• 무역학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.239-255
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• 2021

To review the theoretical background of regulatory approaches to cross-border transfer of personal data, this paper divides major digital trade participating countries into four types according to the OECD - non-regulatory, post-intervention, pre-supervision, and national control. It then analyzes the US, Japan, the EU, and China respectively that belong to each type. South Korea, which is currently about to pass the amendment by the National Assembly, has identified that it is in the middle of post-intervention and pre-supervision, and needs to evolve into pre-supervision norms like the EU while it has to participate more actively in the process of establishing international digital trade rules. Korea first needs to sign digital trade agreements and promote mutual certification projects more actively from the standpoint of a medium-sized open country with growing digital companies and digitally-open consumers. Second, the government should fully consider the interests of not only companies but also various trade stakeholders including domestic consumers, when drafting and implementing trade policies. To this end, 'a single window approach' is needed not only at the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, but also at the level of the entire government which require an integrated form of digital trade policy governance.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution state of road shops around the 9 main fashion trade areas in Seoul, and to analyze whether there were any differences in them based on clothing, store types and regions. Furthermore, by investigating the distribution state of road shops in the 9 main fashion trade areas per year, this study provides basic information that can be helpful in opening and securing road shops in major trade areas. The method of investigation was to analyze clothing types and store types with 72 maps of commercial areas. Samsungdesignnet investigated these areas for 8 years around the 9 main fashion trade areas (Garosugil, Gangnam nonhyun, Gangnam Station, Myungdong, Moonjung, Apgujung, Yeonsinne, Edae, and Chungdam). As a result, the distribution state of the fashion road shops based on clothing types revealed that road shops for ladies' wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion were strong, and the distribution state of non brand were strong. When it came to year-to-year trends, road shops for women's wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion showed a steady increasing tendency of being on-trend, but casuals and underwear showed a falling tendency of being on-trend. In terms of store type distribution, non-brand shops showed the most remarkable growth, followed by multi-shop while total fashion store showed a steady growth. Also, when it came to regional distribution, the dominant trade areas were different based on clothing type. Garosugil showed the widest variation in its yearly trend investigation, and Gangnam station also showed a substantial amount of growth. In other areas, there was no considerable change in the total number of shops, but increasing and decreasing markets had a complexity that depended on clothing types.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.176-191
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• 2023

Purpose - When recovered through arbitration a contractual penalty that is disproportionately high can become grounds for challenging an arbitral award or an obstacle to its enforcement within Russian jurisdiction. This article investigates how violation of the principle of proportionality can affect the enforcement and challenging of arbitral awards in Russia. Based on the examination of the current legislation, along with the analysis of recent court cases on the subject, the ultimate object of this article is to discern practical recommendations for Korean practitioners who are looking to challenge and/or enforce arbitral awards in Russian courts. Design/methodology - The research process included the reviewing of current Russian legislation conducted in concurrence with academic literature review, searching and analyzing recent court cases where the relevant legal provisions and concepts were applied, and formulating practical implications of the research at its final stage. Findings - Through its relation to the principle of fairness/justice the authors establish the connection between the principle of proportionality and the public policy of Russia. Analysis of recent court cases showed two conflicting trends of whether a disproportionate penalty can be considered a public policy violation. The authors offer practical recommendations on how to substantiate a relevant claim regarding contractual penalty reduction by the court, depending on the desired outcome. Originality/value - The article contains an up-to-date summary of the legal provisions on the principle of proportionality of civil liability in Russia and identifies the most recent trends in court practice on the issue that is not covered by existing studies.

• 정보학연구
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2000

인터넷 무역은 새로운 형태의 거래로서, 인터넷을 이용하여 제품과 서비스의 판매와 광고가 이루어지며 급속하게 확장되어 가고 있다. 이러한 상황속에서 우리나라는 세계무역시장의 중심적인 역할과 위치로 자리잡아야 할 것이며, 새로운 무역환경 변화에 우리는 직면하고 있는 것이다. 그래서, 첫째로 제도와 법률적인 면, 둘째, 인터넷 무역의 대금결제 부분, 셋째 인터넷 무역의 활성화에 대한 물리적인 부분인 소위 인프라 구축에 관해서 정부의 초고속 정보통신 네트워크 수립계획이 분명하게 있어야 할 것 이다. 끝으로 정부와 산업체간의 공동 협력과 참가는 급속하게 변화하는 새로운 무역 경항속에서 인터넷 무역은 세계무역시장에서 우리의 지위를 상당히 높힐 것으로 기대되어 진다.

• 한국정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.419-434
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• 2005

E-Trade is expected to dominate the global commerce in the 21th century and thus is being introduced as a major policy assignment for every development country. E-Trade has the potential to accelerate existing trends and introduce new ways of conducting traditional trade. Most of companies and countries recognize it as inevitable changes for the increase of their own competitive, and are willing to adopt the e-Trade systems. In this study, it was focused to analyze the factors affecting the adoption of e-Trade in small and medium enterprises using Technology Acceptance Model(TAM).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권2호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

이 연구는 한국과 베트남의 임산물 교역동향 및 교역의 특징을 살펴보고 주요품목의 경쟁력을 분석하여 한-베트남 FTA 임산물협상에 있어 한국이 취할 수 있는 방향을 제시하였다. 한-베트남 임산물 교역규모는 2011년 2억726만 달러에 달한다. 한국은 주로 베트남에 단기소득 임산물을 수출하고 있는 반면, 목재류를 수입하고 있다. 특히 최근 5년 평균 목재류 수입액은 한국의 대베트남 수입액 중 88%에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. 한-베트남 교역에 있어 수출 품목은 다양하지 않고 수출액은 적은 반면, 수입은 저부가가치 목제품을 위주로 대량 수입되고 있다. 한-베트남 임산물의 경쟁력 분석결과 한국의 임산물 중 경쟁력이 있는 품목은 3개 품목이나, 베트남은 11개 품목으로 나타났다. 교역구조 및 경쟁력 분석결과와 현행 관세율을 고려할 때 제재목, 합판 등을 민감품목으로 지정하여 관세인하를 최소화하고 관세인하 기간을 장기로 설정할 수 있는 방향으로 협상하도록 하여야할 것이다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

Purpose - This dissertation is based on previous research, and analyzes processing trade, which constitutes a major section of foreign trade in Shandong Province. Research design, data, and methodology - The study uses the survey data on polarization, which is a vital index reflecting the unbalanced growth of regional economic development. The article introduces the processing trade polarization index, and the processing trade polarization fluctuation rate, to predict the geographical polarization posture and development trends in Shandong Province. Results -The development of processing trade in Shandong Province shows the level of gradient from east to west. The first-line growth pole has been formed and developed, and the initial formation of the diffusion mechanism has taken place. However, coordination problems in accompanying regional development have become increasingly prominent. Conclusions - This study focuses on the development of processing trade strategy and suggests overall coordination of development objectives, using non-balanced development goals. According to regional characteristics and development objectives of the processing trade in Shandong Province, the region around the city is divided into innovation diffusion region, enhanced growth areas, areas expected to undertake development, and areas to upgrade in four levels, given the different policy proposals.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.287-305
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• 2019

The export of agricultural, fisheries, and food products acts as an engine of growth for developing countries in particular. However, exporting these items is easier said than done since issues of certification and inspection, so-called technical barriers to trade (TBT) and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS), in developed markets have worked as major obstacles for exports. This paper examines the institutional aspects and recent trends of South Korea's TBT/SPS-related cases against exporting firms of the developing countries. We suggest a win-win partnership model that can promote cooperative synergies between Korea and developing employing trade-related technical cooperation or ODA (Official Development Aid). Technical cooperation such as the provision of on-spot field consulting services on TBT/SPS-related issues for exporting firms and Korean OEM firms of developing countries can lead to mutual gains. This cooperative partnership can create gains from "the trade-development nexus" for both sides while promoting sustainable trade and investment relationships between Korea and developing countries.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.183-185
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• 2011

Mongolia is aiming at connect and expand global trade to third countries using Russia, China and East Asian ports. Also, trying to evolve infrastructure and super-frastructure in international maritime transportation. This paper presents maritime development trends in Mongolia and focuses on discussing the current situation of international maritime plan and points out some issues currently facing by the policy to develop promoting the country's maritime businesses. Finally, this paper presents some future directions for developing the maritime transportation in Mongolia.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

Within the United Nations framework of the Economic and Social Council, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) serves as the focal point for trade facilitation recommendations and electronic business standards, covering both commercial and government business processes that can foster growth in international trade and related services. Accordingly United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) was established, as a subsidiary, intergovernmental body of the UNECE Committee on Trade, mandated to develop a program of work of global relevance to achieve improved worldwide coordination and cooperation in these areas. Domestic development and distribution of electronic documents to be conformed to international standards, it is enough to have the role of international activities continue to supply part of the domestic industry and the trends in participation and international standard.