• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : Many roadway departure crashes on the freeway interchange are due to the running speed being greater than the design speed. This study aims to ensure a safe and pleasant driving experience for the driver by increasing the superelevation based on the running speed on the highway interchange ramp. METHODS : The mean running speed for each type of ramp is calculated on site survey more than 10 interchanges. Using the mean running speed, we calculated the superelevation and the side friction using the method given in "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Street" (Pages 145-166, 2001). Then, we applied the modified method to the superelevation range. Finally, we ensured safety using the Degree of Safety that is proven by the centrifugal acceleration ratio as suggested by Joseph Craus (1978). RESULTS : The mean running speeds are 50 km/h and 65 km/h when the design speeds are 40 km/h and 50 km/h, respectively. After the application of the new method used in this study, the superelevation will be increased by 9.0% and 10.0% when the mean running speeds are 50 km/h and 65 km/h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : A higher superelevation can give the driver a more comfortable and safe driving environment. However, the driver needs to be aware of snow and low-temperature conditions.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

본 연구는 식물공장용 체인컨베이어식 조간조절장치를 개발하기 위해 수행하였다. 개발 시스템을 재배작물에 실제로 적용하기 위해 평가 시험하였다. 실험결과, 식물공장에서 수경재배되는 채소의 주간을 조절하는 기술을 제공하였다 작물조간조절단계는 매주 수확하는 것으로 하여 4단으로 설정하였고, 단계별 이송속도는 각각 6.4, 9.6, 12.3, 15.8$cm{\cdot}s^{-1}$이었고, 조간조절량은 각각 101.6, 152.4, 203.2, 254.0mm로 나타났다. 1단계에서 4단계로 작물이 이송되는 동안 작물과 재배 홈통의 무게가 17N에서 935N으로 증가함에 따라 구동축토오크도 $11.7\~33.3N{\cdot}m$범위에서 증가하여 이론토크 값보다 $5.9\~9.8N{\cdot}m$ 더 소요되었으며, 이때의 진행 저하율은 $1.6\~2.1\%$이었다. 재배홈통의 이동소요 시간의 설계 값이 2.26초이고 실측값이 2.24초로 잘 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 조간조절장치는 조간조절량이 설계된 값의 $5%$이내 범주에서 잘 조절되고, 시스템으로도 안정적으로 나타나 식물공장용 조간조절장치로 체인컨베이어식 조간조절장치가 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 주행 차량의 실시간 연료소모량을 예측할 수 있는 머신러닝 기법을 제안하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 머신러닝 학습을 위해 실도로 주행을 실시하여 주행 속도, 가속도, 도로 구배와 함께 연료소모량을 측정하였다. 특성 데이터로 속도, 가속도, 도로구배를, 타깃으로 연료소모량을 지정하여 다양한 머신러닝 모델을 학습시켰다. 회귀법에 해당하는 K-최근접이웃회귀 및 선형회귀와 함께, 분류법에 해당하는 K-최근접이웃분류, 로지스틱회귀, 결정트리, 랜덤포레스트, 그래디언부스팅을 사용하였다. 실시간 연료소모량에 대한 예측 정확도는 0.5 ~ 0.6 수준으로 전반적으로 낮았고, 회귀법의 경우 분류법보다 정확도가 떨어졌다. 총연료소모량에 대한 예측 오차는 0.2 ~ 2.0% 수준으로 상당히 정확했고, 분류법보다 회귀법의 오차가 더 낮았다. 이는 예측 정확도의 기준으로 결정계수(R²)를 사용했기 때문인데, 이 값이 작을수록 타깃의 평균 부근에 예측치가 좁게 분포하기 때문이다. 따라서 실시간 연료소모량 예측에는 분류법이, 총연료소모량 예측에는 회귀법이 적합하다고 할 수 있다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2005

Recently, a novel multi-bit nonvolatile memory based on double gate (DG) MOSFET is proposed to overcome the short channel effects and to increase the memory density. We need more complex voltage schemes for DG MOSFET devices. In view of peripheral circuits driving memory cells, one should consider various voltage sources used for several operations. It is one of the key issues to minimize the number of voltage sources. This criterion needs more caution in considering a DG nonvolatile memory cell that inevitably requires more number of events for voltage sources. Therefore figuring out the permissible range of operating bias should be preceded for reliable operation. We found that reliable operation largely depends on the depletion conditions of the silicon channel according to charge amount stored in the floating gates and the negative control gate voltages applied for read operation. We used Silvaco Atlas, a 2D numerical simulation tool as the device simulator.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

Blower as an air supply system is one of the most important BOP (Balance of Plant) system fur FCV(Fuel Cell Vehicle). For generating and blowing compressed air, the motor of air blower consumes maximum 25% of net power and fuel cell demands a clean air. Considering the efficiency of whole FCV, low friction lubrication of high speed rotor is needed. For the purpose of reducing electrical power and supplying clean air to Fuel cell, oil-free air foil bearings are applied at the each side of brushless motor (BLDC) as journal bearings which diameter is 50mm. The normal power of driving motor has 1.7kW with the 30,000rpm operating range and the flow rate of air has maximum 160 SCFM. The impeller of blower was adopted a mixed type of centrifugal and axial which has several advantages for variable operating condition. The performance of turbo-blower and parameters of air foil bearings was investigated analytically and experimentally. From this study, the performance of the blower was confirmed to be suitable far 80kw PEM FC.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 아음속/초음속 이젝터 시스템의 효과적인 설계를 목적으로, 증기 보일러로부터 발생하는 파열증기를 1차 구동유체로 하는 축대칭 아음속/초음속 이젝터 유동을 실험하였다. 과열증기는 여러형태의 아음속/초음속 노즐에 의하여 이젝터 혼합부로 방출되도록 설계되었으며, 2차정체실 내부에 있는 대기 공기는 증기제트에 의하여 혼합부로 유입된다. 실험에서는 2차정체실의 진공성능을 조사하기 위하여 넓은 범위의 이젝터 자동압력비에 대하여 적용하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 이젝터목에서 혼한유동의 정압은 1차 노즐의 형태에 관계없이 이젝터 작동압력비의 함수만에 의하여 결정된다는 것을 알았다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the adequacy of the representative empirical models which are developed for predicting the tractive performance of the tractor operating in various soil conditions. Four representative empirical models which are widely used in the traction prediction of tractor were selected through literature review. Four models were Wismer-Luth, Brixius, Dwyer and Hernandez model, which were empirical traction models of a single wheel. The efficacy of four models were confirmed via comparison of the tractions of tractor predicted using the four models with those measured from traction tests which were conducted for two different driving type (2WD and 4WD) of the tractor on two different soil conditions. The results showed that tractions predicted by Brixius' model, especially for slip range under 20% which the operating efficiency of a tractor is very high, were well consistent with the ones measured from traction test better than the tractions predicted by models which are proposed by Wismer-Luth, Dwyer and Hernandez.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.396-401
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• 2001

Heat transfer analysis of a iron core type linear motor for surface mounting device applications was considered in this study. In order to avoid the complex conjugate problem a fluid flow regime and a solid regime were considered separately. First, film coefficients of the moving parts were evaluated from computational fluid dynamic analysis and those of the stationary parts from the existing empirical or analytic correlations. And then, by applying them, internal and external temperatures of the linear motor pal1s were computed through finite element analysis. Both computation and measurement were carried out with respect to motor driving power. The measurement did not exhibit a linear temperature variation trend with respect to motor power while the computation revealed a linear correlation. Nonetheless, the computations agreed with the measurements within an error range of 20%. It indicates that an adequate heat transfer model for the reciprocative coil assembly may help more exact prediction.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

This paper addresses the establishment of a kVA-range plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) integration test platform and associated issues. Advancements in battery and power electronic technology, hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly dependent on the electrical energy provided by the batteries. Minimal or no support by the internal combustion engine may result in the vehicle being occasionally unable to recharge the batteries during highly dynamic driving that occurs in urban areas. The inability to sustain its own energy source creates a situation where the vehicle must connect to the electrical grid in order to recharge its batteries. The effects of a large penetration of electric vehicles connected into the grid are still relatively unknown. This paper presents a novel methodology that will be utilized to study the effects of PHEV charging at the sub-transmission level. The proposed test platform utilizes the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept in conjunction with high-fidelity PHEV energy system simulation models. The battery, in particular, is simulated utilizing a real-time digital simulator ($RTDS^{TM}$) which generates appropriate control commands to a power electronics-based voltage amplifier that interfaces via a LC-LC-type filter to a power grid. In addition, the PHEV impact is evaluated via another power electronic converter controlled through $dSPACE^{TM}$, a rapid control systems prototyping software.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a small combine for harvesting miscellaneous cereal crops. Methods: A prototype small combine was designed and constructed. Its specifications and basic performance were investigated. Results: The prototype small combine for harvesting miscellaneous cereal crops was designed and constructed to reflect similar specifications as those of the conventional combine. The prototype small combine comprises a diesel engine with the rated power/speed of 22.0 kW/2,600 rpm, three-stage primary and two-stage speed range transmission shifts, and a double acting threshing part. The maximum travel speeds of the prototype combine are approximately 0.72 m/s, 2.50 m/s, 0.30 m/s at the low, high speed range shifts in the forward direction, and while traversing in the reverse direction, respectively. The minimum radius of turning was approximately 1.50 m. In a static lateral overturning test, the prototype combine overturned neither to the right nor to left on a $30^{\circ}$ slope. The results of an oilseed rape harvesting test included the maximum operating speed of 0.32 m/s, the grain loss ratio of approximately 9.0%, and the effective field capacity of approximately 10.3 a/h. Additionally, among the outputs in grain outlet, the whole grains, damage grains, and materials other than grain (MOG) ratios accounted for 97.4%, 0.0%, and 2.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The prototype small combine for harvesting miscellaneous cereal crops indicates good driving ability and stability. The results of the oilseed rape harvesting test reveal that the harvesting performance must be enhanced such that the separating and cleaning parts are more suitable for each type of crop, thus reducing grain loss and foreign substances among the outputs in grain outlet. An improved small prototype combine could be used effectively to mechanize the harvesting of miscellaneous cereal crops in small family farms or semi-mountainous areas.