• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2009

The invasive pest Brontispa longissima(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), native to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, has extended its distribution to Australia, Asia and Pacific islands and caused serious leaf damages of the coconut palm Cocos nuciferain the invaded regions. Although biological control using parasitic wasps has successfully reduced population density and leaf damage levels, this pest and its natural enemies have not been efficiently producedin conventional methods using young leaves of C. nucifera. In the present study, we examined suitability of plants easily available in Thailand and Japan for mass rearing of this pest to develop effective mass rearing system of this pest. Mature, green leaves of the palms were also suitable for immature development and adult reproduction of this pest. Since mature leaves of C. nucifera are more abundant and less contaminated with fungus than the unopened leaf buds, mature leaves could be a promising plant diet for mass rearing of B. longissima. Ornamental palms such as Hyophorbe lagenicaulis and Washingtonia filifera were also suitable for immature development and reproduction of B. longissima. Away from palms, the cattail Typha spp. can sustain immature development and adult reproduction of B. longissima. In the area where C. nucifera is rare or not available, W. filifera or Typha spp. would be good food plants for mass rearing of this pest.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.17 s.17
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

To preserve straw sandals excavated at Goongnamji site, this study examined the weight change rate by applying the methods of Primal MC-76 and vacuum freeze-drying used mostly as a earth-layer hardening material among PEG and acrylic resin, which are applied widely for preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, as a means to preserve plant-based cultural properties along with the examination of the subject material. An experiment was also performed on moisture absorption after treatment. The materials of sandals were identified as Typha spp. The weight change experiment revealed that the vacuum freeze-drying after being treated with PEG 2-Step showed the most stabilized changes in weight, while it offered the smallest change in color as well.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.271-279
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• 2005

Soil seed banks at ecological preservation areas in Seoul, Jinkwannae-dong, Bangi-dong and Bam-sum, were studied by seedling emergence method from May to October 2004. Total number of species and individuals in seed banks were 42 and 5,190 at Jinkwannae-dong, 39 and 2,290 at Bangi-dong, and 39 and 1,047 at Bamsum. Salix koreensis community at Jinkwannae-dong has the highest number of seedlings among all sites. The most abundant species were Lindernia procumbens in Jinkwannae-dong and Bam-sum and Typha spp. in Bangi-dong. The dominant species of seed banks were different from that of plant communities such as Phragmites communis community, Salix koreensis community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Phragmites japonica community, and Populus tomentiglandulosa community. However the dominant species of seed banks in Typha community was Typha spp. Total 63 species emerged in either the wet or submerged conditions. Fifty six species appeared in the wet condition and 25 in the submerged condition. Eighteen species appeared in both conditions. Numbers of species and individuals were much less in the submerged condition than in the wet condition but free-floating hydrophytes including Rorippa islandica and floating-leaved hydrophytes including Monochoria vaginalis appeared only in the submerged condition. In the investigation of soil seed bank by distance from water edge (Bamsum), water side 3 ($300\sim350m$ from water) edge, where water level is fluctuating frequently, has the highest number of seedlings.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2004

Species and anatomical characteristics of twenty-seven straw shoes (around AD 500s-600s) of Baekje Kingdom, excavated at Gwanbukri and Goongnamji relics of Baeje Kingdom, were examined. The shoe tissues were macerated and examined under microscope. They were identified as Typha spp (cattails), not any of straws such as rice. Cattails, a perennial glass, grow in low and swamp places. Cattails are not known as one of major raw materials for straw shoes. The cattail fibers are not as strong as those of rice straws, common raw materials for ancient shows.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2005

The effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment on the germination of cattail (Typha spp.) seeds was investigated in growth chambers maintained on a 14-h photoperiod with various temperatures and light intensities. Germination rates of seeds were, in general, enhanced by the increase of light intensity and temperature regardless of cattail species. Seeds of T. oreientalis had 4.3, 13.0 and $7.3\%$ germination at temperatures of 20, 25 and $30^{circ}$C, respectively, under light intensity of 7.5${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. T. angustata showed higher germination rate, thus, 10.7, 22.7 and $50.7\%$ under same temperature and light environment. Under high light intensity of 79.5${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the germination rates of T. oreintalis and T angustata were $78.3\%$ and $88.7\%$ at $30^{circ}$C, respectively. Scarification of seeds with NaOC1 ($4\%$, available chlorine) increased germination rate in both species, especially even at low temperature of $20^{circ}$C. Germination speed was also enhanced by NaOC1 treatment. High light intensity further increased the germination rate. When NaOC1 treated seeds were sowed on the soil surface in plastic house, the seedling emergence was nearly $100\%$. Untreated seeds of T. oreintalis and T. angustara showed 40 and $50\%$, respectively, in germination under same condition. However, when the depth of soil covering was over 1.0 cm, seedling emergence was retarded more than 1 month. On the process of seedling development, emergence of mesocoty1 occurred firstly and after than primary root and first leaf were developed on the end of elongated mesocotyl. These results suggest that the promotion of seed germination by NaOC1 pretreament may be induced from the increase of light absorptivity as well as water permeability through scarifying and bleaching the seed coat.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2019

The Gonggeomji Reservoir is a historical irrigation facility built in the 8th century and designated as a wetland protected area by Ministry of Environment, Korea. In order to collect the baseline data necessary for developing a sustainable conservation strategy, we investigated the classification of actual vegetation, the vegetation distribution and the floristic structure of the vegetation in the Gonggeomji Wetland Protection Area. In the whole protection area, a total of 26 plant communities were classified including the wetland, riparian, grassland, forest, farmland, and orchard vegetation. According to the results of detrended correspondence analysis, the structure of wetland vegetation was mainly affected by water depth and human disturbance. In reservoir wetlands, floating vegetation such as Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica, Trapa japonica, and emergent vegetation such as Nelumbo nucifera, Typha spp. completely covered the water surface. Since 2014, the reservoir wetland has been terrestrialized with the expansion of emergent and hygrophytic plants. For the sustainable conservation and restoration of wetland protected areas, it is necessary to naturalize the topography and wetland vegetation, recovery the hydrologic system, and restore ecosystem connectivity from wetlands to forests.