Characteristics of COD Removal in the Electrolytic Treatment of Dyeing-Wastewater (전기분해에 의한 염색폐수의 COD 제거 특성)
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- Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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- v.13 no.2
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- pp.139-146
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- 1998
The characteristics of color and COD removal for dyeing-wastewater using electrochemical reaction were investigated. >From the result, the removal efficiency of color and COD were increased with increase of temperature, decrease of electrode distance, increase of electrolyte concentration and increase of potential and these were obtained above 99%, above 75% within 30 min, individually. Cause of higher COD removal efficiency, it is more suitable that dyeing-wastewater is treated by electrolytic treatment prior to biological treatment. It is concluded that the electrolytic treatment of dyeing-wastewater can be used as the effective and economical method in practical treatment.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of semi-closed vocal training-based Vocal Aerobic Treatment on the voice improvement of soprano. Study subject was one soprano who appealed to the suffering of her voice problem due to vocal cord nodule. A study method of conducting pre/post acoustic evaluation and subjective voice evaluation to compare the measures was used; Vocal Aerobic Treatment was carried out twice a week for a total of 32 session. In the acoustic evaluation, MDVP (multi-dimensional voice program) and VRP (voice range profile) were used to evaluate the pitch, voice quality, and voice range; in the subjective voice evaluation, SVHI (singing voice handicap index) was used to assess voice satisfaction. As a result of the pitch evaluation, the soprano maintained a proper Fo. As a result of the voice quality evaluation, the jitter, shimmer, and the noise harmonic ratio numbers decreased compared to the numbers shown before the treatment. As a result of the voice range evaluation, the scope of the range was broadened, with the number of semitone increasing from 30 to 35. As for the subjective voice evaluation, the result of the total score obtained after the survey report divided by the number of questions showed a decrease from 3.6 to 0.6. The soprano herself reported of having a minor extent of a voice problem. The summary of the above results reflects that Vocal Aerobic Treatment is useful in the voice improvement of vocalists However, as this study is case research regarding the Vocal Aerobic Treatment effect on one soprano, further research on the treatment effect covering many other vocalists is necessary. Also, there is a need for follow-up studies regarding voice management and voice treatment program on not only the vocalists but also the voice users in many other professions.
1. Comparison of demand and supply A. Assumption of estimation of demand and supply we will briefly assumptions used for presumption once more before comparing the result of estimation of demand and supply examined previously 1) supply - The average applying rate for state. examination of graduate: