• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.474-483
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• 2011

Solid-state fault current limiters (SSFCL) in power systems are alternative devices to limit prospective short circuit currents from reaching lower levels. Fault current limiters (FCL) can be classified into two categories: R-type (resistive) FCLs and L-type (inductive) FCLs. L-type FCL uses an inductor to limit fault level and is more efficient in suppressing voltage drop during a fault. In contrast, R-type FCL is constructed with a resistance and is more effective in consuming the acceleration energy of generators during a fault. Both functions enhance the transient stability of the power system. In the present paper, a novel SSFCL is proposed to enhance power system transient stability and power quality. The proposed SSFCL uses both functions of an L-type and R-type FCL. SSFCL consists of four diodes, one self-turn-off IGCT, a current-limiting by-pass inductor (L), and a variable resistance parallel with an inductor for improvement of power system stability and prevention of over-voltage across SSFCL. The main advantages of the proposed SSFCL are the simplicity of its structure and control, low steady-state impedance, fast response, and the existence of R-type and Ltype impedances during the fault, all of which improve power system stability and power quality. Simulations are accomplished in PSCAD/EMTDC.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.36-45
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• 2014

Model based control methods are widely used to improve the control performance of diesel engine air systems because the control results of the air system significantly affect the emission level and drivability. However, the model based control algorithm requires a lot of unmeasurable states which are hard to be measured in a mass production engine. In this study, an air system model of the diesel engine is proposed to estimate 11 unmeasurable states using only sensors equipped in a mass production engine. In order to improve the estimation performance in the transient condition, dynamic characteristics of the air system are analyzed and implemented as discrete filters. Turbine and compressor efficiency models are also proposed to overcome a limitation of the constant or look-up table based efficiency values. The proposed air system model was validated in steady state and transient conditions by real-time engine experiments. The maximum error of the estimation for 11 physical states was 11.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.134-141
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• 1999

Ths paper describes on the stability improvement of output voltage control on the power suwJy for railway. On the transient states such as input voltage sudden change, the inpJt and output voltage beccxre unstable by L-C resonance occurred due to constant output voltage control. In this paper, the new clamping circuit for system stability is proposed, and control method using band attenuated filter and feed-forward terms is introduced. The propoesd damping circuit is composed with sma1l size R-L. Also, the 3 level PWM method is adopted to decrease distortion of output voltage. The output voltage is controlledl with variation under 10% without oscillation at transient states and have total hanmnic distortion under 3%.der 3%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.731-740
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• 2014

Occupants induced floor vertical vibrations may cause other occupant's annoyance and lead to social loss. To help control such floor vibrations, several criteria have been developed mostly based on human perception tests and floor vibration tests. Floor vibration is evaluated by comparison with criteria and vibration parameters of subject floor, such as frequency, damping ratio, acceleration value, vibration duration time and occurrence frequency. Three acceleration value parameters are used in criteria; peak acceleration, rms acceleration and VDV, when a floor vibration serviceability is evaluated. Meanwhile rms acceleration and peak acceleration are adopted as vibration limit value in criteria and researches of human perception for vibration. Occupants induced floor vibration is transient rather than steady state. However, rms acceleration is not reliable parameter for evaluating transient vibration. The objective of this study is to investigate the characters of human perception level according to acceleration value parameters for vibration induced by heel impacts and walking activities.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1281-1292
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• 2014

Photovoltaic (PV) solar systems with series-connected module integrated converters (MICs) are receiving increased attention because of their ability to create high output voltage while performing local maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for individual solar panels, which is a solution for partial shading effects in PV systems at panel level. To eliminate the partial shading effects in PV system more effectively, sub-MICs are utilized at the cell level or grouped cell level within a PV solar panel. This study presents the results of a series-output-connection MPPT (SOC-MPPT) controller for sub-MIC architecture using a single sensor at the output and a single digital MPPT controller (sub-MIC SOC-MPPT controller and architecture). The sub-MIC SOC-MPPT controller and architecture are investigated based on boost type sub-MICs. Experimental results under steady-state and transient conditions are presented to verify the performance of the controller and the effectiveness of the architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-93
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• 2022

Machine learning (ML) data-driven meta-model is proposed as a surrogate model to reduce the excessive computational cost of the physics-based model and facilitate the real-time prediction of a nuclear power plant's transient response. To forecast the transient response three machine learning (ML) meta-models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs); specifically, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and a sequence combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and LSTM are developed. The chosen accident scenario is a control element assembly withdrawal at power concurrent with the Loss Of Offsite Power (LOOP). The transient response was obtained using the best estimate thermal hydraulics code, MARS-KS, and cross-validated against the Design and control document (DCD). DAKOTA software is loosely coupled with MARS-KS code via a python interface to perform the Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty Quantification (BEPU) analysis and generate a time series database of the system response to train, test and validate the ML meta-models. Key uncertain parameters identified as required by the CASU methodology were propagated using the non-parametric Monte-Carlo (MC) random propagation and Latin Hypercube Sampling technique until a statistically significant database (181 samples) as required by Wilk's fifth order is achieved with 95% probability and 95% confidence level. The three ML RNN models were built and optimized with the help of the Talos tool and demonstrated excellent performance in forecasting the most probable NPP transient response. This research was guided by the Systems Engineering (SE) approach for the systematic and efficient planning and execution of the research.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.173-174
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• 2016

This paper proposes a comparison of Voltage Oriented Control (VOC) and Direct Power Control (DPC) under command mode transition for PMSG Wind Turbines (WT). Based on a neutral point clamped three level back to back type Voltage Source Converter (VSC), proposed control scheme automatically control the generated output power to satisfy a grid requirement from the hierarchical wind farm controller. Automatic command mode transition based on the dc-link voltage error provides a command mode changing between grid command and MPPT mode. It is confirmed through PLECS simulations in Matlab. Simulation result shows that proposed control scheme of VOC and DPC achieves a much shorter transient time of generated output power than the conventional control scheme of MPPT with optimal torque control and VOC under a step response. The proposed control scheme makes it possible to provide a good dynamic performance for PMSG wind turbines in order to generate a high quality output power.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 1986

The activities of serum of serum lactate dehydrogenase (SLDH), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), serum creatine phosphokinase (SCPK), and their isozymes were determined in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats acclimated to cold environment $(4\\pm1^\\circC)$ for 36 days. The SLDH activity was significantly higher in the early stage of acclimated period. The steady state of SLDH activity seemed to be reached by the end of acclimated period. Electrophoretic separation of serum of control rat showed three SLDH isozymes. Isozymes SLDH4 and SLDH5 appeared most prominently, whereas only trace of SLDH1 or SLDH2 was found. The increase in SLDH level during acclimation to cold environment is a reflection of an immediate increase in the SLDH1, SLDH2, and SLDH3 type of SLDH isozyme. The acclimation to cold environment increased significantly level of SALP in the early state of acclimated period. SALP activity showed a attaining steady state with the resting level after transient rise. Electrophoretic separation of SALP of control rats showed the SALP1 and SALP2 fractions. The transient rise in SALP activity of rats acclimated to cold environment coincided with a transient rise in SALP1 fraction. Immediately after exposure to cold environment, there was significant elevation in SCPK activity. Value returned to normal after transient rise. A new steady state of SCPK activity seemed to be reached by 36 days. It may be inferred from the above data that thermal compensation appears to result from a change in the activity of an enzyme and that the SLDH, SLDH-isozyme, SALP-isozyme, and SCPK may be involved directly or indirectly in thermoregulation during acclimation to cold environment.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.238-248
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• 2016

In this study, an automatic command mode transition strategy of direct power control (DPC) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) medium-voltage (MV) offshore wind turbines (WTs). Benchmarking against the control methods are performed based on a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) back-to-back type voltage source converter (VSC). The ramping rate criterion of complex power is utilized to select the switching vector in DPC for a three-level NPC converter. With a grid command and an MPPT mode transition strategy, the proposed control method automatically controls the generated output power to satisfy a grid requirement from the hierarchical wind farm controller. The automatic command mode transition strategy of DPC is confirmed through PLECS simulations based on Matlab. The simulation result of the automatic mode transition strategy shows that the proposed control method of VOC and DPC achieves a much shorter transient time of generated output power than the conventional control methods of MPPT and VOC under a step response. The proposed control method helps provide a good dynamic performance for PMSGs MV offshore WTs, thereby generating high quality output power.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

This paper proposes the new voltage event detection method using the weight factor of neural network and describes control system design for the DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) consisted of a rectifier and series inverter applied to 22.9kV distribution system. As this method can express the fault level of each phase, we expect the proposed method can make up for disadvantage of synchronous detection method. Also, in this paper, the control system was designed using double deadbeat controller, As it has an inner current control loop and an outer voltage control loop, we can easily limit the current level during the transient intervals by using the current control loop. Simulation and experiment are performed to prove the analysis of the voltage event detection method and double deadbeat controller.