• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.119-139
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to provide information that will help both fishing industry and fisheries authority understand the principals of individual transferable quota(ITQ) fishery management. Theoretical frameworks and primary features of ITQ fishery managemenet are the assignment of exclusive property rights for harvest of common - property fisheries resources. An ITQ fishery management is fundamentally different from the conventional fishery management and it gives an individual fisherman the right to catch a specified quantity of fish, his quota. With ITQ, fisherman's quotas are transferable, in whole or in part. An ITQ is a property with certain rights of use, namely, the right to catch a given quantity and species of fish in a specific location during a specific period of time. The right is exclusive in the sense that no one else has the right to use the quota without the owner's permission. The property may be assigned, traded, and exchanged; i.e., the owner has the right to transfer an ownership to others. An ITQ fishery management leads to both economic efficiency and resource conservation. Motivations to overexploit stocks and to overcapitalize should be lessened because fishermen no longer have to compete for limited resources. There are significant positive net benefits and advantages with ITQ fishery management than without. The potential benefits and advantages of ITQ fishery management include increased profits, economic stability, improved product quality, safer working conditions, less gear conflict, elimination of the race - to - fish phenomenon, less by - catch, less gear loss, improved investment climate, mitigation of market gluts, waste reduction, addition to fisherman's wealth, and compensation for fisherman exiting the fishery. As an independent observe to Red Crab Trap Fishery some of the benefits, problems, and effects, an ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery is still far from to be implemented. Many different and difficult aspects (biological, socioeconomics, administrative) are involved considering the implementation of ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery. Among other fishery management tools, the implementation of ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery is considered to be the best in achieving the better conservation of fisheries resources and their more economic and rational exploitation. Korean fisheries authority should pay great attention to the experience of the economic effects of the ITQ fishery management in Red Crab Trap Fishery in the hope of being able to implement at least some of those experiences into the Korean fishery management.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1999

In this stuyd, the effect of the dominant follicle aspiration for the superovulatory response in HanWoo was investigated. The criterion for the presence or absence of a dominant follicle based on their morphological examination. The dominant follicle was aspirated 48hr before the onset of superovulation treatment by 6.5MHz convex probe connected with a carrier and superovulation induced by FSH (Super-Ov Tyrer, Texas, U.S.A) adminstered twic a day s.c. over 4 day in a decreasing regimen. From 13 HanWoo scanned daily to determine the presence and growth of the dominant follicle, its an average diameter of 15.4mm was measured and an average diameter of corpora lutea was 18.7mm on day of follicular aspiration. In the experiment, a follicular remove by ultrasound-guided aspiration, the ovarian response was significantly enhanced when animals were superovulated in the aspiation of a dominant follicle compare with animals superovulated non-aspiration of a dominat follicle. In the aspiration of a dominant follicle donors yieleded more corpora lutea(14.4$\pm$4.7 vs 8.6$\pm$3.4) and transferable embryos(8.9$\pm$4.2 vs 5.4$\pm$2.7) than control. In cows in which the dominant follicle had been aspirated under sonographical control 2 days before superovuation, the number of corpus lutea and transferable embryos were significantly enhanced compared with animals superovulated in the presence of a dominant follicle (14.4$\pm$4.7 vs 6.9$\pm$2.7, ; 8.9$\pm$4.2 vs 3.3$\pm$1.6). After 7 days of artificial insemination, the embryos at 7 days were cllected by uterine flushing after dominant follicle insemination, the embryos at 7 days were collected by uterine flushing after dominant follicle aspiration and superovulation treatment, and evaluated their quality by morphological criteria. Sixteen embryos with excellent and good grade were transferred into 8 recipient cows. Six pregnancies were identified at 60 and 120 days of gestation by rectal palpations. In conclusion, the present study showed that 1) the presence or absence of a dominant follicle signficicnatly affects superovulatory responses, and 2) ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration of the dominant follicle and superovuation treatment provides an accurate and procedure to increase ovarian responses in HanWoo.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1196-1198
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• 1995

In this paper, stability improvement of fragile LB films was attempted by monolayers at the air-water interface and crosslinking of the resulting LB films. The spreading polymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization of monoalkyl with oligoethyleneglycol methyl ether, and poly(allylamine) was employed as the subphase polymer. The monolayer properties have been studied by the surface pressure-area($\pi$-A) isotherms. Interaction between polymers and metal ions at the air-water interface and in their LB films were investigated. From the FT-IR(Reflection and Transmission) spectra, the formation of carboxylate ions and the relative orientation of the side chains could be confined. The monolayers were transferable on various substrates, and the resulting LB films were characterized by SEM and VIS-UV absorbance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.220-223
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• 1995

Stable polyion-complexed polymeric monolayrers were prepared by spreading perfluoroalkyl monomaleatd copolymers. C$_2$F$\_$8/MA-VE$_2$ and C$_2$F$\_$8/Mv-VE$_3$ on aqueous poly(allylamine) subphase. The monolayer properties have been studied by the surface pressure-area($\pi$-A) isotherms. The C$_2$F$\_$8/MA-VE$_3$containing longer oligoethyleneglycol pendant showed more expaned monolayer phase than the C$_2$F$\_$8/MA-VE$_2$ The polyion-complexed monolayers were transferable on various substrates, and the resulting Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films were characterized b ET-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) Two-dimensional crosslinking to from a polymer network was achieved by amide formation through heat treatment under vacuum with concurrent removel of perfluoroalkyl tails. SEM observation of this film ona porous membrane filter showed that the four layer film was sufficiently stable to cover the filter pore size of 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$. The C$_2$F$\_$8/MA-VE$_3$revealed better covering capability than the C$_2$F$\_$8/MA-VE$_2$Immersion of this film in water or in benzend did not cause any change in its appearance and in FT-IR spectra.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

The descriptions of galls, or tumors, in red algae have been sparse. K$\ddot{u}$tzing (1865) observed possible galls of Bostrychia but only presented a drawing. Intensive culture observations of hundreds of specimens of the genus Bostrychia over many years have revealed that galls appeared in only a small subset of our unialgal cultures of B. kelanensis, Bostrychia moritziana/radicans, B. radicosa, B. simpliciuscula, and B. tenella and continued to be produced intermittently or continuously over many years in some cultures but were never seen in field specimens. Galls appeared as unorganized tissue found primarily on males and bisexuals, but occasionally on females and tetrasporophytes. The gall cells usually were less pigmented than neighboring tissue, but contained cells with fluorescent plastids and nuclei. The galls were not transferable to other potential hosts. Galls could be produced from gall-free tissue of cultures that originally had galls even after transfer to new culture dishes. Electon microscopy of galls on one isolate (3895) showed that virus-like particles are observed in some gall cells. It is possible that a virus is the causative agent of these galls.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

During the clinical decision making practitioners are often faced with performing diagnostic tests to solve the presenting problems seen in the patients. The diagnostic utility of a test has traditionally been described by technical terms such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Although well known, clinicians are frequently unclear about the concept and application of these terms in everyday evidence-based clinical decision making. Sensitivity and specificity, which are intrinsic properties of diagnostic tests, summarizes the characteristics of the test over a population. The PPV and NPV are greatly dependent on the population prevalence of disease, and thus they do not transferable to different patients or clinical settings. Besides, considering the fact that clinicians more often interested in knowing the extent to which a test result could confirm or exclude of a condition under consideration (posttest probability), these measures do not provide answers on this question. The likelihood ratios (LR) using the information contained in sensitivity and specificity are becoming increasingly popular for reporting the usefulness of diagnostic tests because this term provide an indication of posttest probability as a function of the pretest probability. In this article, clinical applications of LR are illustrated with some practical examples. Discussion is also included of the inherent limitations regarding diagnostic test characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.501-510
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• 1994

This paper deals with the distribution, reservoir and mode of spread of infection on 6 hatcheries in Taegu, Kyungpook and 5 broiler farms in Kyungpook during the period from June 1991 to June 1992. Isolated Salmonella were examined for serotypes, biotyping of Salmonella(S) typhimurtum, antibiotic susceptibility and some biochemical characteristics. Forty two Salmonella strains were isolated from 42(2.7% of 1,577 caecal samples of chicks, and their serotypes were S typhimurium 10, S typhimurium var Copenhagen 5, S infantis 4, S thompson 3, and untypable 20. The isolation rate of Salmonella varied from 0 to 5.1% in 6 hatcheries and that of Salmonella from 5 broiler farms was 10. 5%. Biotypes of 10 S typhimurium and 5 S typhimurium var Copenhagen strains isolated from chicks of hatcheries and broiler farms were biotype 2(86.6%), 8(6.7%), and 10a(6.7%), and 26i(6.7%) according to Duguid's scheme. Antibiotic susceptibility test of Salmonella isolated were performed by agar dilution method, using 9 antibiotics as follows: ampicillin(Am), chloramphenicol(Cm), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), nalidixic acid(Na), rifampicin(Rf), streptomycin(Sm), sulfadimethoxine(Su), and tetracycline(Tc), All the strains were sensitive to RF. But 8 strans(23.8%) were resistant to one or more drugs and the most common resistance patterns of transferred R plasmids were SmSuGm and SmSu. Among 42 isolates, one had transferable citrate utilizing plasmid. S typhimurium and S typhimurium var copenhagen strains were resistant to killing by 90% normal guinea pig serum.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.23
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• pp.249-288
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• 2004

The active use of the container vessel has brought with it high speed and reduced transit time ; however, the system of delivering the goods via B/L at the destination has lagged behind technical advances, becoming a burden to today's international traders, especially consignees and/or importers. More recently the sea waybill(SWB), that is to say an ocean-type AWB, has come on the scene. In Europe and the USA the use of SWB has increased significantly, but has also left room for improvement due to its short history of use. However, Recently, more attention is paid to SWB as a means to solve the B/L Crisis is getting more and more serious. In addition, due to its non-negotiability, the sea waybill could easily be replaced by messages sent between the interested parties by Electronic Data Interchange. With the paper document, transfer of title is fulfilled by transferring the original bill of lading to the buyer of the goods. However, in an electronic environment this is difficult to replicate. A number of solutions have been investigated, including using an electronic bill of lading, by controlling changes in title to goods through irrevocable, but transferable instructions to the carrier, or by appointing an independent electronic data registry, or replacing the bill of lading with a sea waybill, which is non-negotiable. The purpose of this study is to investigate some problems which may hinder SWB from coming into wide use and to analyse how to solve problems due to introduction of electronic sea waybill.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1065-1069
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• 2009

Of 143 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from Korean non-tertiary hospitals, 24 (16.8%) showed an extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-positive phenotype. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of TEM-116 (n=13), CTX-M-3 (n=5), CTX-M-14 (n=2), CTX-M-15 (n=3), and SHV-12 (n=16). Each of the 24 isolates encoded more than one ${\beta}$-lactamase, and seven isolates (29%) harbored two different SHV-type ${\beta}$-lactamase genes ($bla_{SHV-11}$ and $bla_{SHV-12}$) bounded by insertion sequence IS26 in a single transferable plasmid.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2020

Microsatellite markers were developed as a tool for phylogeographic studies of Hosta capitata. We also assessed cross-amplification in species closely related to Hosta capitata. We produced 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers by mapping 300 bp paired-end reads obtained from Illumina MiSeq data of H. capitata. In H. capitata, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 13. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.844 and 0.000 to 0.832, respectively. Additionally, 13 loci were successfully transferable to the related species of H. minor and H. venusta. These markers will provide a powerful genetic tool not only for elucidating the phylogeographic patterns of H. capitata populations but also for studying the genetic delimitation of H. capitata from its related species.