• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2015

Recently, the Korean government has been making efforts to achieve 'creative economy' based on science and technology. As part of these efforts, it has been promoted specific policies for innovation and performance enhancement of national R&D projects. They contains commercialization of research outcomes, technology transfer, technology based startup and support small and medium-sized businesses. The railroad transportation industry is a representative in the field of SOC and has own characteristics different from other industry areas. Especially, industry and market of railroad transportation are directly related to planning and implementation of government SOC policies. So in order to promoting commercialization of railroad transportation projects, it is very important to ensure consistency between government policies and R&D projects. In this paper, we investigate barriers of successful commercialization with typical researchers in the area of railroad transportation, and suggest problems and improvements of policy-based commercialization by giving specific examples.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.758-762
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• 2018

The transfer characteristics of zinc tin oxide(ZTO) on silicon dioxide($SiO_2$) thin film transistor generally depend on the electrical properties of gate insulators. $SiO_2$ thin films are prepared with argon gas flow rates of 25 sccm and 30 sccm. The rate of ionization of $SiO_2$(25 sccm) decreases more than that of $SiO_2$(30 sccm), and then the generation of electrons decreases and the conductivity of $SiO_2$(25 sccm) is low. Relatively, the conductivity of $SiO_2$(30 sccm) increases because of the high rate of ionization of argon gases. Therefore, the insulating performance of $SiO_2$(25 sccm) is superior to that of $SiO_2$(30 sccm) because of the high potential barrier of $SiO_2$(25 sccm). The $ZTO/SiO_2$ transistors are prepared to research the $CO_2$ gas sensitivity. The stability of the transistor of $ZTO/SiO_2$(25 sccm) as a high insulator is superior owing to the high potential barrier. It is confirmed that the electrical properties of the insulator in transistor devices is an important factor to detect gases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.746-754
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• 2019

Vitrification of radioactive liquid waste (RLW) provides a feasible solution for isolating radionuclides from the biosphere for an extended period. In vitrification, base glass and radioactive waste are added simultaneously into the melter. Determination of heat and mass transfer rates is necessary for rational design and sizing of melter. For obtaining an assured product quality, knowledge of reaction kinetics associated with the thermal decomposition of waste constituents is essential. In this study Thermogravimetry (TG) - Differential Thermogravimetry (DTG) of eight kinds of nitrates and two oxides, which are major components of RLW, is investigated in the temperature range of 298-1273 K in the presence of base glasses of five component (5C) and seven component (7C). Studies on thermal behavior of constituents in RLW were carried out at heating rates ranging from 10 to $40\;K\;min^{-1}$ using TG - DTG. Thermal behavior and related kinetic parameters of waste constituents, in the presence of 5C and 7C base glass compositions were also investigated. The activation energy, pre-exponential factor and order of the reaction for the thermal decomposition of 24% waste oxide loaded glasses were estimated using Kissinger method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.481-495
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• 2021

This article assesses and estimates the progressive failure mechanism of complex pit-rest secondary toppling of slopes that are located within the vicinity of the Gas Flare Site of Refinery No. 4 in South Pars Special Zone (SPSZ), southwest Iran. The finite element numerical procedure based on the Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) technique has been employed for the stability analysis. In this regard, several step modelling stages that were conducted to evaluate the slope stability status revealed that the main instability was situated on the left-hand side (western) slope in the Flare Site. The toppling was related to the rock column-overburden system in relation to the overburden pressure on the rock columns which led to the progressive instability of the slope. This load transfer from the overburden has most probably led to the separation of the rock column and to its rotation downstream of the slope in the form of a complex pit-rest secondary toppling. According to the numerical modelling, it was determined that the Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) decreased substantially from 5.68 to less than 0.320 upon progressive failure. The estimated shear and normal stresses in the block columns ranged from 1.74 MPa to 8.46 MPa, and from 1.47 MPa to 16.8 MPa, respectively. In addition, the normal and shear displacements in the block columns ranged from 0.00609 m to 0.173 m and from 0.0109 m to 0.793 m, respectively.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

This study has analysed the composition elements in a cafe space where visual transfer-elements are filled and the perceptual characteristics of facade designs with the purpose of drawing any important elements to advertisement and their related items for uniqueness of designs. For the analysis of the perception process shown in the consecutive situations of observing and visiting cafes, the cafe facade was grouped and stereotyped for the analysis of perceptual characteristics and significant composition elements for better designing of cafes through survey with representative facades as subjects. The conclusions from this study are the followings. First, for the uniqueness specific to cafes to be integrated into facade, memory was chosen first as the most significant advertisement factor followed by interest as with male and attention as with female. The memory has much to do with furniture and finishing material of Clause (4), Chapter 4.1 and the types having effects on perception of Clause (1) and the atmosphere having effect on that of Clause (2) were found to be major factors to attention and interest. Second, it was found out that women preferred horizontally stable partition and men clearly divided facades. The factor of shape was observed first among the constituents of facade followed by color. There was no difference with 'shape' between men and women and color was found to be a space constituent having a lot of effects on women. Third, the memory of experience from visiting a cafe was very likely to offer the motivation of visiting it again, on which furniture had the most effect followed by finishing material and color. Such elevation elements as facade and logo were found not to have effect on the memory or the re-visit. Any intention of visiting again seemed to be influenced by such comprehensive images as atmosphere rather than by any concrete facade, furniture, or appliance. From the above viewpoint, facade design should have any uniqueness or impressive feature as well as the effect of making passers-by drop in and attracting them into the shop. The analysis of attributes of facade constituents revealed that the abstract images in addition to the configuration of facade had much to do with interest or behavior.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 1996

The operating parameters influencing on limiting flux was investigated in the ultrafiltration of PVA, and a new model, which is based on the Amiar model using the concept of heat transfer coefficient, was devised to overcome the limitation of gel-layer model. Using polysulfone plate-unit membrane (MWCO=20,000) and hollow-fiber membrane (MWCO= 30,000), ultrafiltration characteristics of PVA was examined with the variation of operating parameters such as cross flow velocity, transmembrane pressure, temperature, and PVA concentration. According to experimental results, the ultrafiltration of PVA through polysulfone membrane is mainly controlled by well-known phenomena of concentration polarization caused by gel-layer formation. On the contrary, in hollow fiber membrane was observed upward limiting flux which can not be explained by gel-layer model. New model was applied to predict the upward limiting flux behavior with partial satisfaction. The application of new model including viscosity correction factor, however, revealed that PVA ultrafiltration is closely related to the viscosity of permeating fluid.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.129-135
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• 2019

Recently, studies have been conducted to improve the m-commerce process in the NFC-based mobile environment and the increase of the number of smart phones built in NFC. Since authentication is important in mobile electronic payment, FIDO(Fast IDentity Online) and 2 Factor electronic payment system are applied. In addition, block-chains using distributed raw materials have emerged as a representative technology of the fourth industry. In this study, for the mobile gallery auction of the traders using NFC embedded terminal (smartphone) in a small gallery auction in which an unspecified minority participates, password-based authentication and biometric authentication technology (fingerprint) were applied to record transaction details and ownership transfer of the auction participants in electronic payment. And, for the cost reduction and data integrity related to gallery auction, the private distributed director block chain was constructed and used. In addition, domestic and foreign cases applying block chain in the auction field were investigated and compared. In the future, the study will also study the implementation of block chain networks and smart contract and the integration of block chain and artificial intelligence to apply the proposed method.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.98.2-98.2
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• 2012

We firstly present the unified Far-UV continuum map of the Taurus-Auriga-Perseus (TPA) complex, one of the largest local associations of dark cloud located in (l, b)=([154,180], [-28, -2]), by merging both FIMS and GALEX. The FUV continuum map shows that dust extinction correlate well with the FUV around the complex. It shows strong absorption in FUV toward the dense Taurus cloud while it does not in California cloud. It turned out that it is related to the relative location of each cloud and Perseus OB2 association. We also present some results of dust scattering simulation based on Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer technique (MCRT). Through this dust scattering simulation, we have derived the scattering parameter for this region, albedo(a)=$0.42^{+0.05}{_{-0.05}}$, asymmetry factor(g)=$0.47^{+0.11}{_{-0.27}}$. The optical parameters we obtained seem reasonable compared to the theoretical model values ~0.40 and ~0.65 for the albedo and the phase function though the phase function is rather small. Using the result of simulation, we figured out the geometries of each cloud in the complex region, especially their distances and thicknesses. Our predictions from the results are in good agreement with the previous studies related to the TPA complex. For example, the Taurus cloud is within ~200pc from the Sun and the Perseus seems to be multi-layered, at least two. The California cloud is more distant than the other cloud on average at ~350 pc and Auriga cloud seems to be between the Taurus cloud and the eastern end of the California cloud. We figured out that across the TPA complex region, there might be some correlation between the LSR velocity and the distance to each cloud in the complex.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2010

In China, the enhancement of water services has become the most crucial issue confronted with the rapid urbanization and industrialization process. A huge financial gap to meet the demand for water infrastructure and need for adopting advanced operation technology precipitated the rapid growth of PPP over the last 10 years. Diverse schemes of PPP such as TOT, Divestiture, and Management Contract and Lease have been practiced. Local governments and private investors/operator have adjusted their objectives and strategies to avoid potential pitfalls behind BOT projects in China. However, current academic research outcomes do not properly reflect important issues of BOT projects or related case studies in China. This limitation has brought in the lack of assessment of important risks and success factors required for the improvement of the body of risk management. In this regard, this study uses the market analysis method to identify major schemes of PPP water projects and conducts case studies on five PPP projects to identify key risk and success factors in association with each different scheme. It is expected that the risk and success factors identified from the cases will be used as reference to Korean companies which plan to enter the Chinese water market.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.268-278
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to subdivide responsive teaching types proposed in the previous study in order to observe the change in the responsive teaching types in teacher educational programs, and to identify factors that impede changes in responsive teaching types. To this end, an educational program including introduction of responsive teaching, case analysis of responsive teaching, individual assignments and group discussions on facilitator type educational scenarios is provided for chemistry teachers who participated in a chemistry education course established in a graduate school of education. Based on previous research, when the teacher's teaching method was analyzed as evaluator, transfer, guide and facilitatore, a type that could not be classified was observed. In this study, responsive teaching types were added by adding two types: explorer and interpreter. In addition, through individual assignments and group discussion data, we could observe the factors that hinder teachers' responsive teaching changes. The obstacles that impede the change to responsive teaching were classified into teacher factors, student factors, and environmental factors. Among the obstacles, teacher factors include a belief in teacher-led instruction, a belief in the role of a teacher as a transfer of knowledge, a belief that the curriculum should be followed, a lack of understanding of the teacher about students, and a lack of the teacher's ability to lead student-led expansion. The student factor was distrust of the student's competence. Also, as an environmental factor, there was an educational environment such as multi-students class. Effective teacher education on responsive teaching can be achieved only when the perception related to these obstacles can be removed.