• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

The anti-melanogenic activity of 259 actinomycete strains was tested, and based on the results for the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and the reduction in melanin content, Micromonospora sp. JCS1 and JCS7 were selected as the strains with the highest anti-melanogenic potential. The activity-guided fractionation of extracts from JCS1 and JCS7 led to the isolation of the dipeptides cyclo(ʟ-Phenyl alanine (Phe)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Tryptophan (Trp)-ʟ-Proline (Pro)) (2). These two compounds were tested for their inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by monitoring ʟ-DOPA levels and melanin production. Cyclo(ʟ-Phe-ʟ-Pro) (1) and cyclo(ʟ-Trp-ʟ-Pro) (2) were thus confirmed to have the potential for use in functional whitening cosmetics containing actinomycete-derived secondary metabolites.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2009

연구배경: Uteroglobin (UG)은 폐를 비롯한 우리 몸의 대부분의 표피세포에서 생성되는 면역조절능을 가진 분비단백이다. UG의 과발현은 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2의 발현의 감소 및 암세포의 성장억제와 관련이 있다. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)는 kynurenine pathway를 통해 tryptophan을 이화시키는 효소로서, 국소적으로 tryptopha을 고갈시키고 tryptophan 대사물을 생성 함으로써 T 세포의 면역반응을 억제시키는 데 기여한다. 방 법: 본 연구에서는 여러 비소세포폐암 세포주, 특히 A549에서 COX-2와 IDO의 발현양상 및 UG transduction 이 COX-2 및 IDO의 발현에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 결 과: A549와 H460에서 구조적으로 COX-2와 IDO가 모두 발현되었고, COX-2 및 IDO의 발현은 UG transduction에 의해 감소되었다. A549에 IFN-$\gamma$를 투여했을때 COX-2 및 IDO의 발현이 약간 증가하였고, 이는 UGtransduction 시행 후 다시 감소하였다. 그러나, A549에 UG transduction 시행하여 감소된 COX-2, IDO의 발현은 IFN-$\gamma$ 투여 후에도 증가하지 않았다. A549 COX-2 sense와 A549 COX-2 anti-sense (siRNA 감염) 세포주 모두에서 COX-2의 발현여부와 상관없이 IDO가 발현되었고, UG transduction으로 인해 IDO의 발현이 감소하였다. 결 론: 이러한 결과는 UG의 세포성장억제 기능이 COX-2를 통한 기전과는 독립적으로 IDO의 면역관용 기전과 관련될 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2023

Objectives : It was conducted to experimentally analyze the effects of acupuncture treatment at CV12, ST25, and ST36 on weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome changes in the general diet rat and the high-fat diet rat. Methods : It was classified into four groups: general diet & non-treatment group (ND), general diet & acupuncture treatment group (ND+AT), high-fat diet & non-treatment group (HFD), and high-fat diet & acupuncture treatment group (HFD-AT). After acupuncture treatment was performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36, changes in body weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome were analyzed. Results : Compared to the ND group, acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36 in the ND+AT group had no significant effect. Compared to the HFD group, CV12, ST25, and ST36 acupuncture in the HFD+AT group reduced weight, fat weight, inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression, and lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissue. Acupuncture can promote fat metabolism and relieve inflammatory conditions. Differences in diversity between ND and HFD groups were clear in changes in microbiome, fecal metabolites, and serum metabolites. As a result of some microbiome and metabolites involved in fat decomposition, intestinal lipid absorption, and blood lipid concentration control, such as Intestinimonas, Ruminococcus 1, pyroglutamic acid, tryptophan, and inositol, it was observed that the acupuncture treatment effect was evident in the disease-induced imbalance. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, ST36 clearly observed various regulatory actions on obesity induced by high-fat diet, confirming that the action of acupuncture treatment mainly plays a role in controlling an unbalanced state.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2020

소변은 쉽게 채취할 수 있으며 체내의 상태를 파악하기에 좋은 시료라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2주간의 한식 섭취 후 변화된 소변 유기산 지표를 찾을 수 있었다. 그 결과 에너지 대사와 관련 있는 대사산물인 succinate, hydroxymethylglutarates 뿐만 아니라 tryptophan 대사물로써 신경전달 물질대사 지표인 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, 비타민 B6, 염증, 면역과도 관련이 있는 kynurenate, 장내세균과 관련 있는 indican이 한식의 섭취를 통해 유의한 차이로 변화하는 것을 확인하여 한식의 효능이 어떤 대사를 통하여 이루어 지는지의 방향 제시를 하였다. 또한 소변 유기산이 한식의 대사에 미치는 영향을 측정하는 생체지표로서의 활용 가능성도 보여주었다. 객관적인 지표로서 확증하기 위해 더욱 큰 표본에서의 연구, 성별, 질병별 다양화한 연구를 통해 관찰된 지표들의 재현성을 확인하여 생체 지표로서의 유효성 검증이 필요하겠다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

무지개송어의 대동맥에 삽입관을 부착한 후 스트레스와 관련된 생리화학적 반응을 조사하였고, 실험사료의 위내 강제공급 후 혈장내 유리 아미노산의 농도변화를 비교하였다. 무지개 송어에 있어 아미노산의 요구량 설정 모델 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 사료 영양학적 연구를 위한 새로운 사료공급 및 혈액채취 방법의 개발을 위하여, 강제투여 및 대동맥 삽입방법의 적용 가능성을 조사하였다. 스트레스와 관련된 생리화학적 반응조사에 있어서 혈액내 헤마토크리트(Ht)는 6시간에 최대치를 보였고, 12시간에 최초수준으로 돌아와 48시간까지 유지되었고 혈장내 코티졸과 글루코스는 3시간에 증가하기 시작하여 6시간에 최대치를 보였으며(P<0.05), 48시간에 최초수준으로 돌아왔다. 혈장내 총 단백질 함량, 삼투압, Na농도, K농도, Cl농도, 헤모글로빈(Hb)수와 적혈구수(red blood cell, RBC)는 48시간동안 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험사료의 위내 강제 공급 후 혈장내 유리 아미노산의 농도 변화는, arginine, histidine, Iysine, methionine, threonine. valine, glutamic acid. isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine과 tryptophan이 사료공급 후 4시간에 최대치를 보였고, 8~24시간사이에 최초수준 또는 감소하고, 48시간까지 일정하게 유지되었다. glycine은 사료공급 후 4~8사이에 감소하여 12시간에 최대치를 보였고 24시간에 최초수준으로 돌아왔다. alanine과 aspartic acid의 농도는 사료공급 후 4시간에 최대치를 보였고, 48시간에 기본농도로 돌아왔다. 상기 결과를 토대로, 위내 강제 공급 방법과 대동맥 삽입방법을 무지개 송어의 사료 영양학적 연구에 적용 가능하였고, 유리아미노산의 농도 측정으로 필수 아미노산 요구량 추정이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.628-647
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• 2018

Purpose: Obesity is associated with metabolic dysregulation, but the underlying metabolic signatures involving clinical and inflammatory profiles of obese asthma are largely unexplored. We aimed at identifying the metabolic signatures of obese asthma. Methods: Eligible subjects with obese (n = 11) and lean (n = 22) asthma underwent body composition and clinical assessment, sputum induction, and blood sampling. Sputum supernatant was assessed for interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, -4, -5, -6, -13, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, and serum was detected for leptin, adiponectin and C-reactive protein. Untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolic profiles in sputum, serum and peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway topology enrichment analysis. The differential metabolites were further validated by correlation analysis with body composition, and clinical and inflammatory profiles. Results: Body composition, asthma control, and the levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, -4, -13, leptin and adiponectin in obese asthmatics were significantly different from those in lean asthmatics. OPLS-DA analysis revealed 28 differential metabolites that distinguished obese from lean asthmatic subjects. The validation analysis identified 18 potential metabolic signatures (11 in sputum, 4 in serum and 2 in PBMCs) of obese asthmatics. Pathway topology enrichment analysis revealed that cyanoamino acid metabolism, caffeine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway in sputum, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway in serum are suggested to be significant pathways related to obese asthma. Conclusions: GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics indicates obese asthma is characterized by a metabolic profile different from lean asthma. The potential metabolic signatures indicated novel immune-metabolic mechanisms in obese asthma with providing more phenotypic and therapeutic implications, which needs further replication and validation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4241-4244
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• 2012

The lung adenocarcinoma is considered more aggressive than other types of non-small cell lung cancer. As metabolites of tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway, including kynurenic acid, have been shown to induce immunosuppression and facilitate escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance, a hypothesis was set up that differences in biological behavior between types of lung cancer may be associated with altered activity of the kynurenine metabolic pathway. The aim of the study was to determine kynurenic acid levels in the serum of patients with bronchial adenocarcinoma for comparison with other types of non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 227 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in the study, including 71 with adenocarcinoma and 96 with squamous cell carcinoma. Serum kynurenic acid concentration was determined with use of high performance liquid chromatography and fluorometry. The level of kynurenic acid in the serum of patients with adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than in those with squamous cell lung cancer ($107.1{\pm}62.8$ pmol/ml; 95%CI: 92.4 to 132.3 pmol/ml versus $82.1{\pm}47.6$ pmol/ml; 95%CI: 78.5 to 91.2 pmol/ml, respectively; p = 0.027). Differences between other histological types of lung cancer were insignificant. We conclude that increased activity of kynurenine metabolic pathway manifested by elevated serum kynurenic acid level may be one of the factors associated with clinically distinct biological behavior of adenocarcinoma, in particular high invasiveness and rapid progression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1377-1385
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and to investigate its effects on milk yield, milk composition and some blood parameters in lactating cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups of three cows and assigned randomly to one of two diets in a cross-over experiment. Daily 50 g RumiSacc was top dressed at the p.m. feeding for the treatment group. RumiSacc supplied a high protein and energy with high organic matter digestibility values (83.35%) determined by in vitro enzymatic analysis. Yeast culture supplementation significantly increased milk yield, tended to increase fat yield, protein yield and lactose yield of milk. Methylated fatty acid level of 18:3 (n-3) in milk fat was increased by yeast culture supplementation. The concentrations of methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and taurine were significantly increased with dietary inclusion of yeast culture. Live yeast culture supplementation did not affect other performance characteristics, milk quality characteristics and blood parameters. As a conclusion live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) had high nutritive value and positive effects on milk production and some milk quality characteristics in lactating cows under field conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1291-1300
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, small intestinal morphology and endogenous protease activity in broiler chickens reared under a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The main effects were CP level (21.0%, 19.7%, 18.5%, or 17.2% from 1 to 21 days and 19.0%, 17.9%, 16.7%, or 15.6% from 22 to 35 days) and protease enzyme supplementation (0 ppm or 500 ppm). All experimental diets were fortified with synthetic feed-grade lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan to provide the minimum amino acid recommended levels for Cobb 500. Results: Reducing dietary CP linearly reduced (p<0.05) growth performance, serum albumin, total protein, and carcass traits and increased (p<0.05) serum triglycerides and abdominal fat. There was no consistent effect of reducing dietary CP on morphological parameters of the intestine and on the pancreatic and intestinal endogenous protease activity (p>0.05). Protease supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal absorptive surface area. Conclusion: Protease supplementation, as measured by growth performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield, may alleviate the detrimental effects of low protein diets in broiler chickens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.473-483
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• 2022

In this study we investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation on the ingredients and anti-oxidant activity of Withania somnifera extract. Four strains of LAB could proliferate normally in medium containing W. somnifera extract after the pH reached 3.1~3.5. LAB fermentation increased the content of alcohols and ketones, endowing the extract with the characteristic aroma of fermentation. Compared to the control, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rates in the fermented samples were significantly improved, ranging from 48.5% to 59.6% and 1.2% to 6.4%. The content of total phenols was significantly increased by 36.1% during the fermentation of mixed bacteria. Moreover, the original composition spectrum of the extract was significantly changed while the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were closely related to bile secretion, tryptophan metabolism and purine metabolism. Therefore, LAB fermentation can be used as a promising way to improve the flavor and bioactivity of the extracts of W. somnifera, making the ferments more attractive for use as functional food.