE/VAE co-administration appeared to be more effective in preventing UVB-caused skin injury than these extracts used alone. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the consumption of RGE/VAE, especially in combination, offers a protective ability against UVB-caused skin injury by preventing inflammation and apoptosis and enhancing antioxidant capacity.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

Objective : In this paper, we investigated the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of palmul-tang (PMT) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). Method : To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of PMT, we measured scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of PMT. To give an oxidative stress to HaCaT cells, UVB was irradiated with $40mJ/cm^2$ to HaCaT cells. To detect the protective effects of PMT against UVB, we measured cell viability, apoptotic bodies and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : PMT showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also PMT showed high reducing values. The UVB-induced oxidative conditions led to the cell apoptosis. However, treatment with PMT reduced oxidative stress conditions, including inhibition of cell apoptosis and expression of ROS. Conclusion : PMT had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. PMT would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.146-149
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• 2002

Oxidative stress evoked hy Ultraviolet (UV) exposure has been suggested to be involved in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. In this study, the role of oxidative stress in UV-carcinogenesis was evaluated by applying N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in animal model of hairless-mouse. NAC is known to be a precursor of glutathione, which was converted to glutathione in cytoplasm, acting as an intracellular free radical scavenger. The glutathione levels in hairless mouse skin after one time application of NAC increased significantly. With and without the pre-treatment of NAC, hairless-mice were exposed to UVB three times a week, at total dose 274.4 kJ in 80 times, and the timing of tumor-development, incidence of skin tumor and the histopathology of tumors were observed. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-0HdG), a typical form of oxidative damage in DNA has been also investigated in the course of experiment. The decrease of 8-0HdG formation of UVB- exposed skin compared to controls was observed in the early stage of experiment in the NAC-treated mice. In addition, initial tumor development delayed significantly in NAC-treated group. Finally the number of the tumor developed in the NAC-treated mice was fewer though not significant. These results suggest that antioxidants may have inhibitory effect in the initial step of UVB-induced carcinogenesis of hairless mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.616-622
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• 2016

Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one) is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis. This study evaluated the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Baicalein absorbed light within the wavelength range of UVB. In addition, baicalein decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to UVB radiation. Baicalein protected cells against UVB radiation-induced DNA breaks, 8-isoprostane generation and protein modification in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, baicalein suppressed the apoptotic cell death by UVB radiation. These findings suggest that baicalein protected HaCaT cells against UVB radiation-induced cell damage and apoptosis by absorbing UVB radiation and scavenging ROS.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.475-484
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• 2015

In this paper, we studied the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of Gagam-Danguieumja(GDE) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of GDE, we measured scavenging activities on DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of GDE. To detect the protective effects of GDE against UVB, we irradiated with 40 mJ/㎠`s UVB to HaCaT cells then we measured reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation, apoptotic bodies and cell viability using DCFH-DA assay, Hoechst 33342 staining and MTT assay. GDE showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also GDE showed high reducing values. GDE reduced oxidative stress conditions by inhibition of ROS expression. Also the cell apoptosis by UVB-induced oxidative conditions was decreased by GDE treatment. These results could suggest that GDE had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. GDE would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2016

Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E (MVE) is designed to accumulate within mitochondria and is applied to decrease mitochondrial oxidative damage. However, the protective effects of MVE in skin cells have not been identified. We investigated the protective effect of MVE against UVB in dermal fibroblasts and immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). In addition, we studied the wound-healing effect of MVE in animal models. We found that MVE increased the proliferation and survival of fibroblasts at low concentration (i.e., nM ranges). In addition, MVE increased collagen production and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase1. MVE also increased the proliferation and survival of HaCaT cells. UVB increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in fibroblasts and HaCaT cells, while MVE decreased ROS production at low concentration. In an animal experiment, MVE accelerated wound healing from laser-induced skin damage. These results collectively suggest that low dose MVE protects skin from UVB irradiation. Therefore, MVE can be developed as a cosmetic raw material.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. RA exerted a significant cytoprotective effect by scavenging intracellular ROS induced by UVB. RA also attenuated UVB-induced oxidative macromolecular damage, including protein carbonyl content, DNA strand breaks, and the level of 8-isoprostane. Furthermore, RA increased the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and their transcription factor Nrf2, which are decreased by UVB radiation. Collectively, these data indicate that RA can provide substantial cytoprotection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating cellular antioxidant systems, and has potential to be developed as a medical agent for ROS-induced skin diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Cornus walteri Wanger has been used in folk medicine in Korea. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been known as a major cause of photo damage in skin. In the present study, research on how to cure damaged cells by UVB was conducted using an extract of Cornus walteri Wanger leaves (CWE), which was treated with an enzyme. CWE was applied to human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) affected by UVB. UVB-irradiated HS68 cells showed increased caspase-3 activity, phosphorylation of p53, ${\gamma}H2AX$, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, and DNA fragmentation compared with non-irradiated cells. However, all these effects were inhibited by treatment with CWE for 12 h after UVB irradiation. Furthermore, CWE has proved not to cause primary skin irritation through the human patch test. Collectively, these results suggest that CWE could be a new potential candidate as photoprotective agent against UVB-induced cellular damage in HDFs.