• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2009

Although mutation testing is potentially powerful, it is a computationally expensive testing method. To investigate how we can reduce the cost of object-oriented mutation testing, we have conducted empirical studies on class mutation operators. We applied class mutation operators to 866 classes contained in six open-source programs. An analysis of the number and the distribution of class mutants generated and preliminary data on the effectiveness of some operators are provided. Our study shows that the overall number of class mutants is smaller than for traditional mutants, which offers the possibility that class mutation can be made practically affordable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-98
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• 2007

Objectives : The study of Traditional Korean medical therapy has recently become a popular academic field as proven to be an great alternative to the limitation of Western medical treatment. However, there has been little study examining the Quality of life to investigate the Effectiveness of Recent Traditional Korean Medical Therapy on Treating Allergic Rhinitis. Thus, this study aims to reveal the characteristics of Allergic Rhinitis patients, their clinical symptoms, and other accompanying diseases. Moreover, it attempts to investigate the sense of improvement and satisfaction from the Allergic Rhinitis patients treated with Traditional Korean Medical therapy by examining Quality of Life Questionnaires. Subject and Method : A total of 380 subjects that consists of allergic rhinitis patients and non patients were participated in this study. 330 allergic rhinitis patients were divided into two groups; the experimental group (230 subjects) was treated with Traditional Korean Medical therapy, and the control group (100 subjects) was not treated with any other therapy. Also, the normal control group (50 subjects) who had no symptoms of the allergic rhinitis was participated in this study as well. All the subjects were asked to answer to the questionaries that consist of two parts such as recalling the symptoms that they had 3 month ago, and describing the current symptoms that they had the present. The experimental group also was asked to answer the quality of life questionnaire before and after the therapy. Results: The results of investigating recent Traditional Korean therapy are as follows: 1. The reservoir rate of other disease was 39.0% in the control group and 34.8% in the experimental group. These were higher than the rate of the normal control (10.0%), which reveals the clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis patients. 2. The symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis showed improvement after Traditional Korean medical therapy, which can be shown by its statistical significance. (p=.000<.001). 3. 97.0% of the Allergic Rhinitis patients treated with the Korean Therapy answered the improvement of symptom within 4 weeks, and 88.3% of the patients were satisfied with the Traditional Korean medical therapy. 4. The Nasal symptoms had prominently positive effect at the most as the symptoms significantly affect sleep disturbances, ocular symptoms, activity limitation, and emotional problems.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.399-409
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference of image for modern application of Korean traditional patterns. A survey was conducted using the random selection among female undergraduate students in Daegu city. The degree of interest and preference in Korean traditional style or something like that measured by 5 scale method. And then they were classified into two groups which were interest/non-interest group, and preference/non-preference group. The image of Korean traditional patterns consisted of semantic differential scales. Frequency, percentage and mean were analyzed, for difference of groups t-test was analyzed. The results were as fellows; 1. For the degree of interest for Korean traditional patterns, it was showed that 53.8% of total respondents took interest and about 40.4% of them had preference for traditional patterns. the correlation coefficient of the degree of interest and preference was 0.782(p<0.01) and showed that the positive correlation was high. 2. Among 20 kinds of Korean traditional patterns, the degree of preference for the patterns of plants and nature was quite high whereas that for the patterns of geometrical things was low relatively. 3. It was evaluated that pattern of nature was fresh, refined and womanly image generally. It was evaluated that pattern of plants was womanly, fresh, weak, light and soft image and that of animals was heavy, splendid, high-class, manly, strong and positive image. It was evaluated that pattern of geometrical things was the most refined image and high-class, rigid and strong. 4. The statistical significance of mean between interest/non-interest group was showed statistically in the patterns of clouds, mountains, lotus, apricot, orchid, dragon, phoenix and bogey. In case of pattern of orchids, the degree of preference was most different between interest/non-interest group. 5. The pattern of plants showed the most different evaluation for images between interest/non-interest group. For refined/old-fashioned polar adjective images, the interest group evaluated the pattern of plants more refined. 6. For pattern of orchids, the difference of degree of preference between preference/non-preference group was most remarkable in Korean traditional patterns. 7. The pattern of geometrical things showed the most different evaluation for images between preference/non-preference group. For warm/cool polar adjective images, the preference group evaluated the pattern of geometrical things cooler.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.168-177
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the activation plan with the traditional houses for the local tourism and culture welfare system. For the study, an investigation on the actual conditions of Youngwol-gun and a set of interviews were conducted from 13th June to 7thNovember in 2014. The analysis was conducted through the field observations and the interviews with building owners based on the criteria and SPSSWIN 18.0 program was used for statistical processes. The results of analysis are as follows. First, in order to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the local tourism and culture welfare system and to find its regional identity, the traditional houses need to be taken as a means of representing the local traditions and cultures. Second, a unique experiencecenter of traditional lifestyle and culture is necessary. Third, various local events on the tourism resources and traditional housings, development of various programs and promotion of local images are required for reinterpreting and reviewing the values of traditional houses. The implication of this study is that it provides the valuable information for enhancing the development and income of the local region and attracting tourists much more than now, since the succession and reinterpretation of the traditional housing cultures can harmonize the past, current and the future.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-45
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• 2007

Purpose : The simulation-based training in this research consists of theory and practice. Before the training, target students took a test on the competence of basic life support. Based on the result, they were separated as the subject group and comparison group. The simulation-based training was offered to the subject group and the traditional training was given to the comparison group. As soon as the training was completed, a follow-up study was conducted. Methods : This research aimed to figure out the effect of the simulation-based training on the competence of basic life support of the students Emergency Medical Technology. To this end, the nonequivalent pretest-posttest-quasi-experimental design using a comparison group was conducted. Results : The first hypothesis was that 'The group who took the simulation-based training would show higher points in the knowledge of basic life support than the group who took the traditional training.' Among those who took prior theory education, the subject group showed $69.38{\pm}20.43$ points while the comparison group showed $76.25{\pm}21.33$ points(t = -0.658, p = 0.531). Among those who took prior theory education and training, the subject group showed $82.86{\pm}10.86$ points while the comparison group showed $79.33{\pm}15.45$ points(t = 0.705, p = 0.487). Since there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups, the first hypothesis didn't hold. It showed few differences between the two training methods. The second hypothesis was that 'The group who took the simulation-based training would show higher points in the basic life support skills than the group who took the traditional training.' Among those who took prior theory education, the subject group showed $65.75{\pm}7.66$ points while the comparison group showed $46.88{\pm}13.48$ points(t = -3.442, p = 0.004). Among those who took prior theory education and training, the subject group showed $79.50{\pm}11.40$ points while the comparison group showed $62.13{\pm}11.44$ points(t = 4.091, p = 0.000). Since there were significant statistical differences between the two groups, the second hypothesis held. It showed substantial differences between the two training methods. Conclusion : The group who took the simulation-based training showed more positive effects on the competence of basic life support than those who took the traditional training. Therefore, it is confirmed that the simulation-based training is a useful method to improve clinical work performance of the students Emergency Medical Technology.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

1. Objectives : This study aimed to provide practical insights on the development of traditional Korean medical tourism and maximize the satisfaction of foreign patients. The main objectives of this study were also to evaluate Sasang Constitutional Medicine(S.C.M.) diagnosis cost from foreigners' perspectives. 2. Methods : For this study, the data were collected from tourists to Korea between January 3, 2010 to February 20, 2010. The sample used in this study was mainly composed of Japanese, Chines and US/Canada, because they are the major national visitor origin group to Korea. The primary data were collected by questionnaire survey using a standardized instrument with a convenience sampling procedure, and efforts of the interviews involved an on-site, self-administrated questionnaire to those sitting or visiting tourist attractions. The total size of the sample was 276 of which 275 showed no missing value against the factors needed for final analysis and were for analysis as an effective sample. SPSS 13.0 for window was used to analyze the collected data on which descriptive statistics and the Limited Dependent(LIMDEP) 8.0 program was used in estimating the willingness-to-pay(WTP) for traditional Korean medical tourism through the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM). A dichotomous choice question form of a CVM was applied to estimating the value. 3. Results and Conclusion: 1. There was significant statistical relationship between attributes when considering medical tourism destination and socio-demographic profiles such as age group, nationality, educational level and occupation. 2. In the level of recognition on Korean medicine, north Americans showed low level of recognition compared to other nationalities. In addition, in terms of age group, 20's and 30's showed low level of recognition on Korean medicine, 3. In relation to the level of interest on Korean medicine, Japanese respondents had higher interesting level on Korean medicine. Also singles had higher level of interest. 4. Regarding preferred Korean medical treatment program, there found significant statistical relationship between Korean medical treatment program and socio-demographic characteristics. 5. The estimating result of the logit model showed that the variables affecting the WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis were offered price and potential ability of medical tourism destination. 6. In relation to WTP for Sasang Constitutional medicine diagnosis, Japanese respondents showed a WTP of USD 62.69 and Chinese respondents showed USD 57.09. On the other hands, respondents from north America and other countries showed a WTP of USD 65.50. In conclusion, from this study, the results found that the opportunities in tradition Korean medical tourism are immense and the possible rewards are numerous. It is time to continue to promote 'Sasang Constitutional medicine' and make the Korean medical tourism programs considering on nationalities, age group, gender and WTP.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

This study presented the analysis results and implications by identifying the structural relationship between the image of food tourism products, the long-term orientation of attachment, and the behavioral intention. The convenience sampling method of the non-probability sampling method was used, and the survey was conducted non-face-to-face due to COVID-19. This study was conducted for customers who live in Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do and have experienced local traditional food. As for the survey method, the main researcher's acquaintances and related experts were consulted and utilized to select the survey subjects, and the survey was conducted by sending/returning them by mail or e-mail. Statistical processing was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0 statistical packages. As a result of the verification, the relationship between the image and attachment of food tourism, the relationship between the long-term orientation in the attachment of traditional food, and the behavioral intention in the attachment of traditional food are significant. A significant positive (+) relationship was formed in the relationship of hypothesis setting according to the research purpose of the relationship.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2016

Objective : Hongyi (Formica yessensis) is the dried insect of fomicidae. In previous studies, it appeared possibilities on anti-thrombosis, preventing atherosclerosis, treating rheumatoid disease, and inhibiting hela cell. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of Hongyi. Methods : Hongyi A was extracted by water and made dried powder. Hongyi B was extracted by ethanol and made dried powder. We measured Nitric Oxide (NO) production on the mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7), mouse vascular endothelial cell (MOVAS) and human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) for anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, we conducted reverse transcription reaction (RT-PCR) for investigating the mechanism. Results : In RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS, Hongyi A ($100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) decreased NO production compared with LPS $2{\mu}g/ml$ control group with statistical significance (p<0.05). Hongyi A (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) also decreased NO production compared with LPS $4{\mu}g/ml$ control group with statistical significance (p<0.01). Hongyi B (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) decreased NO production compared with LPS $2{\mu}g/ml$ control group with statistical significance (p<0.01). Hongyi B (10, 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) also decreased NO production compared with LPS $4{\mu}g/ml$ control group with statistical significance (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001). In the MOVAS, Hongyi A and B increased NO production compared with control group. In the HUVEC, Hongyi B increased NO production compared with control group. The expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ in 12-hours MOVAS culture was decreased by Hongyi A and B (10, $50{\mu}g/ml$) compared with control group, but expression of $I{\kappa}B$ was increased. In the 24-hours MOVAS culture, expression of $I{\kappa}B$ was significantly increased. The expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ in 12-hours HUVEC culture was decreased by Hongyi A and B compared with control group, but expression of $I{\kappa}B$ was increased. Hongyi B also increased eNOS mRNA gene expression. Conclusions : Hongyi A and B showed anti-inflammatory effect in mouse macrophages with the activation of vascular endothelial cell through NO production in MOVAS and HUVEC repectively. Honyi B showed superior effect than Hongyi A, but additonal mechanism study should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2567-2574
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean traditional dance on acculturative stress and life satisfaction in the married immigrant women. The subjects of this quasi-experimental study were two folds as one experimental group and one control group. The subjects of experimental group were randomly composed of Korean traditional Dance. Contrary to this, the subjects of control group included those who neither participated in Korean traditional dance. All statistical analyses and description methods were computed by SPSS window 14.0. The discriminant analysis was used to find changes of the acculturative stress and life satisfaction, ANCOVA. The results of this study were as followings: Frist, there was founded that Korean traditional dance program group significantly decreased their acculturative stress. Second, there was founded that Korean traditional dance program group significantly improved their life satisfaction. It is concluded that Korean traditional dance program is directly and strongly cause and effect relations with the acculturative stress and life satisfaction in the married immigrant women.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2014

Purpose - This study used empirical methods to investigate the consciousness structure of vendors in the S marketing area, which is a commercial revitalization district in the country, and examined its effect on their business activities. Based on the results derived through the performance of an actual proof analysis, this study aims to facilitate the promotion of changes in the consciousness structures of traditional market vendors, with a view to allowing them to adapt to the current economic realities in the country. Further, this study aims to provide suggestions that would improve the efficiency of the commercial revitalization program of the government. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined all the stores in the S marketing area using a questionnaire survey conducted over three weeks beginning on July 4, 2012, and involved the performance of a data analysis on 1,859 samples. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part addressed the market revitalization and the second part addressed the store management strategies. Questionnaire responses were calibrated based on a Likert scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using PASW version 18.0. Results - The results of the analysis of the consciousness structure of merchants in the S marketing area have led to the discovery that they have a medium level of satisfaction with market revitalization. There was a difference in the perceptions of the concept of store management between merchants and customers. Merchants have poor strategies for store management, which do not go much beyond an imitation of the practices of large domestic discount stores. Conclusions - The appearance of big discount stores and the accompanying changes in people's consumption patterns have led to a decline in local market areas. The government has sought new ways to secure autogenic power for local markets. To create regional economies, the government enacted a revised "Law for creating traditional markets and shopping streets" in 2010 and introduced a commercial district revitalization program. This program, which originally supported only the S marketing area, has subsequently expanded into neighboring shopping districts so that the whole of the regional market can be revitalized. However, since the revitalization of the traditional market and the government support required for it were mostly limited to facilities, the result has not proved to be effective. Although there are several reasons why the government investment was characterized by poor efficiency, traditional market vendors' consciousness structure, which did not adapt well to the vagaries of time and its consequent changes, was a major cause. Only when vendors have a true merchant spirit can they have a real service focus that will enable them to clearly understand the distribution organization. This will have the effect of bring about complete customer satisfaction and will ensure the survival and development of traditional markets.