• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.299-308
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• 2019

This quasi-experimental study was conducted to develop and implement a team facilitation program as well as to evaluate the effects of the program on Problem Based Learning (PBL) and how these influence on team dynamics. Data were collected in a convenient sample of 126 nursing students (intervention group=69; control group=57). Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, T-test, and ANCOVA. SPSS23 was used. The intervention group received the PBL team facilitation program, whereas the control group received a human interaction training. The intervention group than the control group demonstrated significantly higher scores in a team dynamic among team members(F=10.35,p<0.01), trust among team members(F=9.86,p<0.01), communication(F=5.69,p<0.05), learning behavior of a team(F=4.57,p<0.05), and individual capability evaluation(F=5.12,p<0.05). Team performance was not significantly different between groups. This study reveals that the team facilitation program is an effective strategy to maximize the effects of PBL. We propose the need for educational strategy to support team function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.90-99
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for improving nursing management practice by comparing and analyzing the perceptions of nursing students and clinical instructors about the importance of the learning contents of nursing management and their practical experience. The final 343 copies were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and cross-analysis, targeting 4th-grade students and clinical instructors at three universities. Both nursing students and clinical instructors recognized 'communication', 'interpersonal relationship', 'responsibility', 'trust', and 'morality' as important factors in the evaluation items of practice. Among the top 10 most importantly recognized items among nursing-management practice learning content, six items ('infection control', 'nursing record management', 'patient nursing management', 'drug management', 'patient safety', and 'nursing malpractice') were matched in the two groups. Moreover, clinical instructors recognized that interpersonal relationships and relationship ethics were important, while nursing students chose legal responsibility. As a result of the practical experience analysis between the two groups, nursing students had high experience of indirect participation, but the clinical instructors had a high experience of direct instruction. A plan is needed to reduce the difference by establishing an organic partnership relationship between the university and practice institutions and increase the experience of direct practice of nursing students.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.72
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• pp.127-156
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• 2018

Kim Yoo-shin was highly evaluated in Silla, not only when he was alive, but also after his death. When he was alive, he was regarded as one of the best servants who accomplished the task of 'Iltong-Samhan' by supporting KiIng Tae-jong and King Mun-mu. Kim Yoo-shin was recognized as 'good servant' or 'sacred servant' who helped King Tae-jong even after he died. In addition, he was revered as 'two adults' with King Mun-moo. He was awarded the title of 'The Great King Heung-mu'. In the Goryeo period, it was supported as a national sacrifice in the shrine of Mt. Taeryeng of Jinchon. Kim Yoo-shin was regarded as a person who achieved great success with the absolute trust of King Tae-jong and King Mun-mu. In addition, Yoon-gwan recognized Kim Yoo-shin as a general who caused many miracles. Lee Seung-hyeo said that Kim Yoo-shin had a mysterious Military-Strategy Book and excelled in martial arts. Even during the Joseon Dynasty, the evaluation of Kim Yu-shin's success had been continued due to the absolute trusting relationship between King Taejong or King Mun-moo and his retainer Kim Yoo-shin. Kim Yoo-shin was either the representative of Silla's martial or the most outstanding figure in the entire history of the Silla Dynasty. Furthermore, he was recognized as a person with competence and aptitude comparable to Chinese characters. Kim Yoo-shin was superior in military strategy. Kim Yoo-shin was evaluated as a representative of martial in Korea's history. From a neo-Confucian point of view, they evaluated him as a loyal person through Kim's achievements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2022

The rotor blade is an important component of a tidal stream turbine and is affected by a large thrust force and load due to the high density of seawater. Therefore, the performance must be secured through the geometrical and structural design of the blade and the blade structural safety to which the composite material is applied. In this study, a 1 MW class large turbine blade was designed using the blade element momentum (BEM) theory. GFRP is a fiber-reinforced plastic used for turbine blade materials. A sandwich structure was applied with CFRP to lay-up the blade cross-section. In addition, to evaluate structural safety according to flow variations, static load analysis within the linear elasticity range was performed using the fluid-structure interactive (FSI) method. Structural safety was evaluated by analyzing tip deflection, strain, and failure index of the blade due to bending moment. As a result, Model-B was able to reduce blade tip deflection and weight. In addition, safety could be secured by indicating that the failure index, inverse reserve factor (IRF), was 1 or less in all load ranges excluding 3.0*Vr of Model-A. In the future, structural safety will be evaluated by applying various failure theories and redesigning the laminated pattern as well as the change of blade material.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.325-350
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• 2023

This study focuses on the impact of research data metadata quality evaluation index on the revitalization of K-BDS, a research data platform in the bio field, and examines the mediating effect of motivation factors for utilizing the platform. The investigation employs a structural equation model analysis and bootstrap analysis to explore the interrelationships among the three variables. The findings demonstrate that researchers who prioritize the quality of metadata display higher motivation to use the research data platform, leading to an intention to activate the platform. The study also confirms the mediating effect of motivation factors. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of the sub-factors within each variable is attained through regression analysis and Sobel test. The results highlight that enhancing searchability is crucial to activate research data sharing in the bio field, while improving discoverability is vital for research data reuse. Interestingly, the study reveals that citationability does not significantly impact platform activation. As a conclusion, to foster platform activation, it is imperative to provide systematic support by enhancing metadata quality. This improvement can not only increase trust in the platform but also institutionally solidify the benefits of citation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.858-861
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• 2020

로봇이 사람과 같이 다양하고 복잡한 사물 조작을 하기 위해서 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 파지 작업이 필수적이다. 자유도 (Degree of Freedom, DoF)가 높은 휴먼형(anthropomorphic) 로봇손을 학습시키기 위하여 사람 데모(human demonstration)가 결합된 강화학습 최적화 방법이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 강화학습 최적화 방법에 사람 데모가 결합된 Demonstration Augmented Natural Policy Gradient(DA-NPG)와 NPG 의 성능 비교를 통하여 행동 복제의 효율성을 확인하고, DA-NPG, DA-Trust Region Policy Optimization (DA-TRPO), DA-Proximal Policy Optimization (DA-PPO)의 최적화 방법의 성능 평가를 위하여 6 종의 물체에 대한 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 조작 작업을 수행한다. 그 결과, DA-NPG 와 NPG를 비교한 결과를 통해 휴먼형 로봇손의 사물 조작 강화학습에 행동 복제가 효율적임을 증명하였다. 또한, DA-NPG 는 DA-TRPO 와 유사한 성능을 보이면서 모든 물체에 대한 사물 파지에 성공하여 가장 안정적이었다. 반면, DA-TRPO 와 DA-PPO 는 사물 조작에 실패한 물체가 존재하여 불안정한 성능을 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은 향후 실제 휴먼형 로봇에 적용하여 휴먼형 로봇 손의 사물조작 지능 개발에 유용할 것으로 전망된다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 1996

INSTRODUCTION Service quality is, unlike goods quality, an abstract and elusive constuct. Service quality and its requirements are not easily understood by consumers, and also present some critical research problems. However, quality is very important to marketers and consumers in that it has many strategic benefits in contributing to profitability of marketing activities and consumers' problem-solving activities. Moreover, despite the phenomenal growth of medical service sector, few researchers have attempted to define and model medical service quality. Especially, little research has focused on the evaluation of medical service quality and patient satisfaction from the perspectives of both the provider and the patient. As competition intensifies and patients are demanding higher quality of medical service, medical service quality and patient satisfaction has emerged as a critical research topic. The major purpose of this article is to explore the concept of medical service quality and its evaluation from both nurse and patient perspectives. This article attempts to achieve its purpose by (1)classfying critical service attibutes into threecategories(satisfiers, hygiene factors, and performance factors). (2)measuring the relative importance of need criteria, (3)evaluating SERVPERF model and SERVQUAL model in medical service sector, and (4)identifying the relationship between perceived quality and overall patient satisfaction. METHOD Data were gathered from a sample of 217 patients and 179 nurses in Seoul-area general hospitals. From the review of previous literature, 50 survey items representing various facets of the medical service quality were developed to form a questionnaire. A five-point scale ranging from "Strongly Agree"(5) to "Strongly Disagree"(1) accompanied each statement(expectation statements, perception statements, and importance statements). To measure overall satisfaction, a seven-point scale was used, ranging from "Very Satisfied"(7) to "Very Dissatisfied"(1) with no verbal labels for scale points 2 through 6 RESULTS In explaining the relationship between perceived performance and overall satisfaction, only 31 variables out of original 50 survey items were proven to be statistically significant. Hence, a penalty-reward analysis was performed on theses 31 critical attributes to find out 17 satisfiers, 8 hygiene factors, and 4 performance factors in patient perspective. The role(category) of each service quality attribute in relation to patient satisfaction was com pared across two groups, that is, patients and nurses. They were little overlapped, suggesting that two groups had different sets of 'perceived quality' attributes. Principal components factor analyses of the patients' and nurses' responses were performed to identify the underlying dimensions for the set of performance(experience) statements. 28 variables were analyzed by using a varimax rotation after deleting three obscure variables. The number of factors to be extracted was determined by evaluating the eigenvalue scores. Six factors wereextracted, accounting for 57.1% of the total variance. Reliability analysis was performed to refine the factors further. Using coefficient alpha, scores of .84 to .65 were obtained. Individual-item analysis indicated that all statements in each of the factors should remain. On 26 attributes of 31 critical service quality attributes, there were gaps between actual patient's importance of need criteria and nurse perceptions of them. Those critical attributes could be classified into four categories based on the relative importance of need criteria and perceived performance from the perspective of patient. This analysis is useful in developing strategic plans for performance improvement. (1) top priorities(high importance and low performance) (in this study)- more health-related information -accuracy in billing - quality of food - appointments at my convenience - information about tests and treatments - prompt service of business office -adequacy of accommodations(elevators, etc) (2) current strengths(high importance and high performance) (3)unnecessary strengths(low importance and high performance) (4) low priorities(low importance and low performance) While 26 service quality attributes of SERPERF model were significantly related to patient satisfation, only 13 attributes of SERVQUAL model were significantly related. This result suggested that only experience-based norms(SERVPERF model) were more appropriate than expectations to serve as a benchmark against which service experiences were compared(SERVQUAL model). However, it must be noted that the degree of association to overall satisfaction was not consistent. There were some gaps between nurse percetions and patient perception of medical service performance. From the patient's viewpoint, "personal likability", "technical skill/trust", and "cares about me" were most significant positioning factors that contributed patient satisfaction. DISCUSSION This study shows that there are inconsistencies between nurse perceptions and patient perceptions of medical service attributes. Also, for service quality improvement, it is most important for nurses to understand what satisfiers, hygiene factors, and performance factors are through two-way communications. Patient satisfaction should be measured, and problems identified should be resolved for survival in intense competitive market conditions. Hence, patient satisfaction monitoring is now becoming a standard marketing tool for healthcare providers and its role is expected to increase.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-115
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• 1992

The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t＝1.93, p＜0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t＝2.75, p＜0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t＝2.10, p＜0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t＝3.72, p＜0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t＝1.96, p＜0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t＝2.44, p＜0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t＝2.87, p＜0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t＝3.26, p＜0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t＝2.07, p＜0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t＝3.04, p＜0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t＝2.29, p＜0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t＝2.4g, p＜0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t＝2.87, P＜0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t＝2.51, p＜0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t＝2.43, p＜0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r＝0.57, p＜0.01)

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of emergency medical services(EMS) is to save human lives and assure the completeness of the body in emergency situations. Those who have been qualified on medical practice to perform such treatment as there is the risk of human life and possibility of major physical and mental injuries that could result from the urgency of time and invasiveness inflicted upon the body. In the emergency medical activities, 119 emergency medical technicians mainly perform the task but they are not able to perform such task independently and they are mandatory to receive medical direction. The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition and request for medical direction by 119 emergency medical technicians in order to provide basic information on the development of medical direction program suitable to the characteristics of EMS as well as for the studies on EMS for the sake of efficient operation of pre-hospital EMS. Method : Questionnaire via e-mail was conducted during July 1-31, 2010 for 675 participants who are emergency medical technicians, nurses and other emergency crews in Gyeongbuk. The effective 171 responses were used for the final analysis. In regards to the emergency medical technicians' scope of responsibilities defined in Attached Form 14, Enforcement regulations of EMS, t-test analysis was conducted by using the means and standard deviation of the level of request for medical direction on the scope of responsibilities of Level 1 & Level 2 emergency medical technicians as the scale of medical direction request. The general characteristics, experience result, the reason for necessity, emergency medical technicians & medical director request level, medical direction method, the place of work of the medical director, feedback content and improvement plan request level were analyzed through frequency and percentage. The level of experience in medical direction and necessity were analyzed through ${\chi}^2$ test. Results : In regards to the medical direction experience per qualification, the experience was the highest with 53.3% for Level 1 emergency medical technicians and 80.3% responded that experience was helpful. As for the recognition on the necessity of medical direction, 71.3% responded as "necessary" and it turned out to be the highest of 76.9% in nurses. As for the reason for responding "necessary", the reason for reducing the risk and side-effects from EMS for patients was the largest(75.4%), and the reason of EMS delay due to the request of medical direction was the highest(71.4%) for the reason for responding "not necessary". In regards to the request level of the task scope of emergency medical technicians, injection of certain amount of solution during a state of shock was the highest($3.10{\pm}.96$) for Level 1 emergency rescuers, and the endotracheal intubation was the highest($3.12{\pm}1.03$) for nurses, and the sublingual administration of nitroglycerine(NTG) during chest pain was the highest($2.62{\pm}1.02$) for Level 2 emergency medical technicians, and regulation of heartbeat using AED was the highest($2.76{\pm}.99$) for other emergency crews. For the revitalization of medical direction, the improvement in the capability of EMS(78.9%) was requested from emergency crew, and the ability to evaluate the medical state of patient was the highest(80.1%) in the level of request for medical director. The prehospital and direct medical direction was the highest(60.8%) for medical direction method, and the emergency medical facility was the highest(52.0%) for the placement of medical director, and the evaluation of appropriateness of EMS was the highest(66.1%) for the feedback content, and the reinforcement of emergency crew(emergency medical technicians) personnel was the highest(69.0%) for the improvement plan. Conclusion : The medical direction is an important policy in the prehospital EMS activity because 119 emergency medical technicians agreed the necessity of medical direction and over 80% of those who experienced medical direction said it was helpful. In addition, the simulation training program using algorithm and case study through feedback are necessary in order to enhance the technical capability of ambulance teams on the item of professional EMS with high level of request in the task scope of emergency medical technicians, and recognition of medical direction is the essence of the EMS field. In regards to revitalizing medical direction, the improvement of the task performance capability of 119 emergency medical technicians and medical directors, reinforcement of emergency medical activity personnel, assurance of trust between emergency medical technicians and the emergency physician, and search for professional operation plan of medical direction center are needed to expand the direct medical direction method for possible treatment beforehand through the participation by medical director even at the step in which emergency situation report is received.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this paper, as a new educational cooperation model, seeking the problems and the directions of progress on GPOE(Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education)'s innovational education district project, recognizing the various points of issue of SVHS(specialized vocational high schools) faced now, suggesting the contents and standards of the program as measures of enhancing competitiveness of SVHS, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of project of innovational education district and finding the plans for progress. According to the result of the advanced study and analysis, it shows that the aid as well as the supporting object of helping the SVHS's students find a job don't reach a certain level. As the aid supports across the general elementary and secondary schools, it tends to show much more emotional software-based support required by elementary school, middle school and general high school as universal education welfare rather than hardware-based support required by SVHS. Despite the competent evaluation on the survey about the supporting method from SVHS's parents teachers and students, the survey includes that teachers who ask the balancing support are increasing, some students suspect its effect of education and some parents as a residential position ask the regional growth rather than education So there are a lot of confusions among the teachers, students and parents yet. To overcome these problems, we ensure the internal stability of local education community and GPOE and local government get out large scale constructions with trust and belief to make a revolution of public education in supporting the administrative task and finance and to accomplish the program that best suits our SVHS's state to be supported without dividing educational software and hardware, should reflect the demand of field by for expert group being built and attended when build the local revolution community. Also plan to make full use of local human and property infrastructure should be added. To this end, as programs to build a pool of guest lecturers are provided to teachers who carry out innovative education programs, we seek the reformations to give students opportunities to widen participation in other school programs.