• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.245-248
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• 2008

Objective : This study is to investigate time course of symptom disappearance in patients whose spasm relieved completely after microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods : Of 115 patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) who underwent MVD from April 2003 to December 2006, 89 patients who had no facial paralysis after operation and showed no spasm at last follow-up more than 1.5 years after operation were selected. Symptom disappearance with time after MVD was classified into type 1 (symptom disappearance right after operation), type 2 (delayed symptom disappearance) and type 3 (unusual symptom disappearance). Type 2 was classified into type 2a (with postoperative silent period) and type 2b (without silent period). Results : Type 1, type 2a, type 2b and type 3 were 38.2%, 48.37%, 124% and 1.1%, respectively. Delayed disappearance group (type 2) was 60.7%. Post-operative symptom duration in all cases ranged from 0 to 900 days, average was 74.6 days and median was 14 days. In case of type 2, average post-operative symptom duration was 115.1 days and median was 42 days. Five and 3 patients required more than 1 year and 2 years, respectively, until complete disappearance of spasm. In type 2a, postoperative silent period ranged from 1 to 10 days, with an average of 24 days. Conclusion : Surgeons should be aware that delayed symptom disappearance after MVD for HFS is more common than it has been reported, silent period can be as long as 10 days and time course of symptom disappearance is various as well as unpredictable.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to present basic data for development of shoe last suitable for women of plus size (BMI 25 kg/㎡ or higher) by type and to analyze the characteristics of each type of foot type. The results of the study are as follows. A comparison of the feet of a plus-size woman and a normal-weight woman showed that the feet of a plussize woman were thicker and wider in the toes, cheeks and feet than those of a normal-weight woman, while the ankle area was thicker. As a result of the cluster analysis by type of foot type of plus-size woman, type 1 was classified into four types, type 1 was 49 (19.5%), type 2 was 43 (17.1%), type 3 was 53 (21.1%), and type 4 was distributed among 106 (42.2%). Type 1 appeared to be a long, low heel, thick foot and wide H-type, and Type 2 appeared to be a D-type with a low heel and a thinner and narrow foot compared to other types, but with wide outer width of the foot. Type 3 showed short feet, low heels, narrow feet, but slanted sides, and Type 4 showed type A with long feet, high heels, thick and wide feet or a combination of toes.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.37.2-38
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• 2015

According to the unified model of AGNs, type 1 and 2 AGNs are intrinsically the same objects but seem different due to an obscuring matter which can block lights from the central engine of the AGN depending on the viewing angle. The obscuring object is thought to be shaped in a toroidal form and thus the geometry of tori of AGNs is an important factor to determine the fraction of type 1 (or type 2) AGNs. Oh et al. (2015) provides a new catalog of type 1 AGNs from SDSS DR7 in the nearby universe (z < 0.2) and it contains nearly 50% more type 1 AGNs than previously known. Using this new catalog, we test the fraction of type 1 AGNs along the black hole mass (MBH) and the bolometric luminosity of AGNs (Lbol), which are regarded as key parameters of the AGNs. First of all, because the methods to derive the black hole mass and the bolometric luminosity bear uncertainties, we test how the different methods lead to different values of type 1 fraction. We found that the fraction of type 1 AGNs varies with both MBH and Lbol. The extensively-studied, "receding torus model" can only explain the trend along Lbol and hence fails to explain the trend. To understand the new trend, we test the geometry of the torus based on the "clumpy torus model". We present our results on the basic properties of the torus such as a column density or opening angle and compare with those from previous studies based on other wavelengths (e.g. Infrared or X-ray).

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

In this paper, we study rotation surfaces in a Euclidean space with pointwise 1-type Gauss map and obtain by the use of the concept of pointwise finite type Gauss map, a characterization theorem for rotation surfaces of constant mean curvature.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.180-190
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was intended to assess stress, depression and fatigue of nurses working for university hospitals and to reveal its association with the type A behavior pattern. Method: The self-administered questionnaires were given to 810 nurses employed in 4 participating hospitals located in Daejeon City. The questionnaire items included sociodemographic, job-related, and the type A behavior patterns as independent variables and the PWI, SDS and MFS as dependent variables. Result: The proportion of the type A behavior pattern was 24.3% of subjects, in the degree of stress, high risk stress group was 87.0%, in the degree of depression, normal group was 60.9%, in the degree of fatigue, high risk fatigue group was 48.6%. The degree of stress, depression, and fatigue were significantly higher in the type A behavior pattern group then the type B behavior pattern group. The type A behavior pattern was significant positive correlation with stress, depression, and fatigue. The degree of stress(OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.167-1.262), depression(OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.11-1.17) and fatigue (OR=1.1, 95%CI=1.04-1.06) were significantly higher for the type A then the type B behavior pattern group. Conclusion: The degree of stress, depression, and fatigue were significantly higher in the type A then the type B behavior pattern group.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1975

A knowledge of the wide ranges in shape of liver is important in the interpretation of hepatic scintigraphy as some variants may be easily confused with pathological abnormalities. In this study, the variations in shape in 250 cases of normal liver obtained by scintiphoto were categorized into 9 types by means of the arbitrary standard for classification. Following were the results; 1) Among 250 normal cases, type 5 was 118(47.2%) with the highest prevalence and type 3 was 2 (0.8%) with the lowest. 2) A high incidence of obesity was noted in type 1, type 4 and type 8. That of ideal weight was noted in type 2, type 5 type 6 and type 9. 3) A high ratio of cardiac impression in scintiphoto was noted in type 4, type 7 and type 8. That of square left lobe was noted in type 2, type 6 and type 9. Finally that of tailed left lobe was in type 4, type 7 and type 8.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2022

In order to facilitate the quantification in autumnal Hamamelidaceae leaves, a HPLC method was used for the determination of two chlorophyll catabolites and their isomers: bilin-type (1) and bilinone-type (2) ones. The separation was done on a RP-C4 column with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous-methanol at the flow-rate of 0.2 mL/min and detected at 244 nm. The quantity of bilin-type (1) and bilinone-type (2) chlorophyll catabolite isomers from ten species of Hamamelidaceae autumnal leaves methanol extracts: Corylopsis pauciflora, Corylopsis spicata, Forthergilla major, Hamamelis intermedia, Hamamelis japonicum, Hamamelis japonicum var. flavopurpurscens, Hamamelis virginiana, Parrotiopsis jacquemontiana, Parrotia persica and X Sycoparrotia semidecidua were from 0.85 mg/g ~ 57.50 mg/g for bilin-type isomers (1) and 3.40 mg/g ~ 49.30 mg/g for bilinone-type isomers (2). The results obtained gave insight in quantitative bilintype (1) and bilinone-type (2) chlorophyll catabolite composition of the Hamamelidaceae plant species autumnal leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

The Green Purification Unit System (GPUS) is a green infrastructure facility applicable to the roadside to reduce particulate matter from road traffic. This study introduces two types of GPUS (type1 and type2) and assesses the performance and maintenance costs of each of them. The GPUS's performance analysis used the data collected in November 2021 after the installation of the GPUS type1 and type2 at the study site in Suwon. The changes in the particulate matter concentration near the GPUS were measured. The maintenance cost of GPUS type1 and type2 was assessed by calculating the initial installation cost and the management and repair cost after installation. The results of the performance analysis showed that the GPUS type1, which was manufactured by combining plants and electric dust collectors, had a superior particulate matter reduction performance. In particular, type1 produced a greater effect of particulate matter reduction in the time with a high concentration (50㎍/m³ or higher) of particulate matter due to the operation of electric dust collectors. GPUS type2, which was designed in the form of a plant wall without applying an electric dust collector, showed lower reduction performance than type1 but showed sufficiently improved performance compared to the existing band green area. Meanwhile, the GPUS type1 had three times higher costs for the initial installation than GPUS type2. In terms of costs for managing and repairing, it was evaluated that type1 would be slightly more costly than type2. Finally, this study discussed the applicability of two types of GPUS based on the result of the analysis of their particulate matter performance and maintenance cost at the same time. Since GPUS type2 has a cheaper cost than type1, it could be more economical. However, in the area suffering a high concentration of particulate matter, GPUS type1 would be more effective than type2. Therefore, the choice of GPUS types should rely on the status of particulate matter concentration in the area where GPUS is being installed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.160-165
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• 2016

The rapidly developing applications of optical fiber in sensors, sensor system and super high speed optical communication have begun to produce tangible demands for optical coupler and connected WDM. we have designed and made Hopper type WDM (national patent NO:10-1502954). The Hopper type WDM is bi-directional $1{\times}3$ WDM of asymmetry Butt coupling for super high speed optical communication. The Hopper type WDM is used central wavelength of each 850nm,1300nm,1550nm. The Hopper type WDM has an excellent merits which the existing WDM and also it has an excellent signal of super high speed and economic in made. The characteristic of Hopper type WDM is superior in ave 0.02-0.03dB as compared with $1{\times}3$ optical coupler to excess loss. Especially, we can expect the utilization of super high speed optical MUX and also can be developed as the high-sensibility signal detected system in using optical sensor system parts.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.772-778
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• 1994

The pervaporation separation experiments of phenol-water mixtures were carried out by using Type 1 (PDMS : crosslinking agent= 1 : 0.25) and Type 2 (PDMS : crosslinking agent= 1 : 0.35) silicone rubber membranes at 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$. The phenol concentrations in the feed to be separated were 500 ppm to 5 wt%. Type 2 membranes were more efficient than Type 1 membranes for the separation of phenol-water mixtures. The phenol concentration of 70wt% was obtained for 5wt% of phenol concentration in the feed at $30^{\circ}C$ and 11wt% phenol concentration observed for 500ppm of phenol concentration in the feed at $30^{\circ}C$ by using Type 2 membranes.