• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1232-1241
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cerebral ischemia on Type I(soleus) and Type II(plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles, and to determine the effects of isometric contraction training by electro- stimulation on Type I and II muscles in cerebral ischemia model rats. Method: Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ST(stroke), STES(stroke+electrostimulation), SH(sham) and SHES (sham+electrostimulation). The ST and STES groups received a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The SH and SHES groups received a sham operation. The STES and SHES groups had daily isometric contraction training by electrostimulation(100Hz, 45mA, 7.5V) on hindlimb muscles for 7days. Result: Plantaris and gastrocenmius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the ST group significantly decreased compared with the SH group. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius muscle weight, myofibrillar protein contents of soleus and gastrocnemius, and the Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and the Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius in the STES group significantly increased compared with the 57 group. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs after acute stroke and isometric contraction training by electrostimulation during early stages of a stroke attenuates muscle atrophy of Type I and Type II muscles.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-57
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• 1996

1995년 11, 12월에 동해안 주문진 어시장에서 구입한 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 248개체중 34개체로부터 116개체의 아니사키스 유충이 채집되어 13.7% 의 유충 감염율을 나타내었다. 형태 및 크기를 바탕으로 유충의 종류 및 근육, 내장, 망 등 어체 부위별 감염상황을 조사한 결과 유충의 길이는 13.5-29.5 mm 이었으며 Anisakis type I이 68개체 (58.6%:회수율), Contracaecum type A 5개 체 (4.3%), Anisakis type II 17개체 (14.6%), Contracaecum type D 8개체 (7.0%) 및 불명 18개체 (15.5%)로 분류되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.550-559
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine whether low intensity regular exercise following dexamethasone treatment could attenuate steroid-induced muscle atrophy. Method: 36 Wistar-rats(90-110g) were divided into six groups: control group(C), dexamethasone treatment group(D), sedentary group after normal sedentary period(C+S), sedentary group after dexamethasone treatment period(D+S), exercise group after normal sedentary period(C+E), and excercise group after dexamethasone treatment period(D+E). D, D+S, and D+E groups received dexamethasone injection(5mg/Kg) for seven days whereas C, C+S, and C+E groups received normal saline injection. Both C+E and D+E groups ran on a treadmill for 60 minutes/day(20minutes/4hours) at 15m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$grade for seven recovery days. Result: Post-weight(body weight before muscle dissection) of D group significantly decreased by 16.03%, and that of D+E group significantly increased by 15.51% compared with pre-weight(body weight before steroid treatment). TypeII muscle(plantaris and gastrocnemius) weights of D group were significantly lower than those of C group. Myofibrillar protein contents of typeII muscles of D group tended to decrease comparing with C group. In D+E groups, body weights and relative weights of typeII muscles(muscle weight(mg)/post-weight(g)) tended to increase comparing with D+S group. Conclusion: It is suggested that steroid- induced muscle atrophy can be ameliorated through low intensity regular exercise after dexamethasone treatment.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1995

1993년 4월에서 6월 사이에 강원도 속초시, 경남 양산군 기장읍 대변 및 충무시 어시장에서 구입한 멸치의 anisakid 유충 감염상을 알아보고자 하였다. 각 지역에서 구입한 멸치들을 실험실로 운반한 후 체장을 계측하고 각 개체별로 기관을 분리하여 입체현미경하에서 유충을 분리 수집하였다. 수집한 유충들은 lactophenol로 투명화 한 다음 계측 및 동정하였으며 각 지역별, 멸치 개체별, 멸치 기관별 유충감염량을 산정하였다. 충체의 형태적인 분류 결과 Anisakis type I과 II, Contracaecum B와 C형의 4종이 기생하고 있음을 확인하였다. 멸치 2,180마리 중 양성이 150 마리로서 6.9%의 감염율을 나타내었으며 멸치의 크기에 따른 감염율의 차이는 없었다. 멸치의 각 장기별 nisihid 유충의 감염율은 근육에서 56.1%로 가장 높았고. 망 38.0%, 장 4.1%, 위 1.7% 및 고환 0.6%의 순으로 나타났다. 해안 지역별 anisakid 유충의 감염율은 대변 5.1%. 속초 8.0% 및 충무 9.2%의 양성율이었다. 이 성적에 의하면 멸치 생식을 함으로서 anisakid 유충 인체 감염이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1987

극구흡충의 하나인 Echinochasmus iaponicus의 표퍼 미세구조를 관찰하기 위하여 이 연구를 실시하였다. 참붕어(Pseuderasbora larva)의 두부로부터 분리, 수집한 피낭유충을 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐에 경구 감염시킨 후 5일, 7일 및 14일에 성충을 회수하여 고정, 건조 및 순금표면처리 과정을 거친 다음 ISI-Korea의 CL-6 및 DS-130 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. E. japonicus의 충체는 작고 통통한 표주박 모양으로 전단이 뾰족하고 후단은 등근모양이었다. 충체의 전체표면은 가로로 불연속적인 주름이 져 있었고, 자갈모양의 원형질 돌기로 덮혀 있었다. 2. 두관에는 24개의 두극이 원형질 주머니에 박혀서 일렬로 배열하였으나, 이중 양끝에서 두번 째, 네번 째의 두극은 밖으로 더 벌어져 있었다. 또한 이 배열은 두관의 등쪽 정증선에서 끊어져 있었다. 구흡반은 근육성이었고 구순에는 많은 수의 감각유두가 존재하였다. 구흡반과 복흡반 사이에는 생식공이 개구하고 있고, 동심원 모양의 복흡반은 복측으로 약간 튀어나와 있었으며 15∼17개의 II형 감각유두가 일열로 래열되어 있었다. 3. 상모양의 피극은 충체표퍼의 복측 앞쪽측면과 배측 전반부에 밀집되어 있었고, 구흡반에서 복흡반에 이르는 복측 정중면과 배측 후반부에는 분포하지 않았다. 4. 감각유두는 type I , type II 두 종류만 관찰되었으며 type I은 복측 전반부에 주로 많이 분포하였고 type II는 구흡반과 복흡반의 구술에만 주로 분포하였다. 이상의 결과로 E. japnicus의 표퍼 미세구조가 다른 극구흡충과 비교했을 때 몇 가지 특징적인 것을 나타냄을 알 수 있었고, 이 특징들이 다른 극구흡충류의 표피 미세구조 및 분류학적 연구에 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2006

죽상경화는 선진국에서 사망의 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 현재, 사람배꼽정맥내피세포는 대부분의 내피세포의 연구에 사용되고 있다. 그래도 사람배꼽정맥내피세포는 동맥이 아닌 정맥에서 유래하는 근본적인 문제가 있다. 현재 내피세포를 분리하는 방법이 여러 가지 보고가 되어있으나 이들 방법 대부분은 민무늬근육세포에 의해 오염되는 것을 제거하기 위해 특별한 장비가 필요하다. 여기서 시행한 방법은 내피세포와 민무늬근육세포를 분리하는데 있어서 어떤 특별한 장비들을 요하지 않는다. 쥐 대동맥의 내막에 2mg/ml의 농도인 제2형 교원질분해효소 용액을 사용하여 내피세포를 분리하는데, 다른 세포의 오염을 막기 위해서 Medium G 배지를 사용하였다. 1주일 후가 되면 내피세포만이 분리가 된다. 교원질분해효소를 처리하고 남은 대동맥의 나머지는 길이방향으로 잘라 10일간 DMEM 용액에 배양하였다. 10일이 지나면 민무늬근육 세포가 분리된다. 순수도를 검증하기위해 면역형광염색과 투과전자현미경으로 분석을 하였다. 면역형광염색상 분리된 내피세포에서는 CD31, 민무늬근육세포에서는 ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin이 특이하게 발현되었다. 배양된 내피세포와 민무늬근육세포에서는 미세구조상 세포의 종류에 따른 특징적 소견을 보였다. 따라서 이 연구에서 시행한 내피세포와 민무늬근육세포를 분리하는 방법은 죽상경화를 연구하는데 있어 특히 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2008

Objectives : Eucommiae cortex is reported that it helps bone and skeletal muscle stronger. In case of bone, many report is presented, but reports related to skeletal muscle are rarely existed. So in order to investigate effects of Eucommiae cortex on the skeletal muscle atrophy following stroke, cerebral infarct was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. Methods : In order to induce MCAO rats, nylon suture was advanced and then blocked middle cerebral artery(MCA). Water extract of Eucommiae cortex was treated for 15 days, once a day orally, after the MCAO. Effects were evaluated with muscle weights, muscle fiber type composition, cross-sectioned area of muscle fibers in soleus and gastrocnemius of the unaffected and affected hind limbs. And MyoD protein expression in gastrocnemius was demonstrated with immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results : In the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, muscle weight loss of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In soleus muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, increase of type-I fibers and decrease of type-II fibers were induced by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In soleus muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, decrease of cross-sectioned areas of type-I fibers was attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, increase of type-I fibers and decrease of type-II fibers were induced by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected hind limb of the MCAO rats, decreases of cross-sectioned areas of type-I and type-II fibers were attenuated by Eucommiae cortex treatment. In gastrocnemius muscle of the affected and unaffected hind limb of the MCAO rats, MyoD expressions were increased by Eucommiae cortex treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that Eucommiae cortex has a protective effect against muscle atrophy, through the inhibition of the muscle cell apoptosis, following the central nervous system demage.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to apply muscle relaxation exercise and ultrasound therapy as an effective treatment method for tension headache patients by comparatively analyzing the muscle mechanical properties, neck disorder index, and headache impact test. Method : The subjects were classified into three groups based on the intervention received: the therapeutic ultrasound (n=15, group I), placebo therapeutic ultrasound combined with the suboccipital release (n=15, group II), and therapeutic ultrasound combined with suboccipital release (n=15, group III) groups. The intragroup and intergroup differences in muscle mechanical properties, neck disability index, and headache impact test were compared and analyzed. Result : The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle tone and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the suboccipitalis and upper trapezius in groups I and III. Furthermore, statistically significant intergroup differences in the upper trapezius with a greater change in group III than in group II and suboccipitalis with greater changes in group III than in groups I and II were observed. The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle stiffness and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the upper trapezius in group I and suboccipitalis in group III. Moreover, statistically significant intergroup differences in both muscles with greater changes in group III than in group II for both cases were observed. The comparison and analyses of the changes in the neck disability index and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in all three groups and statistically significant intergroup differences with greater changes in group III than in groups I and II. The comparison and analyses of the changes in the headache impact test and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in all three groups and a statistically significant intergroup difference with greater changes in group III than in groups I and II. Conclusion : The therapeutic ultrasound and suboccipital muscle release exercise effectively increased the flexibility of the muscles around the cervical vertebrae and reduced muscle tension and stiffness in tension-type headache patients.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1454-1461
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• 2008

In oriental medicine, it is known that Eucommiae Cortex (EC) has strengthening and rehabilitative effects on the bone-muscle dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EC on the skeletal muscle atrophy. The muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve in Sprague-Dawley rats. EC (water-extract, 170mg/100 g body weight) was treated once a day for 12 days. In this study, the effect of EC examined the muscle weight of hind limb, cross section areas of muscle fibers, fiber type compositions, apoptosis related factors (Bax and Bcl-2). EC reduced muscle atrophy in soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MGT), extensor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior significantly in the damaged hind limb. EC increased type-I muscle fibers and decreased type-II muscle fibers significantly in SOL of the damaged hind limb. EC enlarged cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers significantly in SOL. EC enlarged cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers significantly in. EC reduced apoptotic nuclei and atrophic muscle fibers in SOL and MGT. EC reduced Bax positive muscle nuclei in SOL and MGT. EC up-regulated Bcl-2 positive muscle fibers in SOL and MGT. These results suggest that EC has an anti-atrophic effect and anti-apoptotic effect against myonuclear apoptosis induced by the peripheral nerve damage.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of Puerariae Radix on the skeletal muscle atrophy, Muscle atrophy was induced by the sciatic nerve transection in Sprague-Dawley rats, then aqueous-extract of Puerariae Radix was administered for 12 days, Muscle wet weight was measured in soleus, plantaris, and medial gastrocnemius. Muscle fiber type was classified by MHCf immunohistochemistry. Muscle fiber type proportion and cross section area of muscle fiber also was observed in medial gastrocnemius. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in medial gastrocnemius of the damaged hind limb were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The results are as follows; Puerariae Radix attenuated muscle atrophy in soleus of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats, but there was statistic significance. Puerariae Radix attenuated significantly atrophy in plantaris at 12 days and in medial gastrocnemius at 8 days and 12 days. Puerariae Radix improved histology of the atrophic changes and increased significantly cross section areas of type-I and type-II muscle fibers in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats. Puerariae Radix did not affect to muscle fiber type proportion in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats. Puerariae Radix attenuated significantly Bax positive nuclei but did not affect to Bcl-2 positive muscle fibers in medial gastrocnemius of the sciatic nerve transectioned rats.According to above results, Puerariae Radix may have an anti-atrophy effect on the denervated skeletal muscle through anti-apoptotic effects on muscle fibers.