• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

This study concerns the Baekje Traditional Garden, one of the open spaces in the Lotte Resort in the Baekje Historical Reappearance Complex, which is part of the comprehensive plan for specific areas in the Baekje cultural area. The Baekje Traditional Garden has historic value, and its excellent garden style influenced the ancient Japanese gardens. This study dealt with three issues: (1) The context in which Lotte Buyeo Resort accepted the Baekje Traditional Garden, particularly the background and process of such; (2) The original form of the Baekje Traditional Garden; and (3) How the Baekje Traditional Garden should be represented in the open space of the resort. Representation is accomplished in two ways: using the structure of the original garden and in the borrowing of elements. For representation using the structure of the original garden, Imrugak was used as the main entrance space, and Wolsunjung was represented from the Ganbuklee remains. In the rear garden are wave watercourses and other garden facilities of the Wanggungri site in Iksan. Borrowing of elements, on the other hand, was accomplished in the plant plan and detailed development. In addition, mountaintops (three mountains and five mountain summits), a clean stream between mountains, and a pine forest are visualized in the garden. This is the representative landscape of the Taoist hermit world that appeared in the Baekje Gilt Bronze Incense Burner and Landscape pattern. The significance of this study is twofold. First, the Baekje Traditional Garden is a fresh trail because there has been no previous research concerning it. Second, while past research concerning traditional spaces focused on the results of representation, this study focused on the process of representation. This means that this research work tried to extend the study concerning the representation of traditional spaces from the conceptual to the practical approach. This study, however, also has its limitations. The authenticity of the representation suggested in this study may be questioned later because efforts have been made to preserve the original Baekje Traditional Garden. In addition, this study should seek a balance between authenticity on one hand and amusement and diversity of experience on the other, because the site is a resort.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.68-79
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• 2012

This study examines features in using Japanese apricots that assume a leading place with a special symbolism among various species of trees adopted to traditional gardens from a landscaping view. Specific aspects of how Japanese apricots were adopted to traditional gardens are as follows. First, while Japanese apricots are used in modern landscape space, there traditionally were six types in use of Japanese apricots as Tammae(探梅) Jungmae(庭梅) Bunmae(盆梅) Byoungmae(甁梅) Chomae(造梅) and Mukmae(墨梅). Second, Japanese apricots planted in gardens[庭梅] were placed mainly in a front yard of Sarang-Chae(the men's part of a traditional house) took a central area because symbolism and ornamental values of Japanese apricots suited what classical scholars sought. Preferred planting sites at that time include south of the building, the yard of Sarang-Chae, space in front of windows and next to fences and waterside. Third, Japanese apricots in traditional gardens were planted in five ways; Dansik(單植) Daesik(對植) Gunsik(群植) Yeolsik(列植) Honsik(混植). Dansik was the most common way in planting Japanese apricots and Daesik intended to enhance orderedness and symbolism of space. Japanese apricots for appreciating in an open field took the form of Gunsik in general but Honsik was also used with species of special symbolism. This study offers an opportunity to grasp traditional planting methods of Japanese apricots based on understanding of cultural aspects of Japanese apricots by focusing on Japanese apricots, the representative traditional species of trees. Results of the study would help to recognize the need to newly understand Japanese apricots and be useful information to plant and use Japanese apricots in a traditional way.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.120-130
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• 2009

This study focuses on the methodology of an ecological interpretation of Korean traditional landscapes through both life-oriented philosophy and traditional Korean philosophy which are similar to ecology. Also, useful tools for discovering an ecological technique of formation based on the ecological thoughts in ancestors' life are shown. Ecological key words as interpretative tools on the traditional landscape replaced ecological concepts in Korean culture and landscape. There are 'Bonsung(本性; the original nature)', 'Chungjeol(中絶; moderation)', 'Hyoyul(效率; efficiency)', 'Sangsaeng(相生; symbiosis)', 'Jasaeng(自生; self-generation)', 'Chunghwa(中和; neutralization)', 'Bangtong(旁通; communication)', and 'Byuntong(變通; variableness)'. For the case study, the concepts of 'spatial structure', 'constructive elements in the traditional gardens', and 'structural elements in the dwelling houses' were extracted from $\ulcorner$Imwonkyeongjeji$\lrcorner$ as an interpretative subject. As a result, Jeongon house, Jongtaek of Choi's family(the first incoming resident) showed us an ecological technique of formation by interpretation on the composing elements. Namely, they are natural dwelling houses in harmony with natural conditions and delicate relational styles. Five kinds of ecological characteristics were exposed. They are: 1. land use method following natural features('本性' '相生' '中和'), 2. physical and spatial elements in a body with nature('中絶' '相生' '中和'), 3. sustainable circulation system by recycling limited resources('效率' '自生' '旁通'), 4. use of natural materials based on the regional climate ('中絶' '效率' '自生') and 5. plane and structural decision by microclimate('效率' '自生' '變通'). Consequently, the dwelling houses and their traditional gardens aimed at the consuming space of the efficient resources by utilizing and circulating natural energy more than different types of the traditional spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

The aim of this study, a traditional residential area in the environmentally friendly design techniques to identify the techniques and principles that have been carried out to reestablish the principles. To do this, through literature review environmental performance is reflected in the traditional residential area side of resources conservation, locational aspects, spatial configuration, and how cases were selected looking for ways to apply modern. Are examples of upper class housing in the Chosen Dynasty Period period construction relatively well-preserved round and a good building with a clear housing Dokrakdang year were selected. Locational aspects of the terrain with minimal changes to the building and construction techniques were entirely in terms of environmental conservation and environmental temperature was adjusted to regulate the room temperature technique could be seen. In terms of cycling in natural materials were recycled. and water make used of positive through water cycling technique & water control. In addition, the importance of landscape views overlooking the landscape from inside to outside through the regulation of the various internal and external space technique was used to attract and expand. Traditionality in the pursuit of modern space, simply cut off because of tradition rather than to restore or recover the organizing principle inherent in the traditional space, and extraction of the contemporary social, cultural and environmental understanding of space is acceptable in basis. Environmentally-friendly design techniques in a traditional residential area for a long time to be developed by the experience of its application of modern environmental and energy problems and pleasant environment to the creation of human life and are subject to significant swings in that.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the design ＆ construction methods of the traditional landscape space of the past and the repair and maintenance of cultural heritages to maintain it today. To this end, the method of narrative description, process extraction and construction related to traditional landscaping were compared to each other based on the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages'. The results are as follows; First, to analyze at the description methods of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' and related processes in the field of traditional landscaping. 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 was an encyclopedia of the overall construction method of the living space, describing the location, effect, and advantages and disadvantages of each component and presenting quantitative figures to institutionalize the construction of traditional landscaping spaces. 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' presented the entire process of repairing cultural heritages, and it is becoming a kind of guide for reference at the site. Among them, foundation construction, roof construction, landscape construction, and fence construction were drawn as items that could be applied to traditional landscaping areas. Second, the traditional landscape space construction method was divided into the processes of foundation construction, roof construction, landscaping construction, and fence construction. Foundation construction is a way of repeating the process of land-tramping. During the construction of the roof, the tile-roofed building was built on top of the rafters and roofed with tiles. And thatched roof was made to a number of rice straws bundles to cover the roof one after the other. Instead of tiles, the stone roof was made of thin and wide stones, and the wooden boards were used for the single roof and the bark roof were constructed with many layers of dried corrugations. Landscape construction mainly consists of the Paving technique through tramping rubble and the construction of terraced flower by planting stone, plants, and shrubs on the top. According to the building materials, the wall construction was derived from the earth-stacked earthen wall, stone walls using stone and clay, marble walls made of tile patterns, and the construction of a board wall using a wood board as a wall. Third, comparing the construction methods of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages', 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 focuses on standardizing the construction methods to create a new traditional space. There is a difference in the setting of the scope of the 『Imwongyeongjeji』 「Seomyongji」 and the construction because 'Standard Specification for Repairing Cultural Heritages' provides the overall construction procedure considering the diversity of the cultural heritages. In addition, the traditional landscape space used to be a residential space in the past, but today, the maintenance process of the already established facilities as designated cultural heritages has been carried out, and construction methods have been added to create viewing conditions. In terms of the succession of traditional knowledge, some similar methods were found in the repair of cultural assets today, and some cases were also confirmed in the reconstruction of traditional technologies such as application of some materials or mix, separation of added facilities and introduction of efficient construction methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2014

"ImwonGyeongjeji" is recognized the value which is unparalleled encyclopedia in the world, but that is only evaluate about variously handled with subject area and massive content and also most scholarly research was focusing agriculture which is the domestic situation of published period and "ImwonGyeongjeji" judged as a simple agriculture book. Therefore, this research focus to theory and technique of traditional landscape architecture from science of landscape architecture perspective and it is from "ImwonGyeongjeji" which is known as encyclopedia written by Seo Yu-gu in 19th century Joseon period. For such a contents, "ImwonGyeongjeji" can find a importance that it have value and status for represent of Korea 'landscape architecture statement' which compared with other East Asia in those aspects; 'professional about landscape architecture', 'superiority of composition system', indigenousness suitable for Korea' and 'enhance to superiority value of environmental factor for writing'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.50-57
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• 2018

Based on research projects and maintenance plans that have been carried out to observe changes in the appearance of buildings in Yangdong Village, Gyeongju, this study analyzed the process of changes in roof materials since the 1970s and drew the following conclusions. First, as the proportion of houses used in the yanggi and yanggi in the 1970s appears similar to that of Wagawa, it is believed that the village landscape has changed due to the use of modern materials by modernization and urbanization. Second, the initial stage of readjustment was designated as a folk data protection zone in 1977 and important folk data designation in 1984. However, due to the lack of a budget for repair and indiscriminate repair, the effectiveness of the project did not seem to have been high. As a result, the trend of decreasing the initial price of the previous period and increasing the use of materials such as yanggi and slate were continuing. Third, in the 1990s, the Cultural Heritage Administration pushed for restoration to the traditional method through extensive renovation projects, making efforts to restore traditional materials, such as reduction of the yanggi and roof, removal of the Hamseok roof, and an increase in the price of grass. Fourth, in the 2000s and thereafter, various readjustment projects were completed in the previous period, with the ratio of Wagwa and Choga greatly increased and the number of houses on the roof of slate reduced by about half, and the level of maintenance of the village's retirement homes was readjusted after the World Heritage List in 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.186-198
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• 1997

Although Jaesil are historical products which is related to our traditional culture, they have not been studied extensively. This study deals with the location and the spacial compositional characteristics of Jaesil, a traditional building special functions in culture. The summarized results are as follows : 1) Jaesil wee constructed in 15c~20c. Jaesil in Kyungpook province were built by the intelligent classes in 17c~18c, while Jaesil in Kyungnam province were built by the rich farmer classes with economic power in 19c~20c. 2) The functions of Jaesil were the following : It was used for the purpose of worship, school, temple. The main function in Kyungpook province was worship, while the main functions in Kyungnam province were worship and school. 3) The relationship between Jaesil and villages were as follows : Jaesil in Kyungpook were located in the mountains apart from villages and their main elements of landscape were valleys or rivers . While Jaesil in Kyungnam was located in the residental spaces and their main elements of landscape were an artificial pond or no water landscape. 4) The plane form of Jaesil, Which was constructed specially 'The ㅁtype' of Jaesil were common in Kyungpook province and tis type expresses the enclosure and centrifugal force. While 'The 一type and 二type' were common in Kyungnam, and this types expresses the poenness and practicality.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Recently, growing emphasis has been placed on the installation of rain gardens. However, previous rain garden studies have mainly focused on physicochemical effects such as rainfall runoff management and water quality improvement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics among rain garden visitors. To achieve this goal, a survey of 100 rain garden visitors was conducted, gathering information about their general perceptions of rain gardens and landscape aesthetics at three pre-selected rain garden locations. Results showed that rain garden recognition was limited to 34% of the respondents, indicating that most people were not aware of rain gardens and were unable to notice differences between rain gardens and traditional gardens. However, stronger support for rain gardens was observed among those who were aware of the concept, those who recognized that rain garden planting types are differentiated from traditional gardens, and those who rated positively the landscape aesthetic value of rain gardens. The main findings are expected to encourage further studies of quantitative indicators by conducting a correlation analysis between aesthetics and functionality of rain gardens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.83-97
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• 2010

Seokgasan which is artificial rock mountain had been developed into one of the axes of traditional rock landscape of Goryo period and Joseon period as the central component of Korean traditional landscaping, but the legacy was cut off at the present. In the middle of the Goryo period, the Seokgasan made by piling rocks which were started from replicating miniature landscape has been developed into presenting the symbol and Seokgasan so it faced the new transition period of traditional rock garden culture. Seokgasan so it as small knoll, the Korean traditional Seokgasan was made differently the the surrounding landscape with big Seokgasan in China which overwhelms so it harmonize the surrounding landscape to build Korean style of the Seokgasan. This study is the objective investigation based on the old literature and the field remains, so it aims to so it comprehend the type of Seokgasan and developmental forms. At the result of investigation, 5 types of Seokgasan such as rocks piling on a pond, piling rocks, rocks in a pond, rocks on a ground, rock in a pot etc. has been developing in addition to the rocks which the oddly shaped rock is piled up as the basic framework. Among those, the piling rocks on a pond of Seokgasan which means water flows in Seokgasan is the representative Seokgasan which has been continued since the middle of the Goryo period until the end of the Joseon period. This study is expected to be the foundation which will succeed to legacy of Seokgasan tradition which was cut off and to develop by recovering historical landscaping value and identity of Seokgasan.