• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea extracts were investigated. The free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides was in the order: 100 % ethanol extract(329.33 ${\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract(40.73) < ethylacetate fraction(13.87) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction (7.80). In case of Salicornia herbacea, the free radical scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 13.87 and 7.80 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging activities($OSC_{50}$) of Sueada asparagoides and Solicornia herbacea extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity of Sueada asparagoides extracts was 50 % ethanol extract($OSC_{50}$, $0.99{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction (0.05) < aglycone fraction (0.03). Aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. In case of Salicornia herbacea, the ROS scavenging activities of ethylacetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 0.10 and 0.20 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides and Salicornia herbacea on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract(100%) of Sueada asparagoides diminished photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$). Particularly deglycosylated aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect($\tau_{50}$, 310 min at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). In case of Salicornia herbacea, ethylacetate fraction exhibited more potent protective effect. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Sueada asparagoides can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase and components of Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract / fractions of Castanea crenata left was in the order: 50% ethanol extract ($13.6{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction (6.2) < aglycone fraction (2.1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$ of extract / fractions from Castanea crenata leaf extract / fractions on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was in the order: aglycone fraction (0.8) < 50% ethanol extract (0.5) < ethyl acetate fraction (0.3). The scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$ for ${O_2}^{{\cdot}\;-}$ (superoxide anion radical) generated by NBT method was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction (145.5) < aglycone fraction (65.5). The protective effects on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, $191.9{\pm}12.2\;min$ at $10{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($9.1{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was higher than oleanolic and ($13.7{\mu}g/mL$). And the inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($21.6{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase was higher than arbutin ($226.2{\mu}g/mL$). But 50% ethanol extract rarely exhibited the inhibitory activity on tryosinase and elastase. Flavonoids were contained in Castanea crenata left (96.3 mg / 100 g dried Castanea crenata leaf). And flavonoids contained in ethyl acetate fraction were kaempferol, quercetin, quercitrin, and so on. Quercitrin is the most abundant component. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Castanea crenata can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging free radical and ROS, Castanea crenata leaf extract/ fractions could be used as new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the anti-oxidative, anti-wrinkle and whitening effects of Platycarya strobilacea bark extracts. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea was in the order: 50% ethanol extract ($6.75{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($6.62{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($4.15{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was ethyl acetate fraction (OSC50, $0.56{\mu}g/mL$) < 50% ethanol extract ($0.02{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($0.01{\mu}g/mL$). The deglycosylated aglycone fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect (${\tau}_{50}$, 717.27 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of Platycarya strobilacea extracts on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. The inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts was 50% ethanol extract ($243.98{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($153.87{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($137.53{\mu}g/mL$). Also, The inhibitory effect of elastase ($IC_{50}$) of some Platycarya strobilacea extracts was 50% ethanol extract ($31.01{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction ($14.42{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated aglycone fraction ($1.48{\mu}g/mL$). The cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction of Platycarya strobilacea extracts was formulated. The skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and the whitening effects were investigated after topical application of the cream. The skin hydration of cream containing extract was increased by $2{\sim}8%$ than the placebo cream, transepidermal water loss was decreased. The cream containing extract suppressed the melanogenesis of skin by 9.55% than the placebo cream. These results indicate that extract / fractions of Platycarya strobilacea can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by anti-oxidative activity and protect cellular membranes against ROS. The inhibitory effect on elastase and tyrosinase, and the increase of skin hydration and the whitening effect of the cream containing extract could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antiaging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.391-402
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects and component analysis for the extracts of Rumex acetosa L. were investigated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from dried R. acetosa L.. Free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) size of, in the order of aglycone fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > 50% ethanol extract, aglycone fraction ($45.10{\mu}g/mL$) showed the highest radical scavenging activity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (total antioxidant capacity, $OSC_{50}$) on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system was also, in the order of ethyl acetate fraction> aglycone fraction> 50% ethyl acetate fraction, ethyl acetate fraction ($2.68{\mu}g/mL$) was shown a great antioxidant capacity. The total antioxidant capacity of the ethyl acetate fraction was found to be greater than L-ascorbic acid, known as a typical hydrophilic antioxidant ($6.88 {\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of R. acetosa L. extracts on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were exhibited at all concentration-dependent ($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, aglycone fraction (${\tau}_{50}$, 104.80 min) in $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effect among extracts. Components of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from R. acetosa L. extracts were analyzed by TLC, HPLC chromatogram, LC/ESI-MS/MS. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction contained several flavonoids, such as orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin. These results indicate that the R. acetosa L. extracts can be used as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skins exposed to UV radiation by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS. Thus, the extracts of R. acetosa L. could be applicable to new anti-aging cosmeceutical ingredients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.283-289
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• 2016

Naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols are widely found in fruits, vegetables, wines, juices, and other plant-based dietary sources and are divided into several sub classes, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans. As part of the our ongoing search for bioactive food ingredients, the antioxidant and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation inhibitory activities of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium setidens were investigated in vitro bioassay system. The antioxidant properties were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the activity of C. setidens against diabetes complications was also tested via AGEs formation inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents were determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging and AGEs inhibitory activities. In particular, the n-butanol (BuOH)-soluble portion showed the most potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals with $IC_{50}$ values of $24.3{\pm}1.7$ and $25.0{\pm}3.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Futhermore, the inhibition of AGEs formation by the n-BuOH-soluble portion ($IC_{50}$ value; $46.0{\pm}1.5{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than that those of the soluble portions for the other solvent. The results showed that C. setidens could be considered as an effective source of natural antioxidants and other ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.951-960
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• 1993

$Hg^{2+}$-induced aquation trans-[Co(3,2,3-tet)$X_2]^+$(3,2,3-tet = 4,7-diazadecane-1,10-diamine, $X_2\;=\;Cl_2,\;(NO_2)Cl,\;Br_2,\;(NO_2)Br,\;(NO_3)_2)$ complexes was investigated in aqueous solution. The products and the reaction mechanism were confirmed by chromatography, UV/Vis. spectrum, and circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. From the results, $Hg^{2+}$-induced aquation of 3,2,3-tet system has been produced cis-${\beta}$ complex via trans complex. The kinetic studies on $Hg^{2+}$-induced aquation of trans-[Co(3,2,3-tet)$Cl_2]^+$ complex and trans-[Co(3,2,3-tet)$(NO_2)Cl]^+$ complex were also carried out to study the reaction mechanism. The results show that trans-[Co(3,2,3-tet)$Cl_2]^+$ complex undergoes the D(dissociative)-mechanism and trans-[Co(3,2,3-tet)$(NO_2)Cl]^+$ complex $I_d$(interchange dissociavite)-mechanism. In order to confirm steric course for the reaction mechanism, $Hg^{2+}$-induced aquation on trans-[Co(R,R-3,2,3-tet)$Cl_2]^+$ complex to which chiral R,R-3,2,3-tet was coordinated instead of the racemic(R,R:S,S) 3,2,3-tet was used has been examined by CD spectrum. From the results, the final complex was confirmed to be ${\Delta}-cis-{\beta}$-[Co(R,R-3,2,3-tet)$(OH_2)_2]^{3+}$ complex indicating the chirality was retained through whole process.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, elastase of Persicaria perfoliata extracts were investigated. The deglycosylated fraction of extract ($12.38{\mu}g$/mL) showed the most prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of P. perfoliata extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of extract ($0.35{\mu}g$/mL) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of P. perfoliata extract/fractions on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. perfoliata extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($1{\sim}50{\mu}g$/mL) except the deglycosylated fraction of extract. The inhibitory effect of P. perfoliata extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of P. perfoliata extract ($136.00{\mu}g$/mL) and deglycosylated fraction of extract ($68.10{\mu}g$/mL). Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on elastase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of P. perfoliata extract ($67.20{\mu}g$/mL) and deglycosylated fraction of extract ($43.50{\mu}g$/mL). These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. perfoliata can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. perfoliata can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2009

In this study, the antibacterial activity, antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of Inula britannica flower extracts were investigated. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction from Inula britannica flower on P. acnes 0.25 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest in the P. acnes. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of ethyl acetate fraction of Inula britannica flower was $8.55{\mu}g$/mL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some fInula britannica flower extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$- EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were ethyl acetate fraction $0.24{\mu}g$/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Inula britannica flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}100{\mu}g$/mL), particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 164.15 min at $25{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of Inula britannica flower extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of some Inula britannica flower extracts were high. Ethyl acetate fraction has $IC_{50}$ of $87.03{\mu}g$/mL. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Inula britannica flower can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of the ethyl acetate fraction and high potential as bactericide against the skin pathogenic bacteria could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant, antiaging, antibacterial activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

The thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha is an attractive model organism for various fundamental studies, such as the genetic control of enzymes involved in methanol metabolism, peroxisome biogenesis, nitrate assimilation, and resistance to heavy metals and oxidative stresses. In addition, H. polymorpha has been highlighted as a promising recombinant protein expression host, especially due to the availability of strong and tightly regulatable promoters. In this study, we investigated the possibility of employing human serum albumin (HSA) as the fusion tag for the secretory expression of heterologous proteins in H. polymorpha. A set of four expression cassettes, which contained the methanol oxidase (MOX) promoter, translational HSA fusion tag, and the terminator of MOX, were constructed. The expression cassettes were also designed to contain sequences for accessory elements including His8-tag, $2{\times}(Gly_4Ser_1)$ linkers, tobacco etch virus protease recognition sites (Tev), multi-cloning sites, and strep-tags. To determine the effects of the size of the HSA fusion tag on the secretory expression of the target protein, each cassette contained the HSA gene fragment truncated at a specific position based on its domain structure. By using the Green fluorescence protein gene as the reporter, the properties of each expression cassette were compared in various conditions. Our results suggest that the translational HSA fusion tag is an efficient tool for the secretory expression of recombinant proteins in H. polymorpha.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

Agricultural landscapes in Korea comprise a large cultivation area of rice paddies, other crops, and forests which surround the cropland and the farmers' residential village. The forests in this agricultural landscape play important roles as ecological corridors and refuges for plants and animals in this agroecosystem. The present study investigated the spatial and temporal diversity patterns among these components of the agroecosystem to provide baseline data that describes how fauna change in the studies system. Insect sampling was conducted at four sites in two regions, Chungcheong (Ockcheon and Geumsan) and Jeonnam (Younggwang and Haenam), from March to August of 2014, using an UV light trap for moths and five pitfall traps for beetles. Beetles comprised 225 species and 2,457 individuals in 35 families, while moths consisted of 141 species and 403 individuals in 17 families. Beetles showed higher diversity in Chungcheong than Jeonnam, while moths showed no difference in diversity between regions. Forests showed the highest number of species and individuals, followed by orchards and rice paddies. The food preference of beetles showed that forests contained a higher proportion of herbivores, while orchards and rice paddies had a higher proportion of carnivores. Temporal changes in moths in the two regions were synchronous, while those of beetles were nonsynchronous. Moths increased from spring to summer across all habitats, especially in rice paddies during summer. Beetles also increased from spring to summer in orchards and rice paddies, although the beetles in the forests increased in the middle of summer. A detailed and long-term study is needed to reveal the causes of different diversity patterns of taxa among the different habitats within the agroecosystems.