• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.46-54
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• 2006

The present study examined Marcos Novak, a digital architect who has researched digital architecture and produced related works since the early 1990s. Starting from digital ideas originating from science and mathematics, he pursued 'trans architecture' based on the concept of 'architecture beyond the boundary of architecture' and 'architecture as invisible foundation.' His concept of 'trans architecture' is considered an important viewpoint in expressing the architecture of a diversified and hybridized age like today. The objective of this study was to understand the concepts of Allobio and Eversion, which are important digital terms forming the background of Novak's trans architecture, and to analyze architecture philosophy and architecture design concepts observed in his works through Novak's digital terminology centering on the concept of trans architecture pursued by him. Through this, we purposed to analyze the concept of architectural space, methods of form creation and the characteristics of trans architecture space, which were unique to Novak, the leader of digital architecture, and ultimately to provide basic materials on Novak. Novak's trans architecture represents digital architecture in the contemporary diversified and hybridized age, and his works involve various different digital elements and ideas, scientific paradigms, mathematic algorithms, 4 dimensional geometry, etc. In this sense, he is regarded as a prominent leading advocate of digital architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

The increasing complexity of design disciplines expects new theoretical contribution to re-examine the territory of their own practice. The ambition of this paper is to theorize the possibilities of trans-disciplinary landscape architecture with the following three perspectives. First, it traces the canonical influence of Picturesque aesthetics as an agency to confirm the trans-disciplinary work at around-Olmsted period. Second, it investigates the evolving role of collaboration in contemporary Dutch landscape architectural context with the comparison to American modernist approaches to legitimate the trans-disciplinary mechanism. Third, it articulates three series of 'The-Idea-of-Nature' and the trans-disciplinary productions derived from each idea within a theoretical terrain of landscape architecture. And eventually, the author proposes 'multiplicity' of nature, replacing conventional concept of singular nature, to mobilize the location of this discipline and to project the possibility of new core ground beyond the existing theoretical gravity.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.311-338
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• 2016

In the race for establishing trading architecture consistent with new landscape of the global economy, the US is ahead of the game by concluding the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement with 11 countries. To make it reality, the ratification is essential. In the battle for ratification in the US, declining globalism confronts rising protectionism. This paper models the ratification process as contest between globalism and protectionism, and analyzes the optimal timing for ratification. Based on this framework, various ratification scenarios are analyzed. The paper argues less likelihood for the lame-duck session passage and more likelihood for prolonged and protracted delay, due to changing political dynamics and declining intellectual support for globalism. Hence, the future of Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement may prove different, compared to the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement, both of which were renegotiated and ratified eventually. Then, the US would lose the first move advantage. The paper also discusses strategic implications of delayed ratification on the evolution of trading architecture in East Asia.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.160-165
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• 2003

Art of today is expressed in various images incorporated in industrial development and visible in industrial parks, modern cities. Avant garde art and modernism brought abstract and conceptual art into conflict in the early 20th century and they absorbed elements of each other and grew into post modernism, which emerged in the 1960s and is still current. The avant garde challenged what was lofty and sometimes opposed modernism and sometimes fed it in cycles until post modernism was established. 'Trans avant garde', which, unlike modernism asserted individual expression, also appeared in the 1970s. Trans avant garde is spiritual art in which the artist's conversation with his soul returns. This study examines the readjustments the trans avant garde is making in its relationship with the dominant ethos of different values and offers the world art with important spiritual beauty. Trans avant garde art takes many forms, from thing to huge, which are manifested every where in architecture, interior design and everyday life.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2008

'The eye' and 'the gaze' organize the visual system and distinguish the subject from the others. Recent philosophical thoughts have forcefully argued against the tradition characterized by the domination of the eye that assimilates the alterity of the others to one's own, cancels their alterity, and totalizes their differences within himself. In the speculative discourse modeled on the eye, the alienation of self in its other and the reflection of the object are linked together in such a way as to form a totality in which they are reflected into one's another, leaving absolutely no remainder outside. By contrast to this totalizing tendency of the eye, Sartre and Lacan propose the gaze that becomes constitutive of vision. The modern architecture reinforced subject's eye and clearly separated the others from subject Through Descartes's visual paradigm, space became homogeneous and nature was seized by architecture. However, recently the clear boundary between subject and object is disappearing. Lacan insisted that oneself's eye and the other's gaze are mixed up in human sight This means that the boundary between the subject and the other is indistinct and also the boundary between an object and landscape is meaningless in architecture. The overthrow of gaze in contemporary architecture appears in the form of trans-boundary, translucency and widen architectural notion and expression.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

A low-power compact driver for multistandard physical layer is presented. The proposed driver achieves low power and small area through the voltage-mode driver with trans-impedance configuration and the novel hybrid driver,. In the voltage-mode driver, a trans-impedance configuration alleviates the problem of limited common-mode range of error amplifiers and the area and power overhead due to pre-amplifier. For a standard with extended output swing, only current sources are added in parallel with the voltage-mode driver, which is named a 'hybrid driver'. The hybrid architecture not only increases output swing but reduces overall driver area. The overall driver occupies $0.14mm^2$. Power consumptions under 3.3-V supply are 24.5 mW for the voltage-mode driver and 44.5 mW for the hybrid driver.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.113-135
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• 2015

The word 'urbanity' literally means 'quality or state of being urban' where the criterion of urban economic and civic culture is assumed despite the general celebration of cultural uniqueness of urban centers. The narratives celebrating the uniqueness of urban centers since the ancient past till recent times could not get rid of the broad categorization of the urban models depending on their contextual networks of trade, mobility and culture. This paper attempts to explore whether the urban cultures in South Asia even preceding a global phenomenon like colonialism were actually reflecting an idea of urbanity where the urban culture, including planning and architecture reflected a trans-national model. This paper particularly concentrates on the medieval period when a pattern of urbanity took shape in this subcontinent under the influence of Islam, which could be explained by its particular idea of urban model, cultural exchange and vibrant trade networks.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.6B
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• pp.355-368
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• 2005

The need for a unified data communication for home digital devices and realtime multimedia services in home network has led to recent research on home gateway over the broadcasting and communication convergence network. In this paper, we discuss requirement for such home gateway design and define services that the home gateway provides. Then, we propose a home gateway architecture aimed to efficient multimedia distribution for heterogeneous devices in the home network. The proposed home gateway has a role of protocol gateway, media server, and media trans-coder. Finally, we show the feasibility of the proposed home gateway in several multimedia distribution scenario.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.134-141
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• 2005

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the influential modernist architects in early 20th century, had an great effort to found the modern architecture through various kinds of works. Conceptually he tried to develop the trans-temporal architecture language by involving a reintegration of countermanding principles in both ideas and practices for designing buildings. The model for his striving to find such a synthesis or a dynamic form was the neo-classicism of K. F Schinkel, inasmuch as Schinkel endeavored to combine the classical rationalistic order with the creative act of construction and to make these two melt into his age. In the same horizon with that Mies van der Rohe attempted to express the industrialized civilization of his time as a given fact, though this phenomenal substance was the only authentic form that has been conceivable to the people. For him the modern technology was regarded as the manifestation of rationalistic transcendency, which can be interpreted always consequentially. Here In this context this study is purposed to consider through the analysis of the ground ideas of architecture and the designed chairs, how commensurable the tectonic value (in the architecture) that is constantly evident in his works and the various autonomous drives toward deformalization (in the furniture design) that is concerned with his interest for cultural situation and materiality of form are with each other. And then it will be tried to prove, that on the ground of the trans-temporal achitecture language the furniture design of Mies van der Rohe, which emphasizes curves as individual forms, could correspond to his architecture that lays priority to space and construction

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.499-505
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• 2017

Photoisomerizing molecules which can transform their structure by the light irradiation have great deal for the application of photo-switching devices. And azobenzene is the representive type of the photoisomerizing molecules. It can transform their trans- structures into cis- structure as the light for certain wave lengths they receive. This property shows the potential of ON/OFF switching functionalization which can be used into the nano scale photo switch. Furthermore, many studies are interested in the organic linkers that connect the azobenzene and metal electrodes. We used S, $CH_2S$, $(CH_2)_4S$ as the linker to watch the influence of linkers for electronic properties. So We suggest a photoswitching device based on the vertical junction using the first-principles calculations with density functional theory and non-equilibrium Greens function (NEGF). By analyzing the electronic structure and tunneling current caused by the structural difference of the system between cis- and trans- azobenzene, the difference in switching mechanism, ON/OFF ratio and transmission will be watched as the linker changes. And finally We will suggest which linker would be the better for the optimal device architecture which can achieve high control of the ON/OFF photocurrent ratio. This result will show the potential of azobenzene-based photoswitch and provide the critical insight in constructing the optimal device architecture.