• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.501-503
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• 2008

This paper presents the design of a 2.4 GHz low phase noise fully integrated LC Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator (VCO) in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The VCO is without any tail bias current sources for a low phase noise and, in which differential varactors are adopted for the symmetry of the circuit. At the same time, the use of differential varactors pairs reduces the tuning range, i.e., the frequency range versus VTUNE, so that the phase noise becomes lower. The simulation results show the achieved phase noise of -138.5 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset, while the VCO core draws 3.9mA of current from a 1.8V supply. The tuning range is from 2.28GHz to 2.55 GHz.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.466-476
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• 2021

Frequency-multiplication technology based on microwave photonic principles can be used to generate microwave and millimeter wave signals with a wide frequency tuning range. However, the existing cascaded external modulation frequency-tupling scheme needs to ensure the phase coherence of the modulated Radio Frequency (RF) signal, while the phase modulation directly limits the frequency tuning range of the external modulation frequency multiplication. In this paper, a novel approach for generating an incoherent frequency 12-tupling signal with cascade modulation is proposed. The structure of cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators can generate a frequency 12-tupling signal. The proposed structure uses no filter or phase control of the RF driving signal. Microwave photonic frequency-tupling was realized under incoherent conditions. Software simulations and experiments validated the proposed structure and proved that it can generate frequency 12-tupling microwave signals under incoherent conditions. Both the frequency range and reliability of the frequency-tupling system has been improved by the proposed structure.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.614-621
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• 2011

This paper presents design of a wide tuning range digitally controlled oscillator(DCO) for Mobile-DTV applications. DCO is the key element of the ADPLL block that generates oscillation frequencies. We proposed a binary delay chain(BDC) structure, for wide tuning range DCO, modifying conventional fixed delay chain. The proposed structure generates oscillation frequencies by delay cell combination which has a variable delay time of $2^i$ in the range of $0{\leq}i{\leq}n-1$. The BOC structure can reduce the number of delay cells because it make possible to select delay cell and resolution. We simulated the proposed DCO by Cadence's Spectre RF tool in 1.8V chartered $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. The simulation results showed 77MHz~2.07GHz frequency range and 3ps resolution. The phase noise yields -101dBc/Hz@1MHz at Mobile-DTV maximum frequency 1675MHz and the power consumption is 5.87mW. The proposed DCO satisfies Mobile-DTV standards such as ATSC-M/H, DVB-H, ISDB-T, T-DMB.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.54-59
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• 2007

In this paper, broadband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using electronically controlled metamaterial transmission line based on varactor-loaded split-ring resonator (VLSRR) is presented. First, it is demonstrated that VLSRR coupled to microstrip line can lead to metamaterial transmission line with tuning capability. The negative effective permeability is provided by the VLSRR in a narrow band above the resonant frequency, which can be bias controlled by virtue of the presence of varactor diodes. The VCO with 1.8 V power supply has phase noise of $-108.84\;{\sim}\;-106.84\;dBc/Hz$ @ 100 Hz in the tuning range, $5.47\;{\sim}\;5.84\;GHz$. The figure of merit (FOM) called power-frequency-tuning-normalized (PFTN) is 20.144 dB.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.518-526
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• 2008

The fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is a PID controller with a fuzzy logic mechanism for tuning its gains on-line. In this structure, the proportional, integral and derivative gains are tuned on-line with respect to the change of the output of system under control. This paper deals with two types of fuzzy self-tuning PID controllers, rule-based fuzzy PID controller and learning fuzzy PID controller. As a medical application of fuzzy PID controller, the proposed controllers were implemented and evaluated in a laparoscopic surgery robot system. The proposed fuzzy PID structures maintain similar performance as conventional PID controller, and enhance the position tracking performance over wide range of varying input. For precise approximation, the fuzzy PID controller was realized using the linear reasoning method, a type of product-sum-gravity method. The proposed controllers were compared with conventional PID controller without fuzzy gain tuning and was proved to have better performance in the experiment.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2005

The InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor(HBT) monolithic voltage-controlled dielectric resonator oscillator(VCDRO) is first demonstrated for a Ku-band low noise block down-converter(LNB) system. The on-chip voltage control oscillator core employing base-collector(B-C) junction diodes is proposed for simpler frequency tuning and easy fabrication instead of the general off-chip varactor diodes. The fabricated VCDRO achieves a high output power of 6.45 to 5.31 dBm and a wide frequency tuning range of ]65 MHz( 1.53 $\%$) with a low phase noise of below -95dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset and -115 dBc/Hz at ] MHz offset. A]so, the InGaP/GaAs HBT monolithic DRO with the same topology as the proposed VCDRO is fabricated to verify that the intrinsic low l/f noise of the HBT and the high Q of the DR contribute to the low phase noise performance. The fabricated DRO exhibits an output power of 1.33 dBm, and an extremely low phase noise of -109 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and -131 dBc/Hz at ] MHz offset from the 10.75 GHz oscillation frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new varactor coupled line structure and design the VCO using the proposed structure. The proposed coupled line structure removes the reflected signals from the varactor diode using an added $\lambda$/4 transmission line. The frequency synthesizers are designed using the PLL technique at Ku-band. The synthesizer using the proposed coupled structure has 38 MHz frequency tuning range and -97 dBc/Hz phase noise characteristic at 100 KHz offset frequency. The measured results show improved tuning range as well as the improved phase noise characteristics compared to the conventional designs.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2011

Common-path interferometers are widely used for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) because an arbitrary arm length can be chosen for the endoscopic imaging probe. However, the scheme suffers from the limited range of the sample position distance from the end of the imaging probe because the position between the reference reflector and the sample is limited by the optical path-length difference (OPD) to induce an interference signal. In this study, we developed a novel method for compensating the arbitrary sample position in common-path swept-source OCT by adding an extra Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the post-path of the interfered optical signal. Theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration of imaging depth tuning for the flexible sample position of an endoscopic OCT image are discussed. After post-tuning of sample position distance, the positioning limitation between the reference reflector and the sample can be solved for various sample positions over a range of 26 mm for the cross-sectional images of a fish eye sample.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.174-184
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• 2001

Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser can be tuned by causing a resonance on the optical path having the least loss which is controlled by a polarization adjustment. It is observed that lasing wavelengths having 1 nm FSR(Free Spectral Range) can be tuned over the range of 1540~1560 nm when a polarization controller and an intra-cavity polarizer are adjusted. The tuning mechanism can be expected by analyzing the characteristics of the laser output using an optical path model and the concept of a birefringence loss. It is found that the constructive interference between longitudinal modes of different optical paths may cause wavelength tuning in the fiber ring laser.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.450-455
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• 1997

A pulsed Ti:sapphire laser with a Z-folded cavity, which was pumped by a freqeuncy-doubled Nd:YAG laser, was developed. It shows 120 nm wavelength tuning range from 740 nm to 860 nm with 90 nm FWHM under a pumping energy of 3 mJ with 18% output coupler. Using a birefringent filter, the effective efficiency was improved about 10 times compare to without a birefringent filter. The output energy obtained was $\365mu$Jwith 4 nm FWHM. And the wavelength tuning range was broadened to about 160 nm within an output energy fluctuation of $\pm$10%.