• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2019

Purpose: Several published policy statements have warned against the risks associated with trampoline use and recommended safety guidelines. However, few studies have focused on trampoline-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries presented to Ulsan University Hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years with trampoline-related injuries who visited our Emergency Department between 2008 and 2017. Results: Over the 10-year period, 178 trampoline-related injuries were reported, which represented a significant increase (P=0.016). Most (87.6%) of the injuries occurred during the last 5 study years, and a rapid increase in injuries was observed in children aged <6 years. Lower extremity injuries (62.4%) were the most common, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, head and face, and trunk, including injuries to the neck and spine. Sixty-seven children (37.6%) had fractures, and proximal tibia fractures were the most common. Fractures were significantly more common in younger children (<6 years old) than in older children (P=0.026). Conclusion: In Korea, the mechanism of trampoline injury is similar to that of injuries incurred in indoor trampoline parks but is characterized by smaller spaces and multiple users. Trampoline use and the incidence of trampoline-related injuries in children aged <6 years are increasing rapidly. Prohibiting the use of trampolines for children aged <6 years, restricting simultaneous use by multiple children, and ensuring adult supervision should be strictly emphasized. Public awareness and policy guidelines are needed to reduce the incidence of trampoline-related injuries.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1982

수직뛰기 운동을 위한 mini-trampoline은 운동중 인체에 미치는 중력가속도를 변화시킴으로써 그 효과를 나타낸다고 하므로, mini-trampoline 운동중에 피검자가 받는 중력가속도를 다음과 같은 방법으로 측정하였다. 피검자로 하여금 mini-trampoline상에서 최대의 높이로 수직뛰기를 반복시키고, 그 뒷벽에는 3인치 간격의 눈금을 표시하여 뛰는 높이를 알 수 있게 하였다. 수직뛰기를 하는 동안에 super-8 mm 영사기로 초당 48 frames의 속도로 촬영한 후 각 frame에 나타난 피검자의 두정부 높이를 알아내었다. 수직뛰기하는 동안 시간에 대한 머리높이의 면화를 graph에 그려서 상승뛰기 운동시의 최대속도를 계산하였다. 이 결과로 부터 Arizona State University의 Crash Survival Investigator's School에서 고안한 다음의 공식을 사용하여 중력가속도(G)를 계산하였다. $$G={\frac{0.7854{\cdot}V^2}{32.2S}}$$ V = 상승운동시 나타난 최대속도 (fps) S = 하강운동시 정지거리 (ft) 본 연구에서 V는 약 9fps 였고, S는 0.61 ft 였으며 따라서 G는 $3.24+G_z$였다. 인체가 친밀 수 있는 증력가속도의 한계가 $+G_z$방향으로 0.1초동안 20G이며 $-G_z$방향으로 0.1초 동안 15G임을 고러할 때 mini-trampoline운동으로써 얻을 수 있는 중력가속도는 인체에 유해할 만큼 큰 것이 아니라는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.1342-1345
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• 2011

A valid scenario generation is essential for model checking software. This paper suggests an automated scenario generation technique through the analysis of function called-by graphs and call graphs of the program source code. We provide the verification process including the scenario generation and show application results on the Trampoline operating system using CBMC as a back-end model checker.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Purpose : This study investigates the effects on balanced ability and ankle joint muscle following balance pad and trampoline training periods in order to report a clinical directing about this matter. Methods : A total of nine members participated in a balance training program that put a balance pad and trampoline to use. Participants trained three times a week for thirty minutes in groups of six. Resting time was set for two minutes. EMG (median frequency and root mean square) was used to measure muscle activity at 3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively. The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles were measured. Participants were measured with eyes open and closed. Results : The median frequency showed a significant difference according to the change in time in both muscles. Also, results showed a significant interaction between eyes open and closed in the gastrocnemius muscle. The root mean square only showed a significant difference according to the change in time in the gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion : We suggest that the balance pad and trampoline training influence a decrease in the recruitment rate of slow twitch muscles through an improvement in balance ability; however, the training did not show a statistically significant difference with regards to eyes open and closed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to know the influence of the difference in shoulder slope from balance training. Method : Training was divided that the 10 people were a Trampoline group, 10 people were a Togu group, 8 people were a Balance Board group and 9 people were a Control group. Method of the training was that the Trampoline group was carried out on the Trampoline. The training was carried out totally 2 times of 8 set per a week and had a break time during 10 seconds after carried out 30 seconds per one set. Togu group was carried out totally 2 times of 5 minutes per a week and had a break time during 30 seconds after carried out 2 minutes per one set. Balance Board group was carried out totally 2 times of 5 minutes per a week and had a break time 30 seconds after carried out 2 minutes per one set. Data was analyzed by repeated measure of one way ANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA. Result : The shoulder of the slope difference decreased significantly after balance training. The Trampoline group decreased from $3.13{\pm}1.01$ to $2.37{\pm}1.11$, the Togu group decreased from $3.78{\pm}0.85$ to $3.78{\pm}0.85$, the Balance Board group decreased from $1.78{\pm}0.82$ to $1.65{\pm}0.59$ and the Control group decreased from $1.77{\pm}1.16$ to $1.61{\pm}0.62$. Conclusion : The effectiveness improved in the order Togu group, Trampoline group, Balance Board group and Control group from the result of the balance training about difference of slope shoulder.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2015

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of calf muscle massage on the balance of low extremities and flexibility of both ankles. Methods. The subjects were 16 healthy adults(men 8, women 8). The group was applied effleurage, tapotement, pressure forms of massage on their calf muscles. The intervention was offered during 3 minutes per one leg, to a total of 6 minutes. We assessed their balance and flexibility of both ankles using Functional reaching test(FRT) and One leg standing test(OLST) with trampoline before and after applying massage. Results. In this study, the data shows the ability of FRT and the ability of OLST with trampoline is improved in massage group. Conclusions. These results suggest that massages help to improve the balance of low extremities and the flexibility of both ankles.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive exercise (PE) using a trampoline and a balance board on a balance ability after stroke. Method : Sixteen chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly assigned to the PE group or control group (8 experimental, 8 control). All of participants were in-patients at local rehabilitation centre and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. The PE group have additionally undergone for four weeks, three days a week, the PE using a trampoline and a balance board under supervision by a physical therapist but control group was not received any additional program except the traditional rehabilitation program. The position sense test used to assess a proprioceptive sense at a knee joint. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test to measure the balance ability were carried out before and after the training. Result : After the training the error of position sense at knee joint of PE group significantly decreased compared to the control group. The PE group demonstrated a significant improvement in the scores of the BBS and TUG. Conclusion : The present study suggests that the PE program using a trampoline and balance board may become a useful tool for enhancing a balance ability in chronic stroke patients through the ennced proprioceptive position senses.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1683-1686
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• 2018

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common reason for seeking physical therapy (PT) care. Recent studies suggest that axial loading can have a positive impact on the intervertebral disc by improving its tensile strength. Further, whole body vibration (WBV) appears to improve spinal muscle relaxation. Therefore, this case study describes the use of axial loading using a mini-trampoline in a female with chronic LBP. This case report is a single subject design. This patient is a 29-year-old female with a six-month history of low back pain following a motor vehicle accident. MRI found herniated discs at L4 and L5, clinical tests were positive for pain in the L4 and L5 dermatome and myotome the slump test was positive for neural tension, and LBP was constant at 4-6/10 over the past four months. She received axial loading exercises using a mini-trampoline and performed six sessions that were, scheduled twice a week for three weeks. Her Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score improved from 40% at the time of her first visit to 22% at her final visit. Pain measure on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) after the first treatment was 7/10, and her pain after the final treatment was 0/10. These changes in the pain scores are clinically significant and exceed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). This patient had a significant improvement in her pain using the NPRS and the ODI. This case study suggests that axial loading may be an effective treatment for some individuals with discogenic chronic low back pain.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

고안전성이 요구되는 소프트웨어의 경우 극히 낮은 확률로 발생하는 오류로 인하여 전체시스템의 안전에 치명적인 상황을 야기할 수 있으므로, 철저한 안전성 검증이 요구된다. 하지만 모든 가능한 실행경로를 고려해야 하는 안전성 검증은 고비용이 발생한다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 안전성 검증의 고비용 문제를 개선하기 위해 안전성 특질을 기준으로 코드 슬라이싱 기법[1]을 구현한 도구를 개발하였다. 개발한 도구를 OSEK/VDX[2] 기반의 개방형 차량 전장용 운영체제인 Trampoline[3] 소스코드에 적용한 결과 분석 대상의 코드의 크기를 평균 71% 줄일 수 있었고, 실제 검증을 수행했을 시에도 도구 적용 이전보다 검증 비용을 절감할 수 있었음을 보였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2012

Due to strong ground motion of earthquake, the material in the landslide can travel a significant distance from the source. A new landslide model called Multiplex Acceleration Model (MAM) has been proposed to interpret the mechanism of long run-out movement of this type of landslide, considering earthquake behaviors on slope and landslide materials. In previous study, this model was verified by a shaking table test. However, there is a scale limitation of shaking table test to investigate MAM in detail. Thus, numerical simulation was carried out in this study to validate MAM under full scale. A huge rock ejected and A truck threw upwards by seismic force during Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms. 8.0) was discussed based on the simulation results. The results indicate that collisions in P-phase of earthquake and trampoline effect are important behaviors to interpret the mechanism of long run-out and high velocity. The results show that MAM is acceptable and applicable.