• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2017

Total debt in the People's Republic of China surged to nearly 290% as a ratio to GDP by the second quarter of 2016, mostly on account of non-financial corporate debt. The outpouring of credit to stem the impact of the global financial crisis accentuated industrial overcapacity in traditional sectors, such as steel, cement, and energy, while feeding asset bubbles in the property, equity and bond markets. At the Chinese corporate level, this has translated into weakened fundamentals and a fall in industrial profits, particularly of SOEs. As debtors struggle to service interest payments, non-performing loans (NPLs) have been on the rise. This paper assesses the financial fragility of the Chinese economy by looking at risk factors in the non-financial sector. We apply quantile regressions to a dataset containing all Chinese listed companies in Standard & Poor's IQ Capital database. We find higher sensitivity over time of corporate leverage to some of its key determinants, particularly for firms at the upper margin of the distribution. In particular, profitability increasingly acts as a curb on corporate leverage. At a time of falling profitability across the Chinese non-financial corporate sector, this eases the brake on leverage and may contribute to its continuing increase.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

E-commerce market has been increasing rapidly, which reflects the convenience and economic benefits associated with its usage. Unlike the traditional markets, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) becomes more important because e-commerce consumers can't experience the real product in the purchase decision-making process. In this regard, identifying the influencing factors to WOM of internet e-commerce site is very important. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of perceived and individual variables on WOM in the context of internet e-commerce site. In order to analyze the antecedents, we selected perceived and individual factors such as regret tendency scale, prior knowledge and merchandise attractiveness. In addition, we examined the role of gender as dummy and moderating variable. For empirical analysis, we surveyed real users of internet e-commerce site. As a result, all antecedents showed significant influence on WOM except regret tendency scale. Among the variables, the merchandise attractiveness has top standardized coefficient. Gender plays a role as moderating variable when only interacting with regret tendency scale. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for internet e-commerce providers.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 2002

Apart from the DEA method, the traditional measuring systems of container terminal productivities generally bring to light the partial productive efficiencies, because they evaluate only the productivity of each individual facility. However, these methods do not play roles of the reasonable productivity measures to compare and evaluate the efficiencies of terminals to meet the requirement of terminal customers like as shipping lines, shippers, etc. with the cutthroat competition in container handling market. As the suppliers of service, the terminals struggle to cope with the needs of buyers' markets due to the lack of suitable criteria to measure the efficiencies. Therefore, this paper uses the simulation approach to reveal which strategies enhance the productivities through the container terminal analysis. An additional intent of this paper is to build the active strategies to present what the experimental indexes like as norm-time exactness ratio, norm-time excess ratio, etc. compare between terminals to measure the total productivities for the age of global supply chain management. However, the experimental productivity indexes presented in this paper require a validation of the exact usefulness, by consideration from all angles in the future, and a development to more reasonable measuring method/indexes for the container terminal productivities.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.140-151
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• 1999

This research was designed to study the different kinds of ancient patterns applied to the Korean traditional suit and the symbolism associated with these patterns being used the prevalent Han-bok collections in markets. The shapes and changes in the use of the patterns can be summarized as follows. The published collections in the last 5 years were specifically concentrated between 1996 and 1997, proving that the development in Han-bok designs was most active during that time. But the trend decreased due to the effects of a depressed domestic economy. The plant pattern was the most utilized pattern for practical purposes. It looks beautiful and it is also easily manufactured with open space. Symmetrical and linear arrangements make customers feel stable at sight and these patterns tend to attract public gaze resulting in increased sales. There is a problem whether to continue using the existing patterns of the Han-bok without any correction or whether to copy the pattern of the kimono or the western suit. Copying other patterns definitely hurts the elegance of the Han-bok. It is time for us to not only keep our own traditions but also to study and develop new patterns that are distinct from the Chinese and Japanese patterns. The following are suggested as the basic materials.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate the financial difficulty of the elderly in each income group and to examine the factors having related influence. The study adopted models with Korean welfare panel material and examined factors that having influence upon low income elderly's selection on retail business. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigated the effects having influence upon the financial difficulty of elderly household as well as common household. It also examined independence variables having influence upon household's financial stress and found out the direction of financial control in elderly household. The study investigated the effect of financial stress upon economy to support consumption of the elderly. Results - In cases of financial difficulties, independent variables of the debt increased the financial difficulties of elderly households relying upon traditional markets. The elderly households had financial difficulties because of independent variables of the debt except for loan from financial institution. Conclusions - In this study, the elderly's financial stress had influence upon the use of retail business and the characteristics of residing and family. Further study shall give support policies for the elderly to alleviate financial burden.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

The Von Neumann based architecture of the modern computer has dominated the computing industry for the past 50 years, sparking the digital revolution and propelling us into today's information age. Recent research focus and market trends have shown significant effort toward the advancement and application of artificial intelligence technologies. Although artificial intelligence has been studied for decades since the Turing machine was first introduced, the field has recently emerged into the spotlight thanks to remarkable milestones such as AlexNet-CNN and Alpha-Go, whose neural-network based deep learning methods have achieved a ground-breaking performance superior to existing recognition, classification, and decision algorithms. Unprecedented results in a wide variety of applications (drones, autonomous driving, robots, stock markets, computer vision, voice, and so on) have signaled the beginning of a golden age for artificial intelligence after 40 years of relative dormancy. Algorithmic research continues to progress at a breath-taking pace as evidenced by the rate of new neural networks being announced. However, traditional Von Neumann based architectures have proven to be inadequate in terms of computation power, and inherently inefficient in their processing of vastly parallel computations, which is a characteristic of deep neural networks. Consequently, global conglomerates such as Intel, Huawei, and Google, as well as large domestic corporations and fabless companies are developing dedicated semiconductor chips customized for artificial intelligence computations. The AI Processor Research Laboratory at ETRI is focusing on the research and development of super low-power AI processor chips. In this article, we present the current trends in computation platform, parallel processing, AI processor, and super-threaded AI processor research being conducted at ETRI.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the uses of Aster scaber. The survey methodology employed was a questionnaire, which was used to interview 272 (37.8%) males and 448(62.2%) females from the Seoul and Kyunggido areas. The main results are as follows: 40-50 years old like and eat Aster scaber more frequently than 10-30 years old. The most popular reason provided for the preferance of Aster scaber was good health benefits. People indicating a dislike for Aster scaber had generally fewer previous experiences of eating this plant. Respondents who regularly ate healthy foods preferred prepared Aster scaber to others foods(p < .001). The main purchasing place was traditional markets and supermarkets. The main cooking method was boiling with addition of seasoning. Aster scaber was purported as having the following characteristics "low calories and thus great as diet food'(4.03), 'ability to prevent adult disease'(3.95), 'high in vitamins and minerals'(3.89), and 'high fiber content which prevented constipation'(3.85). However, it was not associated with 'astringent taste'(3.51) and was regarded as 'fat accumulation restrainer and remover of heavy metal'(3.53). Recognition and eating experience was low for Aster scaber kimchi and rice bread, bread, sauce and Aster scaber added health drinks. However opinion of its taste was regarded highly.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제32호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2002

Southeast Asian region cruise market is expected to be stable or grow in the near future depending on the region's economy. Star Cruises company, which has entirely dominated the regional market since 1998, has attempted to expand beyond traditional cruise routes in Southeast Asian region and develop new markets in Thailand and Dubai. Such a situation urges Korean shipyards to study on Southeast Asian region based cruise ships. This study is to suggest directions for planning of interior spaces of Southeast Asian region based cruise ships. In order to accomplish this purpose the market situation is analyzed and the adequate ship's tonnage(70,000grt class) is decided. According to mission-based design process the sizes of standard staterooms are set up first and then the sizes of the important structural parts of ship are calculated. Through analyzing the 26 cruise ships of 70,000grt class the kinds, locations and sizes of public rooms are grasped. And we inspect 4 cruise ships of Star Cruises, which are now being operated in Southeast Asian region to understand design characteristics of interior spaces.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.35-63
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• 2018

한국의 어린이도서는 세계 출판시장에서 문화상품으로서의 가치를 인정받고 있다. 국외에 소개되고 있는 한국 어린이도서의 출판 현황을 분석한 결과 중국에서는 어린이 학습용의 지식정보 그림책, 일본과 프랑스에서는 한국적 정서와 전통 문화를 다룬 전통문화 그림책이 중심을 이루고 있다. 특히 프랑스는 다양한 장르와 테마를 다룬 판타지 그림책과 어린이문학의 경계를 확장한 다양한 시도의 작품들을 소개하고 있다. 도서관계는 이러한 현상을 기반으로 어린이그림책의 독서콘텐츠로의 역할은 물론 우수한 문화콘텐츠로서의 역할과 확대 방안 등을 검토 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate the performance of domestic Saudi Arabian ETFs. ETFs are investment vehicles in vogue. These instruments were the first levers for investors allowing them to enter some markets that have been highly protected or out of reach. Saudi Arabia, which has been promoted as an emerging country by MSCI, seeks to attract more foreign investors. The first ETFs were launched in the years 2010-2011. Even though their number has not increased since then, there is a desire to attract a large number of investors. We use premiums/discounts analysis, standard risk-return models, and tracking errors measurements to assess how closely their replicate the underlying benchmark based on monthly data. The results indicate that out of the three funds investigated two are slightly traded at premium, while the latter exhibit a price discount. However, tracking errors are at minimum for all funds suggesting that they track well the benchmark index. Further, the Jensen's model shows that alphas are negative or null, and betas capture largely the systematic risk which is consistent with index investing strategies. Finally, traditional risk-adjusted measures of performance are used to compare ETFs, and results exhibit negative ratios showing that portfolios achieve lower return than the risk-free rate.