• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2014

Given a body undergoing a stress-strain status as consequence of external excitations, sensors can be deployed on the accessible lateral surface of the body. The sensor readings are regarded as input of a numerical model of reduced order (i.e., the number of sensors is lower than the number of the state variables the full model would require). The goal is to locate the sensors in such a way to minimize the deviations from the response of the true (full) model. One adopts either accelerometers as sensors or devices reading relative displacements. Two applications are studied: a plane frame is first investigated; the focus is eventually on a 3D body.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1994

Mechanical alloying process of Al-8wt.% Ni powder was investigated for the various milling time in order to get the steady state powder. High temperature deformation behaviors of the sintered specimens were investigated by activation energy calculated after high temperature compression tests at the strain rates of 2.5$\times$10-3 s-1, 2.5$\times$10-2 s-1 and 2.5$\times$10-1 s-1 at the temperature range between $350^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$. The steady state was obtained after 1000 minutes of milling with the PCA of 1.5 wt.% stearic acid under the condition of grinding media to powder weight ratio of 50 : 1 and impeller rotating speed of 300 rpm. True activation energy of Al-8wt.% Fe alloy was estimated to be 181 kJ/mole at the temperature range of 350~ $400^{\circ}C$ and 265 kJ/mole at the range of 400~$450^{\circ}C$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2009

Breakdown pressures obtained from the classic, linear elastic breakdown model are compared with the corresponding pressures obtained using a nonlinear material model. Compression test results obtained on sandstone and siltstone are used for that purpose together with previously formulated nonlinear model which introduces elasticity functions to address nonlinear stress-strain behaviour of rocks exhibiting stress-dependent mechanical properties. Linear and nonlinear collapse pressures are also compared and it is shown that material nonlinearities have significant effect on both breakdown and collapse pressures and on tangential stresses which control breakdown pressure around a borehole. This means that the estimates of ${\sigma}_H$ made using linear models give stress values which are different than the real values in the earth. Thus the importance of a more accurate analysis, such as provided by the nonlinear models, is emphasised. It is shown, however, that the linear elastic model does not necessarily over-predict borehole stresses and the opposite case can be true, depending on rock type and test interpretation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.252-255
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• 2011

Both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) have a tdc operon that encodes enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway for the degradation of L-serine and L-threonine. However, S. Typhimurium does not have the tdcR gene, which is a positive regulator in E. coli. In the present study, transcriptional analysis revealed that tdcA expression in E. coli is higher under anaerobic than aerobic growth conditions, but the opposite is true in S. Typhimurium. Interestingly, a tdcR mutant strain of E. coli showed a similar expression pattern to that observed in S. Typhimurium and was also induced by anaerobic shock. These results suggest that the induction of tdcA expression by anaerobic conditions is observable when tdcA expression is low owing to the absence of TdcR.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1993

The root nodules of Elaeagnus umbellata were coralloid-shape due to repeated dichotomous branching of nodule meristem. The filamentous endophyte with vesicle cluster ranging from 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter was present only in the cortical cells. The isolated endophytes in vitro culture showed typical Frankia morphology, consisting of highly branched hyphae ranging from 0.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 1.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, terminal and intrahyphal sporangia varing in shape and size up to 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in length and laminated vesicles. Its infectivity and effectivity were confirmed by induction of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the inoculated seedlings of two Elaeagnus species. Consequently, the isolate was confirmed as a true symbiont of Elaeagnus umbellata root nodule and named Frankia EuIK1.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The conventional ACI rectangular stress block is developed on the basis of normal-strength concrete column tests and it is still being used for the design of high-strength concrete members. Many research papers found in the literature indicate that the nominal strength of high-strength concrete members appears to be over-predicted by the ACI rectangular stress block. This is especially true for HSC columns. The general shape of the stress-strain curve of high-strength concrete becomes more likely as a triangle. A triangular stress block is, therefore, introduced in this paper. The proposed stress block is verified using a database which consists of 52 tested singly reinforced high-strength concrete beams having concrete strength above 55 MPa (8,000 psi). In addition, the proposed model is compared with models of various design codes and proposals of researchers found in the literature. The nominal flexural strengths computed using the proposed stress block are in a good agreement with the tested data as well as with that obtained from design codes models and proposals of researchers.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1754-1760
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• 2018

The present article showcases a temperature dependent cohesive zone model (CZM)-based fi nite element simulation of drop weight tear test (DWTT), to analyse fracture behavior of pipeline steel (PS) at different temperatures. By co-relating the key CZM parameters with known mechanical properties of PS at varying temperature, a temperature dependent CZM for PS is proposed. A modified form of Johnson and Cook model has been used for the true stress-strain behavior of PS. The numerical model, using Abaqus/CAE 6.13, has been validated by comparing the predicted results with load-displacement curves obtained from test data. During steady-state crack propagation, toughness parameters (such as CTOA and CTOD) were found to remain fairly constant at a given temperature. These toughness parameters, however, show an exponential increase with increase in temperature. The present paper offers a plausible approach to numerically analyze fracture behavior of PS at varying temperature using a temperature dependent CZM.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.739-752
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• 2020

This paper aims to investigate cyclic plasticity of a new type of high-performance austenitic stainless steel with both high strength and high ductility. The new stainless steel termed as QN1803 has high nitrogen and low nickel, which leads to reduction of cost ranging from 15% to 20%. Another virtue of the new material is its high initial yield strength and tensile strength. Its initial yield strength can be 40% to 50% higher than conventional stainless steel S30408. Elongation of QN1803 can also achieve approximately 50%, which is equivalent to the conventional one. QN1803 also has a corrosion resistance as good as that of S30408. In this paper, both experimental and numerical studies on the new material were conducted. Full-range true stress-true strain relationships under both monotonic and cyclic loading were obtained. A cyclic plasticity model based on the Chaboche model was developed, where a memory surface was newly added and the isotropic hardening rule was modified. A user-defined material subroutine was written, and the proposed cyclic plasticity model can well evaluate full-range hysteretic properties of the material under various loading histories.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2017

X-선 회절기(X-ray diffractometer)는 시편에서 회절되는 회절빔을 이용하여 재료의 상 (phase), 집합조직 (texture), 격자상수 (lattice constant), 잔류응력 (residual stress) 등 다양한 재료물성을 분석하는 데 광범위하게 사용되는 장치이다. X-선을 이용한 정량적인 분석은 회절빔의 피크 위치를 바탕으로 수행되는 데, 장시간 X-선 회절기를 사용하게 되면 필연적으로 장치 부품에 미세 변형이 발생하게 되고, 이러한 기계적인 오차가 발생하면 정량적인 분석의 정확도가 떨어지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 미국 표준기술연구소 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)에서 제공된 잔류응력이 없는 Si 파우더를 이용하여 $2{\theta}$를 기준으로 약 30~90도 사이 구간에 대해 X-선 회절 실험을 수행하였고, NIST에서 제공된 회절빔의 피크 위치와의 비교를 통하여 X-선 회절기의 계통오차를 파악하였으며, 이러한 오차 교정이 진격자상수 (true lattice constant) 측정 등 정량적인 분석에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 잔류응력이 존재하는 180 nm 두께의 텅스텐 박막에 대한 X-선 회절 분석을 수행하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2006

CT 검사에서 조영제 혈관외유출을 예방하기 위해 EDA 시스템을 개발하여 가토를 대상으로 실험적으로 혈관외유출의 검출 효율을 평가하였다. 7마리의 가토 IV 정맥 부위에 EDA 시스템의 스트레인게이지를 부착하여 조영제를 주입하면서 혈관외유출 검출 효율을 평가하였다. 조영제의 혈관외유출은 7건으로 혈관외유출 용량 $14{\sim}23ml$ (평균 18.86 ml), 혈관외유출 발생시간 평균 11.29초, 평균압력 109.71 psi, EDA 시스템에서 스트레인게이지의 분해능 평균 512.18, 진양성 7건, 진음성 19건, 위양성 2건이었고, 민감도 100%, 특이도 90%로 나타났다. 개발된 EDA 시스템을 가토에 실험적으로 적용하여 소량의 혈관외유출 조영제를 검출하는 효율이 있어 혈관외유출을 예방하는 효과가 있다.