• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccolingual curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars using the radius and angle of curvature. Materials and Methods: Total 100 mandibular molars were selected. Following an endodontic access in the teeth, their distal roots were removed. #15 H- or K-files (Dentsply Maillefer) were inserted into the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the teeth. Radiographs of the teeth were taken for the proximal view. Among them, type II canals were selected and divided into two subgroups, IIa and IIb. In type IIa, two separate canals merged into one canal before reaching the apex and in type IIb, two separate canals merged into one canal within the apical foramen. The radius and angle of curvature of specimens were examined. Results: In type II, mean radius of curvature in mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals were 2.82 mm and 3.58 mm, respectively. The radius of the curvature of mesiolingual canals were significantly smaller than that of mesiobuccal canals in type II, and especially in type IIa. However, there were no statistically significant differences in radius of curvature between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in type IIb and there were no significant differences in angle of curvature between type IIa and IIb. Conclusion: In this study, type II mesial canals of mandibular molars showed severe curvature in the proximal view. Especially, mesiolingual canals of type IIa had more abrupt curvature than mesiobuccal canals at the apical one third.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1998

리튬 이온 전도체를 이용하여 히터가 내장된 단순한 형태의 고체전해질 이산화탄소 감지소자를 제작하였다. 소자의 기준전극과 감지전극은 Au를 사용하였다. type ( I )과 type (II)의 두가지 형태의 소자로 구분하여 제조하였다. type ( I ) 소자는 알카리 금속 탄산염을 $420{\sim}500^{\circ}C$에서 융착하여 제조하였다. Type (II) 소자의 감지막은 알카리 금속 탄산염을 결착제와 혼합한 후 감지전극에 도포하여 제조하였다. 제조된 이산화탄소 감지소자를 동작온도 $420^{\circ}C$에서 이산화탄소 농도 950 ppm에서 9,950 ppm의 영역에 걸쳐 응답특성을 조사하였다. type ( I ) 소자와 type (II) 소자는 이산화탄소 농도변화에 대하여 각각 62 mV/decade와 65 mV/decade의 감도를 보였다. Type (II) 소자의 기전력값의 변화는 동작온도 $420^{\circ}C$에서 Nernst 식의 이론적인 값에 거의 일치하였고, $15{\sim}20$초 이내의 빠른 응답시간을 가지면서 매우 안정한 응답특성을 보였다. 또한 type (II) 소자는 60일 동안 우수한 장기 안정도와 재현성을 보였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise before steroid treatment on mass, the type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hindlimb muscles in a rat model. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group(n=10) that had a normal saline injection for 7days, a steroid group(n=10) that had a steroid injection for 7days, and an exercise-steroid group(n=10) that ran on the treadmill for 7days before a steroid treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Result: The exercise-steroid group showed significant increases as compared with the steroid group in body weight, muscle weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius, type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius. As compared with the control group, the steroid group showed significant decreases in body weight and diet intake, muscle weight, the type II fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Daily exercise before steroid treatment attenuates hindlimb muscle atrophy, with type II muscle changes more apparent than type I muscle changes.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.645-655
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• 2011

Chandrasekar et al. (2004) introduced a generalized Type-II hybrid censoring. In this paper, we propose generalized doubly Type-II hybrid censoring. In addition, this paper presents the statistical inference on the scale parameter for the half logistic distribution when samples are generalized doubly Type-II hybrid censoring. The approximate maximum likelihood(AMLE) method is developed to estimate the unknown parameter. The scale parameter is estimated by the AMLE method using two di erent Taylor series expansion types. We compar the AMLEs in the sense of the mean square error(MSE). The simulation procedure is repeated 10,000 times for the sample size n = 20; 30; 40 and various censored samples. The $AMLE_I$ is better than $AMLE_{II}$ in the sense of the MSE.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

As a condition for obtaining the silk I type crystal that has stability and high reproducibility, after dissolving silk fibroin crystalline part (Fcp), the changes of recrystallized crystal structure according to dialytic pH were examined by x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The Fcp was obtained from the aqueous solution of silk fibroin enzymatic proteolyzed by chymotrypsin. The crystal structure of Fcp showed silk II type. When the Fcp was dissolved by 10M LiBr aqueous solution, the Fcp1 showed the silk II type at pH 9. However, besides the silk II type, the silk I type structure begins to appear at pH 8 and only the silk I type structure was found below pH 6. On the other hand, the Fcp2 that calcium chloride was used in the dissolution found only the silk I type crystal structure below pH8.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

본 논문은 청색 유기 EL 소자를 진공증착법으로 제작하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 발광층 물질(A1q/sub 3/)에 게스트물질(Type I-TPB와 Type II-DPA)의 도핑농도(0.5∼2 wt%)를 변화시켜 청색발광소자를 제작하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. Alq3에 도펀트의 농도를 증가함에 따라 청색에 해당하는 색좌표 점으로 이동하였다. Type I이 Type II의 경우보다 동작개시전압 및 구동전압이 낮게 나타났으며 휘도에서는 Type II가 밝게 나타났다. Alq/sub 3/에 DPA(2wt%)를 도펀트로 사용한 소자의 경우 인가전압 15V에서 휘도는 1282cd/m/sup 2/, 최대발광 파장은 476nm, 색좌표는(0.1273, 0.0672)으로 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2014

This paper deals with the problem of predicting censored data in a half triangle distribution with an unknown parameter based on progressively Type-II censored samples. We derive maximum likelihood predictors and some approximate maximum likelihood predictors of censored failure times in a progressively Type-II censoring scheme. In addition, we construct the shortest-length predictive intervals for censored failure times. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the validity of the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1199-1206
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• 2009

This paper deals with the estimation based on progressive Type-II censored samples from the double Rayleigh distribution. We derive some estimators of the location and scale parameters of the double Rayleigh distribution based on progressive Type-II censored samples. We compare the proposed estimators in the sense of the mean squared error for various censored samples.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.329-344
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• 2007

In this paper, we shall propose the AMLEs of the scale parameter and the location parameter in the two-parameter Rayleigh distribution based on progressive Type-II censored samples when one parameter is known. We also propose the AMLEs of the two parameters in the Rayleigh distribution based on progressive Type-II censored samples when two parameters are unknown. We simulate the mean squared errors of the proposed estimators through Monte Carlo simulation for various censoring schemes.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.197-214
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• 2009

In this paper, we formulate the definition of compatible mappings of type (I) and (II) in intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces and prove a common fixed point theorem by using the conditions of compatible mappings of type (I) and (II) in complete intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. Our results intuitionistically fuzzify the result of Cho, Sedghi, and Shobe [4].