• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.708-718
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• 1996

The microstructure and electrical properties of the nonlinear ZnO varistor with A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions is investigated. The variation of nonlinear behavior with A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions is indicated from J-E and C-V measurement to be a result of the change of the interface defects density $N_{t}$ at the grain boundaries and the donor concentration $N_{d}$ in the ZnO grains. The optimum composition which has the nonlinear coefficients of -57 was observed in the sample with 0.005wt% A1$_{2}$ $O_{3}$ additions. The conduction mechanism at the pre-breakdown region is consistent with a Schottky thermal emission process obeying a relation given by $J^{\var}$exp[-(.psi.-.betha. $E^{1}$2/)kT] and the conduction process at the breakdown region follows a Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism of the form $J^{\var}$exp(-.gamma./E).

• 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2019

This case study presented a simplified failure mechanism approach used as a preliminary deformation prediction for the Mexico City's metro system expansion. Because of the Mexico City's difficult subsoils, Line 12 project was considered one of the most challenging projects in Mexico. Mexico City's subsurface conditions can be described as a multilayered stratigraphy changing from soft high plastic clays to dense to very dense cemented sands. The Line 12 trajectory crossed all three main geotechnical Zones in Mexico City. Starting from to west of the City, Line 12 was projected to pass through very dense cemented sands corresponding to the Foothills zone changing to the Transition zone and finalizing in the Lake zone. Due to the change in the subsurface conditions, different constructions methods were implemented including the use of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method), and cut-and-cover using braced Diaphragm walls for the underground section of the project. Preliminary crown and excavation front deformations were determined using a simplified failure mechanism prior to performing finite element modeling and analysis. Results showed corresponding deformations for the crown and the excavation front to be 3.5cm (1.4in) and 6cm (2.4in), respectively. Considering the complexity of Mexico City's difficult subsoil formation, construction method selection becomes a challenge to overcome. The use of a preliminary results in order to have a notion of possible deformations prior to advanced modeling and analysis could be beneficial and helpful to select possible construction procedures.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2008년도 정보통신설비 학술대회
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• pp.211-217
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• 2008

현재 무선 환경에서 이동성을 제공하려는 노력은 다양한 계층의 프로토콜에서 활발히 진행이 되고 있으며 이중에서도 IP 서브넷이 변경 되어도 이동성이 제공 가능한 IP 이동성 기술이 다양한 계층의 이동성 프로토콜 중에서도 가장 활발히 연구가 이루어지고 있다. IP 이동성 기술은 Mobile IP(MIP)가 나온 이후에 핸드오버 지연을 개선한 Hierarchical MIP 및 Fast MIP 등 다양한 타입으로 확장되어 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 그러나 MIP의 경우는 단말에 MIP Client 스택이 탑재 되어야 하고 단말의 전력 소모 및 HO 지연 크다는 단점 등으로 인하여 기술이 활성화되는데 한계성을 지녀 왔다. 따라서 최근에는 이를 개선한 Proxy MIP 관련 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있으며 또한 IP 계층 이동성 기술만으로는 성능 개선에 한계가 있다고 보고 다양한 계층의 이동성 기술과 연동을 하려는 시도도 동시에 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 타 계층에서 제공되는 MIH 프로토콜 기능을 활용하여 802.11 WLANs 환경에 Proxy MIPv4를 적용하여 이동성을 제공 시 발생하는 핸드오버 지연 요소를 최소화 하였다. 제안된 메커니즘은 MIH가 제공하는 Event, Command, Information 서비스를 활용하여 단말이 새로운 Target 망에 접속하기 이전에 인증 Key 교환 기법을 통해 핸드오버 시 발생하는 인증 지연을 최소화하였으며 추가적으로 Inter-AP간 Tunneling 및 Forwarding 기법을 적용하여 핸드오버 시 발생되는 Packet 손실을 최소화 하는 성능 향상 방안을 제안하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.1187-1194
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• 2011

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of $CF_3CH_2CHO$ + OH has been studied theoretically by dual-level direct dynamics method. Two stable conformers, trans- and cis-$CF_3CH_2CHO$, have been located, and there are four distinct OH hydrogen-abstraction channels from t-$CF_3CH_2CHO$ and two channels from c-$CF_3CH_2CHO$. The required potential energy surface information for the kinetic calculation was obtained at the MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The rate constants, which were calculated using improved canonical transitionstate theory with small-curvature tunneling correction (ICVT/SCT) were fitted by a four-parameter Arrhenius equation. It is shown that the reaction proceeds predominantly via the H-abstraction from the -CHO group over the temperature range 200-2000 K. The calculated rate constants were in good agreement with the experimental data between 263 and 358 K.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.318-322
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• 1997

The (Sr$_{l-x}$.Ca$_{x}$)TiO$_3$(0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.2) ceramics were fabricated to form semiconducting ceramics by sintering at about 1350[$^{\circ}C$] in a reducing atmosphere($N_2$gas). After being fired in a reducing atmosphere, metal oxides, CuO, was painted on the both surface of the specimens to diffuse to the grain boundary. They were annealed at 1100[$^{\circ}C$] for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature. The grain boundary was composed of the continuous insulating layers. The capacitance changes slowly and almost linearly in the temperature region of -30~+85[$^{\circ}C$]. The capacitance characteristics appears a stable value within $\pm$10[%]. The conduction mechanism of the specimens observed in the temperature range of 25~125[$^{\circ}C$], and is divined into three regions haying different mechanism as the current increased: the region I below 230[V/cm] shows the ohmic conduction. The region II can be explained by the Poole-Frenkel emission theory, and the region III is dominated by the tunneling effect.ect.

• 한국터널공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국터널공학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.87-104
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• 2005

Rock masses represent natural systems that are inherently complex and in which multiple mechanisms occur. Rock engineering systems such as tunnel and slope interact with surrounding systems through an exchange of both mass and energy. Accordingly the complex nature of rock masses calls for a system approach, and the open nature of rock engineering even requires the engineering to be controlled by a system approach for surrounding environments. However, traditional methods cannot take all variables and their interactions into account and are limited to the system with single mechanisms. Therefore, they are not proper for a complex and open system, and also cannot portray the whole system. Thus, a system approach is indispensable to rock engineering for dealing with the whole of a complex and open system. In this paper Mechanism Path Analysis Methodology (MPAM) Is Introduced for a system approach to rock engineering. The analysis by the methodology gives us all the information of systems behavior in the context of the whole system in order to accomplish the optimum design in accordance with the project objectives and analysis purposes. As an application a conventional model for the evaluation of TBM tunneling performance system is analyzed by MPAM and the result is compared with that by a traditional method.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2000

The (S $r_{0.85}$C $a_{0.15}$) Ti $O_3$(SCT) thin films are deposited on Pt-coated electrode (Pt/TiN/ $SiO_2$/Si) using RF sputtering method at various deposition temperature. The crystallinity of SCT thin films were increased with increase of deposition temperature in the temperature range of 200~500[$^{\circ}C$]. Also, the composition of SCT thin films were closed to stoichiometry (1.080~1.111 in A/B ratio). V-I characteristics of SCT thin films show the increasing leakage current with the increases of deposition temperature. The conduction mechanism of the SCT thin films observed in the temperature range of 25~100[$^{\circ}C$] can be divided into four regions with different mechanism by the increasing current. The region I below 0.8[MV/cm]shows the ohmic conduction. The region II between 0.9~2[MV/cm] is in proportion to J∝ $E^{1.5}$ , the region III between 2~4[MV/cm] can be explained by the Child’s law, and the region IV above 4[MV/cm]is dominated by the tunneling effect.ect.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2002

이동망에서의 서비스 품질은 중요한 망 설계 요소중의하나이다. 특히, All-IP망에서 VoIP와 같은 실시간 응용은 망 링크간에 이동 호스트의 전이시 발생할 수 있는 패킷 손실을 최소로하는 smooth handoff가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 MH가 All-IP를 지원하는 다른 망으로 이동시에 패킷 손실을 줄일 수 있는 동적 버퍼링 기반의 새로운 멀티캐스트 알고리즘을 제안한다. 새로운 프로토콜의 핵심 요소는 동적 버퍼링과 멀티캐스트 데이터그램 전달 경로를 줄이기 위해 멀티캐스트 라우팅 에이젼트(MRA) 개념을 도입한 것이다. 제안된 프로토콜은 짧은 라우팅 경로 및 이동 호스트에 근접한 노드에서 이동 호스트로의 직접 데이터그램 전송을 통하여 성능 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.604-613
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• 2003

RFC2766에 정의된 NAT-PT(Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation)는 IPv6 디바이스들이 IPv4 디바이스들과 서로 통신할 수 있도록 제공된 IPv4/IPv6 변환 메커니즘이다. 그러나 NAT-PT는 IPSec의 주요 목적인 종단간 보안을 제공하기 못하는 제약을 가지고 있으므로 기밀성, 인증, 무결성과 같은 보안 서비스를 제공하지 못한다. 이 논문에서는 IPSec 보안 서비스를 제공하기 위한 SNAT-PT(Secure NAT-PT)와 이를 기반으로 동작하는 보안 호스트 구조를 제안한다. 그리고 제안된 구조에서 종단간 IPSec 프로토콜이 동작함을 보이기 위하여 더미(dummy) IP헤더를 이용한 터널링 기법을 제시한다.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

In this paper, in order to investigate the behavior of charged particles on (Sr.Ca)TiO$_{3}$ ceramics with paraelectric properties, the characteristics of electrical conduction and thermally stimulated current was measured respectively. As a result, the conduction mechanism is divided into three regions having different mechanism as the current increased. The region I below 200[V/Cm] shows the ohmic conduction. The region B between 200[V/cm] and 2000[V/cm] can be explained by the Poole-Frenkel emission theory, and the region III above 2000[V/cm] is dominated by the tunneling effect. The three peaks of TSC were obtained at the temperature of -20[.deg. C], 20[.deg. C] and 80[.deg. C], respectively. The origins of these peaks are that the .alpha. peak observed at -20[.deg. C] looks like to be ascribed to the ionization excitation from donor level in the grain, and the .alpha.' peak observed at 20 [.deg. C] appears to show up by hopping conduction of the trapped carrier of border between the oxidation layer and the grain, and the .betha. peak observed at 80[.deg. C] seems to be resulted from hopping conduction of existing carrier in the trap site of the border between the oxidation and second phase.