• 제목/요약/키워드: Two-point correlation

검색결과 515건 처리시간 0.029초

Effect of sintering programs and surface treatments on monolithic zirconia

  • Seren Nur Dokuzlu ;Meryem Gulce Subasi
    • The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 2024
  • PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of sintering programs and surface treatments on surface properties, phase transformation and flexural strength of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens were sintered using three distinct sintering programs [classic (C), speed (S), and superspeed (SS)] (n = 56, each). One sample from each group underwent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and grain size analysis following sintering. Remaining samples were divided into five subgroups (n = 11) based on the surface treatments: control (CL), polish (P), glaze (G), grind + polish (GP), and grind + glaze (GG). One sample from each subgroup underwent SEM analysis. Remaining samples were thermally aged. Monoclinic phase volume, surface roughness, and three-point flexural strength were measured. Monoclinic phase volume and surface roughness were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Flexural strength was analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. The relationships among the groups were analyzed using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS. Sintering program, surface treatment, and sintering × surface treatment (P ≤ .010) affected the monoclinic phase volume, whereas the type of surface treatment and sintering × surface treatment affected the surface roughness (P < .001). Type of sintering program or surface treatment did not affect the flexural strength. Weibull analysis revealed no significant differences between the m and σo values. Monoclinic phase volume was positively correlated with surface roughness in the SGG and SSP groups. CONCLUSION. After sintering monolithic zirconia in each of the three sintering programs, each of the surface treatments can be used. However, for surface quality and aging resistance, G or GG can be recommended as a surface finishing method.

A clinical perspective on the anatomical study of digastric muscle

  • Nandini Prashanth Bhat;Suhani Sumalatha;Ashwija Shetty;Sushma Prabhath
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.441-447
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    • 2023
  • One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

밭작물소비수량에 관한 기초적 연구 -토마토 및 가을배추- (Basic Studies on the Consumptive Use of Water Required for Dry Field Crops -Tomato and Chinese Cabbage-)

  • 김철기;김진한;최홍규
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.25-37
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    • 1988
  • The purpose of this study is to fmd out the bask data for irrigation plans of tomato and chinese cabbage during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficients of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum evapotranspiration, optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soji texture for split plot, and three levels, irrigation points with PF 1.8, PF 2.2, PF 2.6 for tomato and those with PF 1.9, PF 2.3, PF 2.7, for Chinese cabbage, soil textures of silty clay, sandy loam and sandy soil for both tomato and Chinese cabbage, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteoralogical factors considered. Therefore, the pan evaporation is enough to be used as a meteorological index measuring the quantity of evapotranspiration. 2. 1/10 probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for tomato and Chinese cabbage were shown as 355.8 mm and 233.0 mm, respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for tomato and Chinese cabbage, 68.0 mm and 43.8 mm, respectively. 3. The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can be occurred, exists at any stage of growing period for tomato, and at any growth stage till the late of Septemberfor Chinese cabbage. 4. The magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient for tomato and Chinese cabbage was occurred in the order of pF 1.8>pF 2.2>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7 respectively in aspect of irrigation point and of silty clay>sandy loam>sandy soil in aspect of soil texture. 5. 1/10 probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period of tomato were shown as 327.3 mm and 0.92 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 261.0 mm and 1.12 respectively. 6. The time that maximum evapotranspiration of tomato can be occurred is at the date of fortieth to fiftieth after transplanting and the time for Chinese cabbage is presumed to he in the late of septemben At that time, 1/10 probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for tomato is presumed to be 74.8 mm and 1.10 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 43.8 mm and 1.00. 7. In aspect of only irrigaton point, the weight of raw tomato and Chinese cabbage were mcreased in the order of pF 2.2>pF 1.8>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7, respectively but optimum irrigation point for tomato and Chinese cabbage, is presumed to be pF 2.6 - 2.7 if nonsignificance of the yield between the different irrigation treatments, economy of water, and reduction in labour of irrigaion are synthetically considered. 8. The soil moisture extraction patterns of tomato and Chinese cabbage have shown that maximum extraction rate exists at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth m any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates of 21 cm deep layer and 35 cm deep layer have shown tendency to be more increased in silty clay than in any other soils. 9. As optimum irrigation point is presumed to be pF Z6-2.7, total readily available moisture of tomato in silty clay, sandy loam and sandy sofl becomes to be 19.06 mm, 21.37 mm and 20.91 mm respectively while that of Chinese cabbage, 18.51 mm, 20.27 mm, 21.11 mm respectively. 10. On the basis of optimum irrigation point with pF 2.6 - 2.7 the intervals of irrigation date of tomato and Chinese cabbage at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use become to be three days and five days respectively.

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봉한학설에 대한 반박문헌의 타당성에 관한 고찰 (A Study on the Validity of Refuting Literature about the Bonghan theory)

  • 이상훈;장문희;소광섭;이병천;성백경;류연희
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.129-142
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    • 2010
  • Background : The Bonghan theory is a hypothesis on the anatomical structure of the acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system, or as a made-up story, for the past 40 years. Since 2002, Many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. Objective : The purpose of this study was to find out the validity of the refutation by reviewing the publications. Methods : Searches were made from online databases (Riss4u.net, Google.com, Sciencedirect.com, Pubmed.com, baidu.com, and ci.nii.ac.jp) from 1960 to 2009. The search terms that were used were "Bonghan," "Bong han," "봉한," "thread-like structure," "KИM БOH XaHOM", "CИCTEMA KEHPAK," "鳳漢," "鳳漢管," and "鳳漢学說." References from the searched publications were also used. Results : Since the 1960s, 107 publications were identified as related works, but only 11 publications sought to refute the Bonghan theory. Two publications were researches, and nine were reviews. In the analysis of the correlation of the arguments with the publication contents, it was found that the research of G. Kellner reviewed the Bonghan system properly but that V. V. Kosmatov did not classify the ear-reflex zone as a traditional acupuncture point. For the review publications, only two reviews contained proper arguments, but seven publications were identified as broad interpretations, wrong translations, etc. Moreover, the two proper reviews were grounded on the research of G. Kellner. Conclusions : We found that the scientific origin of the refutation of the Bonghan theory is only one research by G. Kellner. This result suggest that Bonghan theory was not discussed enough to determine the invention.

호스피스자원봉사자의 소진탄력성과 활동만족도 (Resilience to Burnout and Work Satisfaction of Hospice Volunteers)

  • 최순옥
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.147-156
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    • 2009
  • 목적: 호스피스 기관에서 봉사활동을 하고 있는 호스피스자원봉사자들의 소진탄력성과 봉사활동 만족도를 파악하기 위함이다. 방법: 부산광역시에 소재한 2개의 대학병원과 4개의 종합병원에서 정기적으로 자원봉사활동을 하고 있는 호스피스자원봉사자 235명을 대상으로 하였으며, 소진탄력성은 총 6개요인(전문적 역량, 성취와 보람, 일에 대한 가치와 신념, 좋은 팀워크, 구조적 뒷받침, 개인적 자원)들로 구성된 총 31문항의 5점 척도로, 활동만족도는 6문항의 5점 척도로 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 14.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Turkey 사후검정 및 Pearson's correlation coefficient로 분석하였다. 결과: 대상자의 소진탄력성 점수는 5점 만점에 3.59점이었다. 소진탄력성이 가장 낮았던 요인은 '성취와 보람'(3.36점)이었다. 소진 탄력성은 개신교군, 건강상태가 가끔 아픈 군, 기타 형태의 호스피스 기관에서 활동하는 군, 봉사기간이 1년 미만이나 3년 이상${\sim}$5년 미만군에서 상대적으로 낮았다. 대상자의 활동만족도는 5점 만점에 3.69점이었으며, 만족도가 가장 낮았던 문항은 '본인의 기술과 재능을 활용할 수 있어서 만족스럽다'였다. 활동만족도는 여성, 개신교군, 중학교 졸업군, 건강상태가 가끔 아픈 군, 기타 형태의 호스피스 기관에서 활동하는 군에서 상대적으로 낮았다. 소진탄력성과 활동만족도의 관계는 정 상관관계로 소진탄력성이 높을수록 활동만족도도 높았다. 결론: 호스피스자원봉사자들의 소진 탄력성과 활동만족도를 높이기 위해서는 '전문적 역량'과 '성취와 보람' 요인을 강화시킬 수 있는 지속적인 교육과 관리가 필요하다. 또한 호스피스자원봉사자는 비전문가로 업무수행과정에서 끊임없이 기관의 원조와 지지를 받아야 하므로 기관에서는 자원봉사자가 활동하기 편한 환경을 조성하고 자원봉사 활동에 대한 피드백과 인정 및 보상제도를 마련해야 한다고 생각한다. 또한 호스피스자원 봉사자들이 봉사활동을 지속할 수 있도록 하기위해 소진 탄력성과 활동만족도 점수가 낮아지는 시기의 집중적인 관리 방안이 요구된다.

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북서 지중해 Fos해역의 해양오염이 해양저서생물군집 Coralligenous Community에 미치는 영향 (Impact of the Pollution on the Benthic Community Environmental impact of the pollution on the benthic coralligenous community in the Gulf of Fos, northwestern Mediterranean)

  • 홍재상
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.273-290
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    • 1983
  • 북서 지중해 Fos 해역에서의 해양 오염이 해양 저서 생들에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 Fos 지역의 해저에 발달하고 있는 저서생물군집 Coralligenous Community의 공간분포를 군집생태학적 측면에서 분석하였다. Fos 임해공업단지의 영향하에 있는 3개의 정점을 환경구배에 따라 설정하고(Arnette, Laurons, Auguette)마르세이유 동남쪽 Riou섬 서편 Moyade에 한 개의 대조정점을 택하여 분석한 결과 오염이 심한, Fos 해역의 내만으로 들어갈수록 출현종의 수나 개체수가 감소하는 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 종의 다양도, numerical abundance, 다양성 지수 등의 생태학적 제 지수도 오염의 진전에 따라 함께 감소하고 있다. 특히 Fos 해역 가장 안 쪽에 위치하고 있는 Auguette 정점은 인근 대단위 Fos 공업단지의 산업폐수는 물론 도시의 생활하수로부터 심각할 정도로 영향을 받고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이렇게 선업 폐수와 도시 하수가 복합적으로 작용하여 해양 저서생물에 미치는 영향을 Community Composition, Coralligenous Community 특유의 기능적 측면, 생태군별에 의한 분석 등을 통하여 조사하였다. 기타 Fourfold Point Correlation Coefficient와 Jaccard's Community Coefficient를 이용하여 정점간의 종류사도를 비교 검토하였으며 Coralligenous Community의 하부동물상과의 관계도 아울러 고찰하였다.

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컴퓨터를 이용한 치아크기 계측시 재현도와 정확도에 관한 연구 (Reproducibility and accuracy of tooth size measurements obtained by the use of computer)

  • 김은정;황현식
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.563-573
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구는 치아크기 측정시 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 계측치와 석고모형을 촬영하여 컴퓨터를 사용한 계측치를 서로 비교함으로써 석고모형 분석시 컴퓨터 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 치아밀집치열 특징을 지니며 모든 치아의 맹출이 완료된 상하악 20조의 석고 모형의 좌측 중절치부터 제 1대구치까지 12개의 치아를 대상으로 하여, 각 치아의 근원심폭경을 버니어 캘리퍼스와 컴퓨터를 이용하여 2주 간격으로 2회 측정하여 실험측정치를 얻은 다음, 측정에 이용된 석고모형을 근원심접촉점 부위에서 개개치아로 분리한 후, 마이크로미터를 이용하여 측정한 표준치와 비교분석하였다. 계측시 오차의 원인을 알아보기 위하여 상하악의 occlusogram을 얻어 각 치아의 접촉점 이탈유무 및 정도를 구하고, TARG (Torque Angulation Reference Guide)를 이용하여 각 치아의 근원심경사도를 계측한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2회 측정에 대한 재현도 비교시 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 12 개 치아 중 3개의 치아에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 컴퓨터의 경우에는 1 개의 치아에서 차이가 나타났다. 2. 치아크기 계측의 정확도를 알아보기 위하여 표준치와 비교한 결과, 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 12개 중 3개의 치아에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며 컴퓨터의 경우에는 12 개 중 2 개의 치아에서 차이가 나타났다. 3. 버니어 캘리퍼스를 사용한 경우 상악 제 1 대구치는 표준치에 비해 크게, 하악 제 1 대구치는 표준치에 비해 작게 재는 경향을 보였으며 컴퓨터의 경우 상하 제 1 대구치 모두 표준치에 비해 크게 재는 경향을 보였다. 4. 버니어 캘리퍼스로 계측시에는 하악 제 1 대구치가 가장 큰 오차를 보였으며 치아별로 오차정도가 다양하게 나타난 반면, 컴퓨터의 경우 치아별 오차정도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 5. 접촉점 이탈정도 및 치관의 근원심 경사도와 오차정도의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 버니어 캘리퍼스로 측정한 경우 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나 컴퓨터로 계측한 경우 약한 순상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 모형분석을 위한 치아크기 계측시 컴퓨터 이용이 가능함을 시사하였다.

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자궁강내 근접방사선조사시 인체조직등가 팬톰을 이용한 방사선량 측정 (Measurement of Radiation Using Tissue Equivalent Phantom in ICR Treatment)

  • 장홍석;서태석;윤세철;유미령;박용휘;신경섭
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1995
  • 자궁경부암환자에서 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 선원 배열에 따른 선량분포와 임상적으로 중요한 표식점인 A 및 B점 선량값에 대한 정확성을 평가하기 위하여 조직등가 팬톰을 제작하고 필름선량계측법을 적용하여 측정한 후, 이를 along-away에 의한 계산과 전산화치료계획장치에 의한 값과 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 치료상태를 그대로 묘사할 수 있게 아크릴과 물을 이용하여, 인체조직등가 팬톰을 제작한 후 자궁경부암의 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사를 시행하는 것과 똑같이 Fletcher-Suit-Delclos applicator 를 삽입하였다. Tandem 에 $15.7mg\;Ra-eq$의 방사능을 가진 $^{137}Cs$ tube를 2cm 간격으로 3개 주입한 후, A점에 해당되는 단면에 수직방향과 평행방향으로 각각 필름을 팬톰 간극에 삽입하였고, 또한 팬톰표면의 방사선량분포측정을 위하여 팬톰표면을 필름으로 감싸서, 1시간 조사하였다. 필름에 현상된 음영을 필름농도계를 이용하여 농도분포를 측정하여, A점에 대한 방사선량을 환산하였고, 전체적인 선량분포도를 얻었다. 이러한 측정값과 전산화치료계획장치를 이용하여 얻은 A점 값, along-away 표에 의한 A점 선량을 비교하였고, 필름에 의한 선량분포와 컴퓨터에 의한 선량분포를 서로 비교하였다. 결과 : A점에 대한 필름 측정치는 시간당 51.2cGy였고, 전산화치료계획장치에 의한 계산값은 시간당 46.7cGy, along-away 표에 의한 값은 시간당 47.9 cGy여서 약 10% 이내로 비교적 일치하였다. 필름을 계측하여 얻은 선량분포와 전산화치료계획장치의 계산에 의한 선량분포는 비슷한 모습을 보여 주었다. 결른 : 본 연구에서 아크릴과 물을 이용하여, 간단하고 경제적인 방법으로 인체조직등가팬톰을 제작할 수 있었고, 이러한 간단한 팬톰을 이용하여 비교적 효과적으로 자궁강내 근접 방사선조사시 사용하는 밀봉선원인 $^{137}Cs$ tube 의 선량에 대한 품질검사는 물론, 전산화치료계획장치를 이용한 값과 이론적인 식을 바탕으로 수작업으로 계산한 값, 그리고 실험으로부터 구한 실측값을 비교 검토함으로써 치료계획의 신뢰성을 확인할 수 있었다.

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전치부 개방교합을 동반한 골격성 제3급 부정교합 환자에 대한 양측 하악지 시상분할 골절단술후 안정성에 관한 임상적 분석 (CLINCAL ANALYSIS OF SKELETAL STABILITY AFTER BSSRO FOR CORRECTION OF SKELETAL CLASS III MALOCCLUSION PATIENTS WITH ANTERIR OPEN BITE)

  • 김현수;권대근;이상한;김진수;강동화;장현중
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.152-161
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to patients visited oral maxillo-facial surgery, KNUH and the purpose of the study was to assess skeletal and dento-alveolar stability after surgical-orthodontic correction treated by skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite versus non-open bite. This retrospective study was based on the examination of 40 patient, 19 males and 21 females, with a mean age 22.3 years. The patients were divided into two groups based on open bite and non-open bite skeletal Class III malocclusion patients. The cephalometric records of 40 skeletal Class III malocclusion patients (open bite: n = 18, non-open bite: n = 22) were examined at different time point, i.e. before surgery(T1), immediately after surgery(T2), one year after surgery(T3). Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed in 40 patients. Rigid internal fixation was standard method used in all patient. Through analysis and evaluation of the cephalometric records, we were able to achieve following results of post-surgical stability and relapse. 1. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in maxillary occlusal plane angle of pre-operative stage(p>0.05). 2. Mean vertical relapses of skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite were $0.02{\pm}1.43mm$ at B point and $0.42{\pm}1.56mm$ at Pogonion point. In skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with non-open bite, $0.12{\pm}1.55mm$ at B point and $0.08{\pm}1.57mm$ at Pogonion point. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in vertical relapse(p>0.05). 3. Mean horizontal relapses of skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with open bite were $1.22{\pm}2.21mm$ at B point and $0.74{\pm}2.25mm$ at Pogonion point. In skeletal Class III malocclusion patients with non-open bite, $0.92{\pm}1.81mm$ at B point and $0.83{\pm}2.11mm$ at Pogonion point. There was no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in horizontal relapse(p>0.05). 4. There were no significant statistical differences between open bite and non-open bite with skeletal Class III malocclusion patients in post-surgical mandibular stability(p>0.05). and we believe this is due to minimized mandibular condylar positional change using mandibular condylar positioning system and also rigid fixation using miniplate 5. Although there was no significant relapse tendency observed at chin points, according to the Pearson correlation analysis, the mandibular relapse was influenced by the amount of vertical and horizontal movement of mandibular set-back(p=0.05, r>0.304).

Hybrid-clustering game Algorithm for Resource Allocation in Macro-Femto HetNet

  • Ye, Fang;Dai, Jing;Li, Yibing
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.1638-1654
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    • 2018
  • The heterogeneous network (HetNet) has been one of the key technologies in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) with growing capacity and coverage demands. However, the introduction of femtocells has brought serious co-layer interference and cross-layer interference, which has been a major factor affecting system throughput. It is generally acknowledged that the resource allocation has significant impact on suppressing interference and improving the system performance. In this paper, we propose a hybrid-clustering algorithm based on the $Mat{\acute{e}}rn$ hard-core process (MHP) to restrain two kinds of co-channel interference in the HetNet. As the impracticality of the hexagonal grid model and the homogeneous Poisson point process model whose points distribute completely randomly to establish the system model. The HetNet model based on the MHP is adopted to satisfy the negative correlation distribution of base stations in this paper. Base on the system model, the spectrum sharing problem with restricted spectrum resources is further analyzed. On the basis of location information and the interference relation of base stations, a hybrid clustering method, which takes into accounts the fairness of two types of base stations is firstly proposed. Then, auction mechanism is discussed to achieve the spectrum sharing inside each cluster, avoiding the spectrum resource waste. Through combining the clustering theory and auction mechanism, the proposed novel algorithm can be applied to restrain the cross-layer interference and co-layer interference of HetNet, which has a high density of base stations. Simulation results show that spectral efficiency and system throughput increase to a certain degree.