• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2013

The effects of electric field frequency on the AC electrical treeing phenomena in an epoxy/layered silicate (1.5 wt%) were investigated in a needle-plate electrode arrangement. A layered silicate was exfoliated in an epoxy-base resin with AC electric field apparatus. To measure the treeing initiation and propagation- and the breakdown rate, a constant alternating current (AC) of 10 kV with three different electric field frequencies (60, 500, and 1,000 Hz) was applied to the specimen in the needle-plate electrode specimen in an insulating oil bath at $130^{\circ}C$. At 60 Hz, the treeing initiation time was 12 min, the propagation rate was $0.24{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min, and the morphology was a dense branch type. As the electric field frequency increased, the treeing initiation time decreased and the propagation rate increased. At 1,000 Hz, the treeing initiation time was 5 min, the propagation rate was $0.30{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min, and the morphology was a dense bush type.

• 전기의세계
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1977

In roder to investigate the influence of treeing on electric breakdown of solid organic insulator the initiation and growing mechanism of tree itself, and the correlation between corona discharge and treeing phenomena in solid orgainc insulating materials, several experiments were carried out by means of needle test on polymethyl-methacrylate. The obtained results showed that the existence of voids in specimen had important effects on initiation voltage of trees and, when the direct voltage was applied, the initiation voltage of trees increased by space charge effect. And also the stagnation phenomena due to the transfer of vacancy cluster or polymekr cage in specimen might beconsidered in process of growth of trees, and corona discharge seemed to be the pre-phenomena of treeing because trees were normally initiated by internal discharge in voids.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2014

The effects of electric field frequency on the ac electrical treeing phenomena in an epoxy/reactive diluent/layered silicate (1.5 wt%) were carried out, in needle-plate electrode arrangement. A layered silicate was exfoliated in an epoxy base resin, by using our ac electric field apparatus. To measure the treeing propagation rate, constant alternating current (AC) of 10 kV with three different electric field frequencies (60, 500 and 1,000 Hz) was applied to the specimen, in needle-plate electrode arrangement, at $30^{\circ}C$ of insulating oil bath. As the electric field frequency increased, the treeing propagation rate increased. At 500 Hz, the treeing propagation rate of the epoxy/PG/nanosilicate system was $0.41{\times}10^{-3}$ mm/min, which was 3.4 times slower than that of the epoxy/PG system. The electrical treeing morphology was dense bush type at 60 Hz; however, as the frequency increased, the bush type was changed to branch type, having few branches, with very slow propagation rate.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.324-328
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• 2013

An alternating current (AC) electrical treeing phenomena in an epoxy system with low chlorine BDGE (1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether) was studied in a needle-plate electrode arrangement. To measure the treeing propagation rate and breakdown time, a constant AC of 10 kV with three different electric field frequencies (60, 500, and 1,000 Hz) was applied to the needle-plate electrode specimen at $130^{\circ}C$ in aninsulating oil bath. The treeing propagation rate of the DGEBA/high-chlorine BDGE system was higher than that of the DGEBA/low-chlorine BDGE system and the breakdown time of the system with high-chlorine BDGE was lower than that of the system with low-chlorine BDGE. These results implied that chlorine had a negative effect on the electrical insulation property of the epoxy system. As the electric field frequency increased, the treeing propagation rate increased and the breakdown time decreased.

• 전기의세계
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.76-83
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• 1978

This paper reveals the results of fundamental experiments with the breakdown strength- and treeing phenomena, by A.C voltage and impulse voltage, of cross-linked polyethylene insulator, respectively compared in each case of the various specimens; nonvoid, air void, water void, oil void and oil impregnated one, all articially made. In this research, the V-t and V-n characteristics are investigated by means of the Weibull distribution and are analysed the characteristics of fatigue breakdown caused by the A.C and impulse voltage. Based on numerous tests, treeing effect and treeing breakdown mechanism is investigated through microscopic photographs taken to clarify the shapes of each tree and treeing breakdown phenomena.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2013

Effects of ambient temperature on the ac electrical treeing and breakdown behaviors in an epoxy/layered silicate (1 wt%) were carried out in needle-plate electrode geometry. A layered silicate was exfoliated in an epoxy base resin,, using our ac electric field apparatus. To measure the treeing initiation and propagation, and the breakdown rate, constant alternating current (ac) of 10 kV (60 Hz) was applied to the specimen in a needle-plate electrode arrangement, at $30^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$ or $130^{\circ}C$ of insulating oil bath. At $30^{\circ}C$, the treeing initiation time and the breakdown time in the epoxy/layered silicate (1 wt%) system were 1.4 times higher than those of the neat epoxy resin. At $90^{\circ}C$ (lower than Tg), electrical treeing was initiated in 55 min, and propagated until 1,390 min at the speed of $0.35{\times}10^{-3}mm/min$, which was 4.4 times higher than that at $30^{\circ}C$; however, there was almost no further treeing propagation after 1,390 min. At $130^{\circ}C$ (higher than Tg), electrical treeing was initiated in 44 min, and propagated until 2,000 min at the speed of $0.96{\times}10^{-3}mm/min$. Typical branch type electrical treeing was obtained from the neat epoxy and epoxy/layered silicate at $30^{\circ}C$, while bush type treeing was observed out from the needle tip at $90^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.122-128
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• 1994

Studies on treeing phenomena have depended on the visual measurement using optical microscope. In the visual measurement, it is difficult to analyze the treeing in real time because voltages are applied discontinuously and impossible to calculate the deterioated area by treeing. Only tree type and length are studied. In this paper, image processing is introduced and voltages are applied continuously. The tree length and area are calculated in real time from tree inception to breakdown. Growing characteristics about tree types are compared for the normalized breakdown time.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권11호
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• pp.1571-1577
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• 2013

Electrical tree structure is one of the most important influencing factors for electrical treeing characteristics in polymers. In this paper, we focused on the structure characteristics of electrical treeing in epoxy resins (original) insulation under different high-frequency voltages (60, 500, 1000Hz). Effects of voltage frequency on the ac electrical treeing phenomena in an epoxy resins were carried out in needle-plate electrode arrangement. To measure the treeing initiation and propagation, and the breakdown rate, constant AC of 10 kV with three different voltage frequencies (60, 500 and 1,000 Hz) was applied to the specimen in needle-plate electrode specimen at $30^{\circ}C$ of insulating oil bath. At 60 Hz, the treeing initiation time was 360 min and the propagation rate was $6.85{\times}10^{-4}mm/min$, and the morphology was dense branch type. As the voltage frequency increased, the treeing initiation time decreased and the propagation rate increased. At 1,000 Hz, the treeing initiation time was 0 min and the propagation rate was $7.81{\times}10^{-2}mm/min$, and the morphology was dense bush type.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 1999

폴리에틸렌과 에폭시 수지계 고분자 정연재료에서 발생하는 전기트리 열화 및 절연파괴 현상에 대해 연구하였다. 침-평판 전극구조를 갖는 블럭상 시편에 전기적 응력을 가하고 침 선단에서 발생하는 전기트리를 관찰하였다. 저밀도 폴리에틸렌에서 발생하는 전기트리 형상은 밀도가 매우 높은 부시상이었으며, 가교 풀려에틸렌에서는 가지형 전기트리가 관찰되었다. 에폭시 수지 에서는 첨가제 SN의 함량과 온도가 증가함에 따라 절연파괴 강도는 감소하였으며 전기트리는 더욱 복잡해졌다. 가교밀도가 높아 딱딱한 DGEBA/MDA 에폭시 수지계에서는 전도성 트리 경로 주위에 일련의 부채꼴 크랙이 관찰되었다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권10호
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• pp.1322-1329
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• 2018

In this paper, the reliability test of three kinds of epoxy resin for GIS Spacer, which is a high voltage based heavy electric machine, AC electrical treeing experiments were performed. Three types of epoxy resins, Araldite B41, CT 5531 CI and B46, have slight viscosity differences. An non-uniform electric field, E = 1149.4 kV/mm, as the needle to plate electrode, a power source with a frequency of 1 kHz was applied to the tree electrode for accelerated deterioration. The treeing phenomena of the three kinds of epoxy resin all initiated, propagated, and destroyed by the branch tree. Epoxy Resin B46 was 145 times longer than B41 and 53 times longer than CT 5531CI. I think that the choice of epoxy resin is very important in choosing high voltage heavy electric machine insulation materials.