• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.644-655
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe the pattern of type D personality, to compare the life style and quality of life between type D personality and non-type D personality patients, and to investigate the factors influencing quality of life in patients with hypertension. Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study was used. The participants in this study were 193 outpatients who were diagnosed with hypertension at two university hospitals in urban area, Korea. The data was collected from December, 2006 to January, 2007. Type D personality was measured by the DS-14 scale. Results: The prevalence of type D personality was 83.9%. Patients of type D personality were significantly different in educational status, monthly income, fat intake and exercise, and had a lower overall quality of life than patients of non-type D personality. Under controlled general characteristics and life style factors, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. The most significant factor influencing quality of life in hypertensive patients was type D personality, and this factor explained their quality of life with a variance of 14.8%. Conclusions: Various programs for psychological intervention are required to control for the distressed personality of patients with hypertension. Further studies should be conducted prospectively on a larger patient population.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the relationships among type D personality, self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors and mediating effects, as well as type D personality and health promoting behaviors of college students. Methods: From 10 May to 24 May 2013, a convenience sample of 223 subjects was recruited from a college in G city. Data analysis consisted of Pearson's correlation coefficient, followed by regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of type D personality was 21.4%. Type D individuals showed lower self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships than non-type D individuals. Type D personality (NA*SI) had signigicant negative correlations with self-efficacy and HPLP-II. Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between type D personality(NA*SI) and HPLP-II. Conclusion: One reason why type D individuals have maladaptive health behaviors is low self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of the resilience on the relationship between type D personality and compliance of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients. Methods: The subjects were 236 CAD patients who visited the cardiology outpatient clinics of D University Medical Center in B City in Korea. The type D personality, resilience, and compliance of subjects were measured using structured questionnaires from July to August, 2014. The mediating effect was analyzed by a multiple hierarchical regression. Results: The subjects with type D personality accounted for 30.9% of all study subjects. The resilience and compliance of type D subjects were significantly lower than those of non type D subjects. There was a significant correlation between resilience and compliance. The direct effect of type D personality on compliance was not significant (${\beta}=-.07$, p=.243), while the indirect effect of type D personality on compliance via resilience was significant (${\beta}=.23$, p<.001). Conclusion: On the basis of above results, it can be concluded that the resilience had completely mediating effect on the relation between type D personality and compliance of CAD patients. Further studies need to be done to develop the intervention enhancing resilience of CAD patients with Type D personality.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of type D personality on health status and health promoting behaviors in middle-aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 220 middle aged women. All participants completed 3 measuring tools: a 14-item Type D Personality Scale, a 12-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire version 2, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-version II. All were completed in November 2010. Results: The prevalence of type D personality was 34.5%. Type D women had significantly lower physical (p=.020) and mental health status (p<.001) compared with non-type D women. In addition Type D women reported significantly poorer performance of health responsibility (p=.015), physical activity (p=.001), nutrition (p=.027), spiritual growth (p<.001), interpersonal relations (p<.001) and stress management (p<.001) techniques in health behaviors than non-type D women. Conclusion: Type D personality is a vulnerability factor that affects health status and is associated with poor health promoting behaviors in middle aged women. Therefore, screening for Type D personality is important to detect women at risk for health status and quality of life in community settings in Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.273-282
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• 2019

The purpose of study was to examine and compare the self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, happiness, and college adjustment between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. Subjects included a total 181 nursing students (Type D personality: n=53, non-Type D personality: n=128). Data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. The collected date were analyzed using a ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test. There were significant differences on self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, happiness, and college adjustment between Type D and non-Type D personality among nursing students. Self-esteem showed significant differences in degree of adaption, interpersonal relationship in religion, happiness in economic status, college adjustment in religion and degree of adaption (Type D personality subjects). Type D personality lowered self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, happiness, and college adjustment in nursing students. Strategies for Type D personality in nursing students are needed to increase self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, happiness, and college adjustment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between type D personality and cardiovascular disease, and to suggest future research directions. Method: A literature search was conducted from the following nine databases: 1) MEDLINE, 2) CINAHL, 3) Pubmed Unrestricted, 4) PsycINFO, 5) KISS, 6) RICHIS, 7) RISS4U, and 8) Nanet. The combinations of the words, "type D personality", "personality", "heart", "cardiovascular", and "coronary" were used for keyword searches to find relevant articles. Twenty eight studies were identified. Result: Type D personality has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Type D patients are also at increased risk for impaired quality of life, and seem to benefit less from medical and invasive treatment. Conclusion: There is substantial evidence for a relationship between type D personality and clinical outcomes related to cardiovascular disease. Randomized clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the value of controlling type D personality to improve survival and reduce morbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence from this analysis indicates the urgent need to adopt a personality approach in order to optimize the identification of patients at risk for stress related cardiac events.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of Type D personality on compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and job stress in clinical nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 172 clinical nurses working in two tertiary hospitals. The structured questionnaires included Type D personality scale, compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and job stress scales. Results: About 79.7% of participants were classified as Type D personality group. The Type D personality was not related to general characteristics of clinical nurses. The Type D personality group showed statistically significant higher compassion fatigue, burnout, and job stress and lower compassion satisfaction compared to the non-Type D personality group. In addition, compassion fatigue and burnout were positively correlated with job stress and compassion fatigue was positively correlated with burnout. However, compassion satisfaction was negatively correlated with burnout. Conclusion: As the prevalence of Type D personality is high in clinical nurses, it is necessary to assess stress-related personality. In addition, management for the nurse with Type D personality is required to alleviate compassion fatigue, burnout, and job stress and to improve compassion satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.536-545
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influencing effects of type D personality on symptom experiences and quality of life in percutaneous coronary intervention patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 158 patients with percutaneous coronary intervention participated in this study, between July 1 and November 1, 2015. Data were analyzed by means, standard deviations, t-test, $x^2$ test, ANCOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: About 53.8% of participants were classified as type D personality. The type D personality group reported statistically significantly higher symptom experience, lower cardiac function, and lower cardiovascular-specific quality of life compared to non-type D personality group. On stepwise multiple regression, the most significant factor of quality of life was symptom experiences (adjusted $R^2=.25$, p<.001), followed by type D personality (adjusted $R^2=.31$, p<.001). Conclusion: Personality trait assessment is recommended for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention to assess symptom experiences and quality of life. In addition, development of nursing intervention might be beneficial to manage symptom experience and quality of life in percutaneous coronary intervention patients with type D personality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.286-294
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to confirm the mental health and quality of life by type-D personality of the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The participants in the study were 111 hospitalized patients with CAD at a hospital in Gyeonggi-do. The type-D personality was assessed by the Type-D Personality Scale (DS14). The mental health was measured with Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90R) while quality of life was assessed with World Health Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF). The data analysis revealed that 36.1% of CAD patients were identified as having type-D personality traits. Non type-D personality patients have shown better mental health state than type-D personality patients (p<.001) have. The level of quality of life in the type D personality patients were significantly lower than that of non type-D counterparts (p<.001). It is necessary for type-D personality to be considered, when the nursing intervention programs for improving the mental health and quality of life of the patients with CAD are developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6265-6274
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to clarify the variables influencing the Type D personality of female university students majoring in nursing. The subjects were 353 female students attending a nursing college, and multiple regression analysis was performed using the PASW 18.0 program. The distribution of Type D personality in the subjects was 34.8%. The factors influencing the Type D personality included the support of family and friends, satisfaction with their major, self-esteem, life stress, and resilience. The factor with the greatest influence among the variables was life stress, and the explanatory power of this model was 36.3%. Intervention programs should be developed to reduce the level of Type D personality among nursing college students to provide them with the appropriate expertise as prospective nurses.