• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.83-93
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a new expert system for close combat in military war game model for training. Simulation logic for damage assesment is one of the main simulation functions in military war game. In Changcho 21's model which is the war game model for Republic of Korea Army corps and division, the main function of close combat's damage assessment has not been calculated by Changcho 21's model, but by COBRA which was made by US Army and has been the expert system for close combat. Results which were calculated in COBRA were sent to Changcho 21's model through a cable network. And Changcho 21's model finally calculated the value of damage assessment with the results. In this paper, we develop an new expert system for close combat using decision tree. The experimental results show that the proposed expert system has similar performance to COBRA and has less computing complexity. And it can substitute for COBRA and be applicable to battlefield.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2004

It really needs fuzzy decision making of integrity assessment considering about both durability and load carrying capacity for maintenance and administration, such as repairing and reinforcing. This thesis shows efficient models about reinforced concrete structure using CART-ANFIS. It compares and analyzes decision trees parts of expert system, using the theory of fuzzy, and applying damage & diagnosis at reinforced concrete structure and decision trees of integrity assessment using established artificial neural. Decided the theory of reinforcement design for recovery of durability at damaged concrete ＆ the theory of reinforcement design for increasing load carrying capacity keep stability of damage and detection. It is more efficient maintenance and administration at reinforced concrete for using integrity assessment model of this study and can carry out predicting cost of life cycle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.627-638
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• 2018

This article describes an integrated Level 1-Level 2 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methodology to evaluate the radiological risk during postulated accident scenarios initiated during the decommissioning phase of a typical Mark I containment boiling water reactor. The fuel damage scenarios include those initiated while the reactor is permanently shut down, defueled, and the spent fuel is located into the spent fuel storage pool. This article focuses on the integrated Level 1-Level 2 PRA aspects of the analysis, from the beginning of the accident to the radiological release into the environment. The integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PRA uses event trees and fault trees that assess the accident progression until and after fuel damage. Detailed deterministic severe accident analyses are performed to support the fault tree/event tree development and to provide source term information for the various pieces of the Level 1-Level 2 model. Source terms information is collected from accidents occurring in both the reactor pressure vessel and the spent fuel pool, including simultaneous accidents. The Level 1-Level 2 PRA model evaluates the temporal and physical changes in plant conditions including consideration of major uncertainties. The goal of this article is to provide a methodology framework to perform a decommissioning Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), and an application to a real case study is provided to show the use of the methodology. Results will be derived from the integrated Level 1-Level 2 decommissioning PSA event tree in terms of fuel damage frequency, large release frequency, and large early release frequency, including uncertainties.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2021

Damage caused by intelligent cyber attacks not only disrupts system operations and leaks information, but also entails massive economic damage. Recently, cyber attacks have a distinct goal and use advanced attack tools and techniques to accurately infiltrate the target. In order to minimize the damage caused by such an intelligent cyber attack, it is necessary to block the cyber attack at the beginning or during the attack to prevent it from invading the target's core system. Recently, technologies for predicting cyber attack paths and analyzing risk level of cyber attack using big data or artificial intelligence technologies are being studied. In this paper, a cyber attack path analysis method using attack tree and RFI is proposed as a basic algorithm for the development of an automated cyber attack path prediction system. The attack path is visualized using the attack tree, and the priority of the path that can move to the next step is determined using the RFI technique in each attack step. Based on the proposed mechanism, it can contribute to the development of an automated cyber attack path prediction system using big data and deep learning technology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to computerize street tree management using a CAD program in order to manage the drawing record of street trees systematically and concurrently. The configuration of this program is composed of Reference Data, Data Inquiry, and Cost Assessment. The Reference Data includes characteristics of trees, monthly managements records, damage by blight and insects and usage of pesticides. The Data Inquiry includes an individual search of the tree index, simple searches and multiple searches. The Cost Assessment includes two main components, the data input with labor cost, manure ocst and pesticide cost and the assesment of management cost for prevention of blight and insects, pruning and fertilization. The results of this study are as follows: 1) When there are practices such as transplanting and removing of street trees it is immediately updated with the various situation. By creating an in progress a tree management system, up to the date information can be given to the manager for decision making. 2) To identify individual tree at the site or in drawing, the street name and numbers were used instead of coordinates. Tree tags are attached to the street trees individually. It can make DB management simple and easy. 3) By doing simple or multiple search with constructed DB, data can be provided quickly. 4) The result of this type of search are useful in the assessment of management cost very useful in regards to items such as the pruning, pesticides scattering and fertilization. 5) By using the AutoCAD software and existing PC without purchasing new equipment, the cost of system implementation can be minimized.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.559-564
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• 2007

This research is aimed at finding out the ecological change of Seunghwanglim through the examination of vegetational change of tree seedlings of old giant trees growing at Seunghwanglim [Seunghwang Forest designated as a Natural Monument No.93] after the installation of protective iron fence. The survey results are as follows: First, as a result of keeping out people by installing a protective iron fence in 1989, soil hardness of the plane forest was greatly improved except the area used as roads. The seedlings of the plane forest, whose damage index is 2,3,4, were found to have the highest 1,202 $individuals/400m^2$, and those of the plane forest, whose damage index is 1, were revealed to have 565 $individuals/400m^2$, and those of the slope forest were found to have 403 $individuals/400m^2$. The number of the young sapling[taller than 2 meters] individuals of the plane forest whose damage index is 1 was found to be the most $48/400m^2$, and that of the plane forest whose damage index is 2, 3, 4- was $31/400m^2$, and that of the slope forest proved to be $14/400m^2$. In the plane forest whose damage index is 2, 3, 4, the saplings of the Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and Acer triflorum are relatively much distributed, and in the plane forest whose damage index is 1, many saplings of the Prunus padus and Styrax obassia, were found to grow and in the slope forest, many saplings of the Acer pictum subsp. mono and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. were found to grow. Many seedlings of Rubus spp. - R. oldhamii, R. coreanus and R. crataegifolius. - and Akebia quinata were growing vigorously on plane forest, but they might decrease in number with the increasing number of the tree saplings.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a new close combat expert system to overcome the difference of combat damage assessments between combat units belong to their own model in Combined Arms Integrated Interoperability System(CAIIS) which will be deployed in the early future. When it happens to engage in a battle among combat units belong to their own model in CAIIS, the result of damage assessment is different severely. This is related to CAIIS's confidence and need to be overcome. We propose the expert system for close combat damage assessment with a decision tree. Simulation results show that the proposed expert system is valid well. Because the proposed expert system is made not as an independent system but as an inner module type of CAIIS, CAIIS will be simpler system than we expect. And we will hope to reduce the cost of CAIIS.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.118-141
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• 2024

This study investigates and analyzes ancient literature records and iconographic materials to examine the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) built on Gasan(假山) Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川) within the Hanyangdoseong, which was deliberately created to prevent flood damage during the Joseon Dynasty. Although there have been research cases related to the willow tree, it is difficult to find research conducted with the purpose of identifying its archetypal value by investigating and analyzing specific use cases of the willow tree and its historical background. Accordingly, this study aims to identify examples of the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) created in Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川) during the Joseon Dynasty and reinterpret their value by illuminating the background of construction and regional characteristics. The main contents of this study are as follows. It is presumed that floods during the Joseon Dynasty were a great hazard. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Joseon suffered severe damage from floods. By the time of King Yeongjo, all Four Mountains(四山) of the capital had become bare mountains, which was the cause of frequent floods. In the year of Gyeongjin(庚辰, the 26th year of King Yeongjo's reign, 1760), King Yeongjo dredged the channel bottom of Cheonggyecheon(淸溪川), which overflowed every rainy season, with the Juncheon Project(Channel-Dredging, 濬川事業) and planted willow trees on the mountain on both sides of the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門), as measures to prevent flood damage and soil loss. was implemented. In the <Doseongdo(都城圖)> in 《 Gwangyeodo(廣輿圖)》 produced in the mid-18th century during the reign of King Yeongjo, Gasan(假山), built in front of the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門) is visible, and in the record 『Sinjeung Donggukyeoji Seungnam(新增東國輿地勝)』 In the record, it appears that willows were planted on both sides of the mountain in the year of Gyeongjin(1760). With <Hanyangdoseong Map(漢陽都城圖)> produced in the 46th year of King Yeongjo's reign(1770), it is confirmed that willow trees formed a thick forest on Gasan Mountain near the Ogan Water Gate(五間水門) in the late 18th century. In addition, the Juncheon Project(Channel-Dredging, 濬川事業) and the creation of the Willow Tree Fence(樹柵) continued from the 15th century, the early Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮前期), to the end of the 19th century, the late Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮後期), through the records of ancient literature such as 『Annals of the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄)』, 『Seungjeongwon Diary(承政院日記)』, and 『Records of Daily Reflections(日省錄)』. This study is meaningful in informing that the willow tree was a unique cultural heritage and traditional landscape resource by investigating the composition and use of the Willow Tree Fence in the Joseon Dynasty, which was a great basis for preventing floods and flood damage, as well as forming a beautiful landscape.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.381-394
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• 2005

In order to estimate the damage of orchards due' to natural disasters such as typhoon, severe rain, freezing or frost, it is necessary to estimate the number of fruit bearing before and after the damage. To estimate the fruit bearing after the damages are easily done by delegations, but it cost too high to survey every insured farm household and calculate the fruit bearing before the damage. In this article, we suggest to use a random coefficient model to predict the numbers of fruit bearing in the orchards before the damage based on the tree age and the area information.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.485-499
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• 2023

Both damage and unsaturated conditions accelerate the transport of erosive media inside concrete. However, their combined effects have not been fully investigated. A multiscale mortar model using representative volume elements is developed, capturing the number and distribution in each phase. Afterwards, mortar damage microstructure evolution is simulated in the tensile process. Finally, the unsaturated mortar transport is predicted and analysed. The results indicate that damage significantly affects the diffusion process in the early stage, while the transport performance is weakened due to the obstruction of the nontransport phase in the later stage. The higher the saturation and the more connected pores, the faster the diffusion rate of chloride ions. Chloride ions spread around the cracks in a tree-like manner along. The model can very well predict the chloride ion transport performance of unsaturated and damaged mortar.