• BMB Reports
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2018

Transcription termination factor-1 (TTF-I) is an RNA polymerase 1-mediated transcription terminator and consisting of a C-terminal DNA-binding domain, central domain, and N-terminal regulatory domain. This protein binds to a so-called 'Sal box' composed of an 11-base pair motif. The interaction of TTF-I with the 'Sal box' is important for many cellular events, including efficient termination of RNA polymerase-1 activity involved in pre-rRNA synthesis and formation of a chromatin loop. To further understand the role of TTF-I in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I virus production, we generated various TTF-I mutant forms. Through a series of studies of the over-expression of TTF-I and its derivatives along with co-transfection with either proviral DNA or HIV-I long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven reporter vectors, we determined that wild-type TTF-I downregulates HIV-I LTR activity and virus production, while the TTF-I Myb-like domain alone upregulated virus production, suggesting that wild-type TTF-I inhibits virus production and trans-activation of the LTR sequence; the Myb-like domain of TTF-I increased virus production and trans-activated LTR activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.448-458
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• 2009

It has been well documented from animal and human studies that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has numerous beneficial effects on health. In chickens, CLA exerts many effects on performance ranging from egg quality and yolk lipids to meat quality. Although there are several CLA isomers available, not all CLA isomers have the same incorporation rates into egg yolk: cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers are more favorably deposited into egg yolk than other isomers investigated, but of the two isomers, the former has a higher incorporation rate than the latter. CLA alters the amounts and profiles of lipids in plasma, muscles and liver. Furthermore, increased liver weight was reported in chickens fed dietary CLA. As observed in egg yolk, marked reduction in intramuscular lipids as well as increased protein content was observed in different studies, leading to elevation in protein-to-fat ratio. Inconsistency exists for parameters such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production rate and mortality, depending upon experimental conditions. One setback is that hard-cooked yolks from CLA-consuming hens have higher firmness as refrigeration time and CLA are increased, perhaps owing to alterations in physico-chemistry of yolk. Another is that CLA can be detrimental to hatchability when provided to breeders: eggs from these breeders have impaired development in embryonic and neonatal stages, and have increased and decreased amounts of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), respectively. Thus, both problems can be fully resolved if dietary sources rich in MUFAs are provided together with CLA. Emerging evidence suggests that CLA exerts a critical impact on stress and immune functions as it can completely nullify some of the adverse effects produced by immune challenges and reduce mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, CLA is a key regulator of genes that may be responsible for lipid metabolism in chickens. CLA down-regulates both expression of the gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and its protein activity in the chicken liver while up-regulating mRNA of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-l.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7265-7270
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• 2013

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the probable mechanisms of synthetic retinoid 4-amino-2-tri-fluoromethyl-phenyl ester (ATPR) inhibition of the proliferation and migration of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: After the A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of ATPR or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for 72 h, scratch-wound assays were performed to assess migration. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the distribution of CAV1 and $RXR{\alpha}$, while expression of CAV1, MLCK, MLC, P38, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38 were detected by Western blotting. Results: ATPR could block the migration of A549 cells. The relative migration rate of ML-7 group had significantly decreased compared with control group. In addition, ATPR decreased the expression of a migration related proteins, MLCK, and phosphorylation of MLC and P38. ATPR could also influence the expression of RARs or RXRs. At the same time, CAV1 accumulated at cell membranes, and $RXR{\alpha}$ relocated to the nucleus after ATPR treatment. Conclusions: Caveolae may be implicate in the transport of ATPR to the nucleus. Change in the expression and distribution of $RXR{\alpha}$ may be implicated in ATPR inhibition of A549 cell proliferation. The mechanisms of ATPR reduction in A549 cell migration may be associated with expression of MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC and P38.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.50-70
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• 2013

창조경제 새로운 패러다임의 변화는 사회적 관계의 변화에 영향을 끼치고 있으며, 소셜 네트워크 서비스 등의 발전에 따라 나타나는 새로운 관계의 공간적 특성에도 영향을 끼치고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 변화에 영향을 미치는 동력을 '소셜 네트워크 리소스(social network resource)'로 명명하고, 그에 따라 나타나는 제반 특징과 경제지리학적 관점에서의 공간적 특성을 설명하고자 하였다. '소셜 네트워크 리소스'는 개방성과 공유, 참여, 협력의 특징을 보여주는 동시에, 공간적으로는 로컬과 글로벌의 특징을 모두 아우르는 소위 '트랜스 로컬리티'의 특성을 보이고 있는데, 서울시의 사회적 지식공유 웹 플랫폼인 '위키서울닷컴'의 사례를 통해 그러한 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 물리적자원, 인적자원, 정보자원의 특성과 함께 관계자원으로서의 특징이 모두 나타나고 있으며, 이러한 특징에 공간이 투영되어, 사회적 관계가 공간에 표출되는 질적 공간의 특성 또한 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제16권3_2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

정보화 사회의 발달은 인간생활에 많은 편익을 제공하는 반면에, 새로운 유형의 위협을 증대시키고 있다. 특히 사이버테러는 컴퓨터체계와 정보통신망으로 구성된 네트워크상에서 발생하고 있으며 그 방법과 피해규모는 심각한 수준에 이르고 있다. 즉 사이버테러는 현실세계가 아니라 가상공간에서 발생하여 공격주체가 누구인지?(비가시성, 비정형성), 어디에서 공격을 하는 것인지?(초국가성) 등 그 실체파악이 대단히 어려운 실정이다. 사이버테러를 시행하는 해커는 개인 혹은 소규모단체의 수준임에도 불구하고, 국가의 안전을 위협할 수 있는 새로운 위협을 제시하면서 현재도 그 위협의 양상과 규모를 더욱 진화시키고 있다. 북한의 사이버테러 규모와 능력은 세계적 수준으로 평가되고 있다. 최근 북한은 사이버테러 역량강화에 주력하고 있다. 이에 한국 안보에 직접인 위협으로 부상하고 있는 사이버테러에 대한 대응체계 개선은 선택이 아니라 국가생존을 위한 필수적인 과제이다. 따라서 한국은 북한과 주변국가로부터 발생하는 사이버테러에 선제적으로 대응하기 위해서 국가차원의 통합된 컨트롤타워 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 법적 제도적 장치를 시급히 보완해야 한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

피부장벽을 포함한 표피층은 인체의 조직 가운데에서도 가장 역동적인 기관이다. 다시 말해서 끊임없이 새로운 표피세포의 형성, 분화 및 탈각과정이 반복되면서 표피항상성(epidermal homeostasis)을 유지한다. 표피항상성은 피부기능 가운데 가장 주요한 기능인 permeability barrier homeostasis의 확립으로 연결된다. Permeability barrier homeostasis는 각질층에서 이루어지며 이를 형성하고 유지하기 위해 매우 정교하게 조절되어야 한다. 표피항상성을 조절하는 핵심 조절인자로서 nuclear hormone receptor(NHR)가 중심에 있음이 최근 다양한 연구를 통해 입증되었다. 이들은 각질세포 특이적인 단백질, 즉, involucrin, loricrin 및 trans-glutaminase 1(TG 1) 등의 발현을 유전자 수준에서 조절할 뿐 아니라 표피 지질성분의 생합성을 증가시키는 등 피부장벽을 구성하는 brick 및 mortar의 생성과 유지에 핵심적 역할을 하는 것으로 알려졌다. NHR 가운데 peroxisome proliferator activator receptor(PPAR)와 liver X receptor(LXR)의 activator/ligands가 리놀레인산 등 지방산, leukotriene, prostanoid 및 oxygenated sterol 등이 지질대사과정에서 형성된 지질 종류인 까닭에 liposensor로도 알려지고 있다. 따라서 liposensor들을 비롯한 PPAR과 LXR activator/ligands들은 피부장벽기능이 저해된 아토피성 피부를 포함하여 건조피부를 관리하는 epidermotherapy의 수단으로서 잠재적 가능성이 있다고 생각된다.

• 트랜스-
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• 제13권
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• pp.141-169
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• 2022

서사 텍스트에 대한 분석은 학술적으로나 실용적으로 중요하게 여겨져 왔으며 여러 관점과 방법으로 이루어져 왔다. 이 논문에서는 정보처리 관점에서의 전산적 서사 분석 방법론을 살펴보았다. 정보처리 관점에서 서사의 창작과 수용은 서사 텍스트에 의해 매개된 양방향적 코딩 과정이고, 서사 텍스트는 다층적으로 구조화된 코드라고 할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 이런 관점을 공유하는 네 가지 방법론 - 캐릭터 네트워크 분석, 텍스트 마이닝과 감성 분석, 사건 구성의 연속성 분석, 서사 에이전트의 지식 분석 -을 사례와 함께 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 서사 분석에 있어 전산적 방법론의 메커니즘과 가능성을 확인하였다. 결론에서는 전산적 서사 분석의 의의와 부작용을 살펴보고, 인문학과 과학기술 통섭에 바탕한 인간-컴퓨터 협업 모델 설계의 필요성을 논의하였다. 이를 통해 미적으로 창의적이고, 윤리적으로 선하며, 정치적으로 진보적이고, 인지적으로 정교한 서사를 보다 효과적으로 만들어 나갈 수 있음을 주장하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1397-1410
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• 2021

The present study was designed to determine the influence of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on adipogenesis-related gene regulation in bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells during differentiation. Bovine IM and SC adipocytes were isolated from three 19-mo-old, crossbred steers. Adipogenic differentiation was induced upon cultured IM and SC preadipocytes with various doses (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) of ATRA. After 96 h of incubation, cells were harvested and used to measure the gene expression of CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), and Smad transcription factor 3 (Smad3) relative to the quantity of ribosomal protein subunit 9 (RPS 9). Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist also tested to identify the effect of ATRA on PPARγ -RAR related gene expression in IM cells. The addition of ATRA to bovine IM decreased (p < 0.05) expression of PPARγ. The expression of PPARγ was also tended to be downregulated (p < 0.1) in high levels (10 µM) of ATRA treatment in SC cells. The treatment of RAR antagonist increased the expression of PPARγ in IM cells. Expression of C/EBPβ decreased (p < 0.05) in SC, but no change was observed in IM (p > 0.05). Increasing levels of ATRA may block adipogenic differentiation via transcriptional regulation of PPARγ. The efficacy of ATRA treatment in adipose cells may vary depending on the location.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

The core of the foreign policy of the Yoon Suk-yeol government is the promotion of active economic and security diplomacy as indicated in Policy Tasks No. 98. To this end, economic consultative bodies such as Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement(RCEP), Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) are taking the initiative to respond to the formation of supply chain, human rights, environment, and digital-related norms, and actively support Korean companies' overseas expansion. Due to the nature of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) as an organization established centered on the space of the ocean, the MOF faces difficulties in bringing the functions of other ministries into the space of the ocean. Considering the vision, objectives, and detailed plans of the MOF, the contribution of the MOF in the field of active economic security, one of the main foreign policies of the Yoon Suk-yeol government, is perhaps too obvious. However, since the re-launch of the MOF, the ODA budget for the oceans and fisheries sector is too small compared to other ministries, so even if new policy demands are discovered, there are many difficulties in implementing these policies in practice. Recognizing these problems, this paper examines the background and contents of foreign policies that have been promoted for the efficient promotion of RCEP, CPTPP and IPEF and introduces the areas of cooperation in the oceans and fisheries sector in these foreign policies.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2014

Tissue-specific gene expression is regulated by epigenetic modification involving trans-acting factors. Here, we identified that the human MAGEB16 gene and its mouse homolog, Mageb16, are only expressed in the testis. To investigate the mechanism governing their expression, the promoter methylation status of these genes was examined in different samples. Two CpG islands (CGIs) in the 5' upstream region of MAGEB16 were highly demethylated in human testes, whereas they were methylated in cells without MAGEB16 expression. Similarly, the CGI in Mageb16 was hypomethylated in mouse testes but hypermethylated in other tissues and cells without Mageb16 expression. Additionally, the expression of these genes could be activated by treatment with the demethylation agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5'-aza-CdR). Luciferase assays revealed that both gene promoter activities were inhibited by methylation of the CGI regions. Therefore, we propose that the testis-specific expression of MAGEB16 and Mageb16 is regulated by the methylation status of their promoter regions.