• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease in individuals with compromised immune systems. Fungal invasion is a highly critical process during host cellular infection. Several papers have reported that transcription factors are responsible for the infection process. To investigate what transcription factors are involved in the process in an effort to inhibit fungal infection into cells, I checked the surfactant protein family and PU.1 transcription factor levels in A549 cells infected with A. fumigatus conidia. PU.1 and surfactant protein-D levels were reduced in cells infected with fungal conidia. I then observed an increase in surfactant protein-D on PU.1-overexpressed cells. Infection of A. fumigatus conidia was decreased in PU.1-overexpressed cells, whereas the suppression of PU.1 did not lead to any changes in cases of A. fumigatus conidia infection. These results indicate that PU.1 inhibits the infection of A. fumigatus conidia via the expression of surfactant protein-D, suggesting that PU.1 is a key transcription factor for protection against A. fumigatus invasion.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2013

The TCP domain is a DNA-binding domain present in plant transcription factors and has a similar structural feature to the bHTH motif of eukaryotic transcription factors. The imino proton exchange study has been performed for the DNA duplex containing the consensus DNA-binding site for the AtTCP11 transcription factor. The first two base pairs in the consensus 5'-GTGGG-3' sequence are relatively very unstable but lead to greater stabilization of the neighboring two G C base pairs. These unique dynamic features of the five base pairs in the consensus DNA sequence might play crucial roles in the effective DNA binding of the AtTCP11 protein.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2006

$NF-{\kappa}B$ is a transcription factor involved in the innate immunity against bacterial infection and inflammation. It is also known to render cells resistant to the apoptosis caused by some anticancer drugs. Such a chemoresistance of cancer cells may be related to the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor; however, the mechanism of activation is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that a chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide, independently stimulates the $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation pathway and PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway: The classical $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation pathway leads to the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p65 subunit through $IKK{\beta}$ kinase, whereas the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway plays a distinct role in activating this transcription factor. The PI3-kinase/Akt pathway acts on the p50 subunit of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor and enhances the DNA binding affinity of the p50 protein. It may also explain the role of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway in the anti-apoptotic function of $NF-{\kappa}B$ during chemoresistance of cancer cells.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.25-26
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• 2003

There is increasing interest in the involvement of transcription factors, such as of the transcription factor NF-kB (nuclear factor-kB), in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The involvement ofNF-kB is especially of interest as it is activated by oxidative stress and its activation can be modulated by antioxidant compounds. (omitted)

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 제3회 추계심포지움
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• pp.23-27
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• 1995

세포내에서의 유전자 발현의 다양성은 여러 종류의 외부자극에 의해 항상 조절되어 지고 있다. 유전자 발현의 조절기전과정에서 여러 transcription factor들이 중심적 역할을 하는 것이 알려져 있다. Transcription factor의 활성도는 원핵 생물과 진핵 생물 공히 protein phosphorylation과정을 통하여 조절되어지는 공통의 경로를 거치게 된다. 이러한 protein 인산화과정은 상창에 따른 post-translational modification과정으로서 세포표면에 위치한 각각의 수용체(receptor)들이 신호를 인지하여 그 반응으로서 신속하게 transcription factor의 활성을 조절하기 위한 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2012

Sarsasapogenin (SAR) is a steroidal sapogenin that is used as starting material for the industrial synthesis of steroids. It has various pharmacological benefits, such as antitumor and antidepressant activities. Since its effect on melanin biosynthesis has not been reported, we used murine melanocyte melan-a cells to investigate whether SAR influences melanogenesis. In this study, SAR significantly increased the melanin content of the melan-a cells from 1 to 10 ${\mu}M$. Based on an enzymatic activity assay using melan-a cell lysate, SAR had no effect on tyrosinase and DOPAchrome tautomerase activities. It also did not affect the protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein 1 and DOPAchrome tautomerase. However, protein levels of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor were strongly stimulated by treatment with SAR. Therefore, our reports suggest that SAR treatment may induce melanogenesis through the stimulation of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression in melan-a cells.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2023

The plant-specific NAC transcription factors control various biological processes, including plant development and stress responses. We have isolated an ANAC032 gene, one of the NAC transcription factor family, which was highly activated by multi-abiotic stresses, including high salt and drought in Arabidopsis. Here, we generated transgenic plants constitutively expressing ANAC032 and its knockout to identify the functional roles of ANAC032 in Arabidopsis under abiotic stress responses. The ANAC032-overexpressing plants showed enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. The anac032 knockout mutants were observed no significant changes under the high salt and drought conditions. We also monitored the expression of high salt and drought stress-responsive genes in the ANAC032 transgenic plants and anac032 mutant. The ANAC032 overexpression upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, RD29A and ERD10, under the stresses. Thus, our data identify that transcription factor ANAC032 plays as an enhancer for salinity and drought tolerance through the upregulation of stress-responsive genes and provides useful genetic traits for generating multi-abiotic stress-tolerant forage crops.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.879-886
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• 2000

연구배경: 폐특이 전사조절 유전자인 Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1)유전자는 폐에 선택적인 유전자의 표현의 조절에 중요한 전사인자로 작용하고 폐의 발생에서 morphogenic protein으로서 작용한다. 그러나 현재까지 이 TTF-1 유전자의 전사인자에 대한 연구는 거의 미미하다. DNase 1 hypersensitive(DH) regions은 활동적인 염색체에 대한 중요한 표식자이며 유전자를 조절하는 많은 DNA sequences와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 방법 : 추정적인 distal regulatory elements를 밝혀 내기 위해서 TTF-1을 표현하는 인간의 폐선암 세포주인 NCI-H441을 사용해 DNase 1 hypersensitive site assay를 이용하였다. 결과 : TTF-1 유전자에는 전사의 시작부위에서 +150, -450, -800, 그리고 -1500 base pair부위에 4곳의 DH sites가 있음을 할 수 있었다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 전사 조절부위가 TTF-1 유전자 내에 그리고 5' prime부위에 위치함을 추정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2010

Purpose: Bone tissues for clinical application can be improved by studies on osteoblast differentiation. Runx2 is known to be an important transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 treatment to stimulate Runx2 is not sufficient to acquire enough bone formation in osteoblasts. Therefore, it is necessary to find other regulatory factors which can improve the transcriptional activity of Runx2. The erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family is reported to be involved in various aspects of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Methods: We have noticed that the promoters of osteoblast differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Oc) contain Ets binding sequences which are also close to Runx2 binding elements. Luciferase assays were performed to measure the promoter activities of these osteoblast differentiation markers after the transfection of Runx2, myeloid Elf-1-like factor (MEF), and Runxs+MEF. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was also done to check the mRNA levels of Opn after Runx2 and MEF transfection into rat osteoblast (ROS) cells. Results: We have found that MEF, an Ets transcription factor, increased the transcriptional activities of Alp, Opn, and Oc. The addition of Runx2 resulted in the 2- to 6-fold increase of the activities. This means that these two transcription factors have a synergistic effect on the osteoblast differentiation markers. Furthermore, early introduction of these two Runx2 and MEF factors significantly elevated the expression of the Opn mRNA levels in ROS cells. We also showed that Runx2 and MEF proteins physically interact with each other. Conclusions: Runx2 interacts with MEF proteins and binds to the promoters of the osteoblast markers such as Opn nearby MEF to increase its transcriptional activity. Our results also imply that osteoblast differentiation and bone formation can be increased by activating MEF to elicit the synergistic effect of Runx2 and MEF.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1043-1050
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• 2015

신경과흥분은 신경세포의 수지돌기 말단부에 있는 흥분성 수용체에 대한 과도한 자극에 의해서 신경세포가 손상을 받는 현상으로 transcription factor의 발현을 유도하여 통증을 유발하는 자극, 학습, 발작, 흥분, 신경변성, 저산소성 국소빈혈, 뇌신경손상, 신경절제, 약제내성 등의 원인이 된다. 신경과흥분은 정상농도 이상의 NMDA에 의해서도 유발되는데 본 논문에서는 mouse의 복강으로 과량의 NMDA를 투여하여 소뇌에서 RT-PCR 방법으로 Inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, c-jun, JunB, FosB) mRNAs의 상대적 발현량을 비교하였다. NMDA를 투여한 군에서 inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, C-Jun, JunB, FosB)가 투여량과 시간의 경과에 따라 다양한 발현의 변화를 보였으며, NMDA투여 후 일정한 시간에서 투여한 양에 대한 변화는 체중 g 당 5 μg의 NMDA투여한 경우에 현저한 변화가 나타났다. 조사한 transcription factor 중에서 JunB의 발현 변화가 다른 transcription factor보다 두드러지게 나타났다. NMDA 투여량이 일정할 때 투여 후 경과 시간에 따른 발현양상은 투여 후 24시간이 경과한 후에 발현의 변화가 두드러지게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 대부분 이 48시간 경과 후 발현이 최고치에 도달하였다. 이러한 결과는 과흥분이 유도된 소뇌에서의 유전자 발현의 변화를 2D-gel 또는 microarray와 같은 방법을 이용하여 세포 내의 전체 단백질 혹은 유전자의 변화를 관찰함으로써 NMDA 수용체의 과흥분에 의한 뇌세포의 사멸에 관련된 기전을 밝힐 수 있는 좋은 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.