• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

This study was performed to compare the effects of different drainage layers on tree growth at the exposed sites of Saemangeum sea dike. 4 types of drainage layers including control(dredged soil), specially prepared bark, gravel, and wood chip were set in 150~165cm depth of soil. Pinus thunbergii and Celtis sinensis were planted after 9 months of soil treatment. Electrical conductivity(EC) of soil in all treated plots were decreased under $4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and NaCl(%) was decreased under 0.05% after 1 year from soil treatment. Soil moisture at the 120cm depth of the bark treated plot was higher than that of the 180cm soil depth, below the drainage layer. It is considered that vertical mobility of water was inhibited. Organic matter(OM) at the 120cm soil depth increased at bark and wood chip treated plots. Survival rates after 4 years of P. thunbergii and C. sinensis were 100% in all treatments. The height of P. thunbergii was not significantly different among the treatments while the height of C. sinensis was significantly different among the treatments and it was highest at the bark treated plot.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

Pig slurry is a good soil amendment not only because of its high organic matter content, but also because of its ability to provide various nutrients. The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of raw and processed pig slurry application on pot soil over chemical fertilizer and non-amended control soil. Change in the chemical parameters (pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), macro and micronutrients) and microbial mass of the treated soils were monitored over 30 to 90 days. Pot soil was treated with the recommended dose of pig slurry and chemical fertilizer, and was sampled after 30, 60 and 90 days of incubation. The least significanct difference (p<0.05) was observed on Fe, Cu, Zn, available P and K between treatments. All treatments increased N, P and K content and microbial mass of soil over control soil. Interestingly, no significant effects were detected on OM, OC, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi mass in soil irrespective of treatments given. However fungal and bacterial counts, as well as available nutrients, were found to be higher in processed slurry (PS)-treated soil compared to other soils. In general a significant correlation existed between the fungal count and OM, OC, Zn, T Kjeldahl N (TKN), available P and K of soil. A strong negative correlation was observed between pH and Fe in soil. This study clearly demonstrated that the use of processed manure as a fertilizer could be a key for sustainable livestock agriculture.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

Batch experiments were performed to determine optimum conditions for biopile. The batch experiments results showed that 12.5 to 17.9% of moisture content was effective to biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon regardless of soil texture. Total heterotrophic bacteria populations in the inoculum-treated soil were greater than of the control and nutrient-amended soil in the early stage, but the populations in the inoculum and nutrient-amended soil were not different significantly from those in the latter stage regardless of soil texture. The same trend was observed for petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria populations. The results of the biodegradation capacity experiments showed that there was a decline in the TPH concentrations during the experiments and no significant difference on the biodegradation was observed by treatment in silt soil. Changes of n-C17/pristane and n-C18/phytane ratios in all treated soil were significantly more than those of control. This is a strong indication of biodegradation. The TPH removal rate was calculated at 60% in all treated soil.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2012

The effect of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of PET fabric on the detergency of particulate soil were investigated as functions of the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by the adhesion of particles to and their removal from fabric, the PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ were used as textile materials and for the model of particulate soil, respectively. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic finish for PET fabric was treated with a polyester, silicone and fluorine organic compound of resin respectively. The adhesion of particulate soil to fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals were slightly higher but its removal from fabric treated with hydrophobic chemicals was largely higher than fabric treated with a hydrophilic chemical regardless of solution conditions such as the concentration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals, surfactant concentration, ionic strength, adhesion and removal time, and pH. Therefore, hydrophobic treatment for fabric had a more positive effect than the hydrophilic treatment on the detergency of particulate soil.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2014

To determine Pb species in soils following the immobilization process, sequential extraction has been used despite the possibility of overestimating Pb species from unintended reactions during chemical extraction. Meanwhile, the application of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) has been shown to provide a more precise result than chemical extraction. In this study, the immobilization of Pb in contaminated soils treated with liming materials such as oyster shell (OS) or eggshell (ES) was evaluated with thermodynamic modelling and EXAFS analysis. Thermodynamic modelling by visual MINTEQ predicted the precipitation of $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS and ES treated soils. In particular, the values of saturation index (SI) for $Pb(OH)_2$ in OS (SI=0.286) and ES (SI=0.453) treated soils were greater than in the control soil (SI=0.281). Linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis confirmed the presence of $C_{12}H_{10}O_{14}Pb_3$ (lead citrate, 44.7%) by citric acid from plant root, Pb-gibbsite (Pb adsorbed gibbsite, 26.4%), and Pb-kaolinite (Pb adsorbed kaolinite, 20.3%) in the control soil. On the other hand, $Pb(OH)_2$ (16.8%), Pb-gibbsite (39.3%), and Pb-kaolinite (25.6%) were observed in the OS treated soil and $Pb(OH)_2$ (55.2%) and Pb-gibbsite (33.8%) were also confirmed in the ES treated soil. Our results indicate that the treatment with OS and ES immobilizes Pb by adsorption of Pb onto the soil minerals as a result of the increase in soil negative charge and the formation of stable $Pb(OH)_2$ under high pH condition of soils.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.525-533
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• 1996

Chemical characteristics of the industrial wastewater sludge, degradation of the sludge in soil and CO2 generation and changes of nitrogen in soil treated with the sludge were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Degradation rate of the sludge in soil was 26% at natural temperature, and 33% at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 2. T-C, T-N and the C/N ratio of sludge in soil was 16.0%, 0.63% and 26, respectively, at natural temperature, and 15.0%, 0, 65% and 23, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 3, Camulative CO2 generation in soil treated with l%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 284, 440 and 512 mg/100 g, respectively, at natural temperature, and 440, 558 g and 654 mg/100g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 4, Changes of :norganic nitrogen in soil treated with l%, 3% and 5% of sludge were 7.8, 12.8 and 16.3 mg/100g, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. Mineralization ratio of organic nitrogen in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of sludge was 10.7%, 13.6% and 15.2%, respectively, at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment. 5. Chanties of pH in soil treated with 1%, 3% and 5% of Industrial wastewater sludge were in the range of 6.7~7, 5 at natural temperature, and 6.1~7.9 at incubation temperature at 12 weeks after treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내에서 사용되는 ACQ 방부처리목재로부터 토양으로 용탈된 구리에 의해 발생되는 토양오염 정도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 야외시험장에서 3년 동안 노출된 방부처리목재 주변의 토양을 분석하여 구리의 용탈량 및 용탈된 구리의 이동범위를 산정하였으며, 전남 및 경남에서 ACQ 방부처리목재가 사용된 데크 주변의 토양을 분석하여 구리에 의한 토양오염 정도를 평가하였다. 야외노출시험은 방부처리목재의 횡단면에서 용탈되는 구리의 양이 목재의 측면에서 용탈되는 구리의 양보다 1.5배 이상 높다는 것과 토양 내에서의 구리의 이동이 매우 제한적인 것을 보여주었다. 근린공원에 설치된 데크 기둥 주변의 토양 분석은 방부처리목재로부터 10 cm 이내의 토양 내 구리 함유량이 대부분 2지역 토양오염우려기준인 500 mg/kg을 초과하지 않았다는 것을 보여주었다. 야외노출시험의 경우 깊이 10 cm 이내의 토양에서 구리의 분포범위가 사용 중인 데크 기둥 주변의 토양에서보다 훨씬 넓은 것으로 나타났는데 이는 야외노출시험에 사용된 방부처리목재의 약제보유량이 데크 기둥의 경우보다 두 배 이상 높은 것에서 기인한다고 판단된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial fertilizers on the yields of Leaf lettuce, chemical components of soil, and the microbial floras. Six micriobial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, Bio livestock cattle system(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi, were used. All of the microbial fertilizers were tend to increase yields of Leaf lettuce, especially MPK+Husk+Palma treatment was most effective. In a chemical components of soil, concentrations of K, Mg were increased with Tomi treatment, however, the other concentrations of soil chemical components were not different. In a microbial floras of soil, Tomi, Husk+Palma, and MPK+Husk+Palma treated plots increased in numbers of total bacteria and bacillus. Tomi treated plot increased in numbers of actinomycetes and fungi, also. The other microbial floras of soil were not different, however. The microbial fertilizers may affect the useful microbial floras, therefore, it would be increase yield of Leaf lettuce treated with them.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.458-463
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• 2016

Background: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the growth of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. rootstock. Methods and Results: Rootstocks of S. chinensis were stored in either soil or vermiculite that had been treated with a control treatment, diluted wood vinegar (50 or 100-fold), DF-100 (50-fold), or 1-naphthylacetamide and at $5^{\circ}C$ or $15^{\circ}C$. After 8 weeks, the stored roots were planted in the field, and both plant height and leaf number were observed after transplantation. The greatest number of leaves ($5.60{\pm}0.80$) was produced by roots that had been stored in soil treated with 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $5^{\circ}C$. Meanwhile the maximum plant height ($6.92{\pm}0.78cm$) at 30 d after transplanting was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100 fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $15^{\circ}C$, whereas the maximum plant height at 60 d after transplanting ($26.46{\pm}0.71cm$) was observed for rootstocks that had been stored in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at $5^{\circ}C$. Therefore, the storage of rootstocks in soil treated with the 100-fold dilution of wood vinegar and at temperatures at or below $5^{\circ}C$ was most effective, and it can be used to prevent the decay of roots during the postharvest management of S. chinensis rootstocks. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that, among the parameters examined, the storage of roots in soil that had been treated with the 100-foil dilution of wood vinegar is the most effective method for improving the growth of S. chinensis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2005

The effectiveness of quicklime-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) in immobilizing lead (Pb) was assessed by performing semi-dynamic leaching tests (ANS16.1). In order to simulate landfill leaching conditions, the ANS 16.1 test was modified by using 0.014 N acetic acid (pH = 3.25) instead of distilled water. Artificial soil samples as well as field soil samples contaminated with Pb were tested. The effectiveness of quicklime treatment was evaluated by determining diffusion coefficients ($D_e$) and leachability indices (LX). A model developed by de Groot and van der Sloat was used to elucidate the controlling Pb leaching mechanisms. Overall, upon quicklime treatment Pb leachability was significantly reduced in a]l of the samples tested. The mean LX values were higher than 9 for an artificial soil sample containing 30% kaolinite treated with 10% quicklime and for a field soil sample treated with 10% quicklime, which suggests that S/S treated soils can be considered acceptable for "controlled utilization". Moreover, quicklime treatment was more effective in artificially contaminated soil with high kaolinite content (30%), indicating the amount of clay plays an important role in the success of the treatment. The controlling Pb leaching mechanism was found to be diffusion, in all quicklime treated samples.