• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to acquire basic materials to help the students Others of families in their homes through understanding them. This study was based on the questions asked to 100 students without parents in their homes and 100 students in standard homes. Percentage, T-test, counseling sample were used for statistical report. The following are the analysed results of this study. 1. Among the ten events, except for family life and economic problems, there were no distinguished contrasts between the students without parents in their homes and the students in standard homes. 2. The factors influencing stress are mainly plan for future, social environment, school life and learning and students without parents are especially affected by economic problem. 3. Comparing students without parents with one another in stress, the students without parents have economic problem and deficiency of affeetion, the students without father economic problem and their mothers health, the students without mother the difficulty of house affairs and emotional uneasiness of family. The students with step-mother have much misunderstasnding because of the lack of conversation among their family. The students with step-father hardly kconverse with their father and feel uneasy in family life. Based on all can be gailed these results, the following conclusion. 1) The students Other Types of families are stressed much more than the students in standard homes in family life and economic problems. 2) All Students are Stressed by bad environment, the plan of future, scholl and learning, 3) Comparing the Stubents without parents with one another, the students without parents have economics probem and deficiency of affeetion, the students without father economic problem and their mothers health, the students without mother house affairs and emotional uneasiness off family. The students of step-father and step-mother have the misuder standing by the lark of comversation, the deficiency of affection and the uneasiness off family life.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.171-185
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• 2017

This paper tried to examine the effect of the policy on companies' CSR activities and what kind of a role does CSR have in determining Customer Loyalty in Indonesia. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part is designed to find out whether the Indonesian government law has successfully made the companies perform better CSRs. We do this by using the ICGC Index of the companies registered and comparing their scores before and after the implementation of the policy. We will then use the paired sample t-test to find out if there is an increase in the overall scores of the companies and/or only the natural resource-related companies. The result showed an upward trend in the ICGC scores for all the companies which the Indonesian government law is intended to. In the second part, Manfred Schwaiger's components and parameters of corporate reputation was referred and used on Indonesian customers. We asked participants whether they think natural resource-related companies perform better CSRs and then we also tried to find out what factors really affect their loyalty towards companies or brands by conducting Multiple Regression Analysis. From the 4 factors that we have prepared, which consist of Performance, CSR, Quality and Attractiveness, Quality is the most influential towards determining our survey participants' Customer Loyalty. Surprisingly, CSR is insignificant in directly influencing Customer Loyalty. But, our research did find out that CSR does moderate Quality and Performance in their relationship with Customer Loyalty. Meaning that CSR has no effect in a direct relationship but it can increase the effect of Quality and Performance in determining Customer Loyalty. Unfortunately, CSR has no moderating effect in increasing the effect of Attractiveness towards Customer Loyalty.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is to analyse the job seeking stress, to see the relationship Between Job Seeking Stress and career decision-making self-efficacy in students of department of dental technology. Method: For this, the students of department of dental technology in daegu and daejeon and wonkwang university selected at May 2016. A question investigation was used in a entry method of self-estimation. Furthermore a total of 151 person was used as final analysis data. Statical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0. An analysis of frequency, two sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Multiple regression was used. Results: Firstly, personal expenses affected beneficially statistically the Job Seeking Stress(p<.05). Secondly, sex, Score, Major satisfaction, personal expenses affected beneficially statistically the career decision-making self-efficacy(p<.05). Thirdly, University environment and academic stress in the Job Seeking Stress affected beneficially statistically the career decision-making self-efficacy(choice target). Conclusion: The study found out that there was significant effect when increased to university environment and academic stress in Job Seeking Stress, the career decision-making self-efficacy was decreased. So the study proved that when helping students facing difficulties due to the career decision-making self-efficacy, it is important to decreased their university environment and academic stress.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) minimal stimulation protocol comparing with GnRH agonist combined long step down stimulation protocol in PCOS patients. Materials and Method: From Apr 2001 to May 2002, 22 patients (22 cycles) were performed in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using by GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist for PCOS patients. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) combined minimal stimulation protocol was administered in 10 patients (10 cycles, Study Group) and GnRH agonist long step down stimulation protocol was administered in 12 patients (12 cycles, Control Group). We compared the pregnancy rate/cycle, total FSH (A)/cycle, Retrieved oocyte/cycle, the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancy rate between the two groups. Student-t test were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: Group of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) minimal stimulation protocol produced fewer oocytes (6.4 versus 16.3 oocytes/cycle) using a lower dose of FSH (22.2 versus 36.1 Ample/cycle) and none developed OHSS and multiple pregnancy. Although the trends were in favour of the GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) protocol, the differences did not reach statistical significance. This was probably due to small sample size. Conclusion: The use of GnRH antagonist reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancy. We suggest that GnRH antagonist might be alternative controlled ovarian hyperstimulation method, especially in PCOS patients who will be ovarian high response.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

In this study, characteristics of cultural disposition and peer conflict resolution strategies and the relationship between cultural dispositions and peer conflict resolution strategies of elementary school children were investigated. In order to achieve this research purpose, the following research questions were established. First, what are the characteristics of cultural dispositions that children have? Second, what are the characteristics of conflict resolution strategies that children use? Third, what are the relationships between cultural dispositions and peer conflict resolution strategies? The subjects of this study were 564(283 male and 281 female) 5th and 6th graders. Research instruments used to collect data were INDCOL and Conflict Resolution Strategy Scale. Collected data were analyzed using Descriptives, t-test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Cross-tabs and Two-way ANOVA. As a whole, children strongly showed collectivistic pattern and there were no sex differences in terms of cultural dispositions. The distributions of styles were in the order of HC>VI>VC>HI. The distribution of conflict resolution strategies generally were in the order of integrating and compromising>Avoiding>Dominating>Obliging for total sample and there were significant sex differences in the styles of conflict resolution strategies. This study also found that there were significant correlations between cultural dispositions and conflict resolution strategies. integrating/compromising and dominating style were different according to cultural dispositions but there were no interactive effect of sex and cultural dispositions in conflict resolution strategies. Finally, the implications of this study on theory and practice were discussed and suggestions for further study were made.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to measure the service mind and customer orientation of employees and to identify the effect of service mind on customer orientation in elementary school foodservices. The questionnaires were distributed to foodservice employees of the 19 elementary schools, but collected from 12 schools in Gwangju, Gyeonggi. The statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS (ver. 18.0) for the independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, principal component analysis, hierarchical & K-means cluster analysis, Pearson' correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Foodservice employees highly rated their service mind (3.94 out of 5 points), especially their perceptions on the importance of service (4.13 points). The effort to provide service was significantly different depending on the serving place (P<0.05). Employees had a high level of customer orientation (4.02 points), which was significantly influenced by age, position, or career (P<0.05), and cook license (P<0.01). As a result of cluster analysis for service mind, employees were divided into two groups: a low-service mind group (cluster 1) and a high-service mind group (cluster 2). Cluster 2 had a significantly higher overall customer orientation than cluster 1 (P<0.001). The pride in providing services (${\beta}$=0.390, P<0.01) and the perception of the importance of services (${\beta}$=0.297, P<0.05) showed a significant and positive effect on customer orientation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to examine statistical methods used in articles published on the Korean Journal of Acupuncture from 2007 through 2012. Methods : Statistical methods and statistical packages used in original articles applied with descriptive statistics or inferential statistics were organized. Results : Out of a total of 195 original articles, 18 articles used descriptive statistics only and 177 articles used inferential statistics. 142 articles used 12 types of statistical packages. SPSS was used most at 97 times(63.4%). The number of descriptive statistical methods used was a total of 417 and among them 193 were presented as tables(46.3%) and 224 were presented as graphs(53.7%). The number of inferential statistics applied was a total of 256 and analysis of variance was used most at 90 times(35.2%). The number of parametric statistical methods used was a total of 170(75.6%) and that of nonparametric statistical methods used was a total of 55(24.4%). Analysis of variance and two sample t-test were most employed in both clinical and non-clinical research. The number of multiple comparison methods applied was a total of 67 and the number of Scheffe methods among them was most at 26 times(37.7%). Conclusions : In the present study, statistical methods used in the journal over the last six years were examined. The result of this study is considered to be a basic material to be referred to when evaluating the quality of the medical journal.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Purpose - With growing competition in the service distribution industry, the importance of managing customer complaints has increased. If firms handle customer complaints effectively, they can strengthen customer loyalty and repurchase intention. Many studies have focused on customers expressing complaints, yet research on silent customers is scant. This study focuses on two types of complainers and non-complainers. In other words, this study is to examine the value of voice complaint intention and no-action intention. This study also investigates how perceptual and relational factors affect complaint intention. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was carried out using the survey with undergraduate students who have faced a service failure in a retail store(fast foods, electronics, apparel). And if such complaint were to occur again, respondents were asked about any possible action they would take. 300 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 279 respondents provided complete and usable data. The sample consisted of 158 males(56.6%) and 121 females(43.4%). The structural equation modeling analysis was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The results are as follows. First, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were positively related to voice complaint intention. Second, attitude toward complaining, likelihood of successful complaint, and ease of complaint were negatively related to no-action intention. Third, commitment was positively related to voice complaint intention but didn't have a significant negative impact on no action. Forth, voice complaint behavior reduced switching intention and no-action intention enhanced switching intention. Conclusions - The findings of this study confirm the value of complaint behavior and show voice complaint intention and no-action intention should be managed differently. Voice complaint intention is evaluated positively because it reflects customers' concerns about the company, while no-action intention is evaluated negatively. Attitude toward complaing is the most effective in increasing voice complaint intention and likelihood of successful complaint is a major factor in reducing no-action intention. Also, in explaining switching intention, voice complaint intention plays a more important role than no-action intention.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.349-357
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the self-determination motivation on learning flow by college nursing students and the mediation effects of metacognition. A sample of 145 subjects were recruited from two university in G city. And data were collected from Nov 21 to Nov 30, 2016. Data were analyzed using with SPSS 22.0. The factors affecting the learning flow were self-determination motivation, planing and monitoring of metacognition, sex and explanatory power was 66.3%. All of the metacognition factors had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between self-determination motivation and learning flow. This study is to provide basic data to develop the nursing education method to improve learning flow in the field where self regulated learning is increasing.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2007

Statement of problem. Fracture of the tooth-colored superstructure material is one of the main prosthetic complications in implant-supported prostheses. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture strength between the cement-retained implant-supported metal-ceramic crowns and the indirect composite resinveneered metal crowns under the vertical compressive load. Material and methods. Standard implants of external type (AVANA IFR 415 Pre-mount; Osstem Co., Busan, Korea) were embedded in stainless steel blocks perpendicular to their long axis. Customized abutments were fabricated using plastic UCLA abutments (Esthetic plastic cylinder; Osstem Co., Busan, Korea). Thirty standardized copings were cast with non-precious metal (Rexillium III, Pentron, Walling ford, Conn., USA). Copings were divided into two groups of 15 specimens each (n = 15). For Group I specimens, metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated. For Group II specimens, composite resin-veneered (Sinfony, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) metal crowns (Sinfony-veneered crowns) were fabricated according to manufacturer's instructions. All crowns were temporary cemented and vertically loaded with an Instron universal testing machine (Instron 3366, Instron Corp., Norwood, MA, USA). The maximum load value (N) at the moment of complete failure was recorded and all data were statistically analyzed by independent sample t-test at the significance level of 0.05. The modes of failure were also investigated with visual analysis. Results. The fracture strength of Sinfony-veneered crowns ($2292.7{\pm}576.0N$) was significantly greater than that of metal-ceramic crowns ($1150.6{\pm}268.2N$) (P < 0.05). With regard to the failure mode, Sinfony-veneered crowns exhibited adhesive failure, while metal-ceramic crowns tended to fracture in a manner that resulted in combined failure. Conclusion. Sinfony-veneered crowns demonstrated a significantly higher fracture strength than that of metal-ceramic crowns in cement-retained implant-supported prostheses.