• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1970

This investigation was one of the series of ecological studies on the plant communities of Quelpart Island which was held in 1969. It was aimed at studying the ground vegetation of Torreya nucifera and the soil properties of the ground in which it grows. Observaton of the flora in a place where wild growth of Crinum maritimum, soil properties and distribution of micro-organisms in a place where wild growth occurs, were also made. 1) A few kinds which have important values among the ground vegetation fo Torreya nucifera forest are Liniope graminifolia, Convallaria keiskei, Sasaquelpaertensis, Carex kingiana, Pteridium aquilinum, Pyrola japonica, Hedera tobleri, etc. 2) While the studies of 25 Quadrats were being held, 29 species in A plot, 30 species in B plot, and 26 species in C plot have been found. 3) The kind which has the highest important value among the species located in naked plot(outside of Torreya nucifera forest) is Zoysia japonica and 18 other kinds were found. 4) The soil fertility through all depths are found higher in the forest soil than in that of open places. 5) P2O5, K, and total exchangeable bases etc. have shown the difference of contents according to the depth and generally had lower value as much as it goes down. 6) The content of N was a lot higher than any other forest soil and P2O5, K and total exchangeable bases seemed to be a little lower. 7) The overall flora of Todo consists of 71 species (9 species of wood plant and 62 species of herbs) added 28 kinds of non-reported species. 8) Themineral contents are the highest at a place of wind growth of Crinum maritimum which has much organic matter. The subsoil of this place is more fertile than surface soil. 9) The soil of Todo which is sandy soil, consists of shellfish shell and quartz, and has low fertility and alkali. 10) In the total occurrences of micro-organisms, bacteria was the greatest in number followed by actinomycete and fungi, in that order. 11) A survey of the soil depth and the ecological distributional pattern of micro-organismsm revealed that the number of micro-organisms is the greatest on the surface, gradually decreasing in proportion to the depth. 12) It was found that a comparatively greater number of micro-organisms occurred when the soil showed an adequate increase in water content.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.683-690
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• 2006

본 연구는 당밀의 첨가수준이 한약제박 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 두 가지 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 Ⅰ에서는 당밀의 첨가수준이 대시호탕박 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 0, 0.5 및 1.0%의 당밀 첨가수준에 3반복의 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 Ⅱ에서는 우리나라 재래산양의 대시호탕박 사일리지의 기호성을 측정하였다.본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 실험 Ⅰ에서, 당밀 1% 첨가구가 0.5% 첨가구 및 대조구보다 조단백질 및 유산의 함량이 유의하게(P<0.05) 높았고, pH와 낙산함량은 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 사일리지의 총균수(total microbial cell)는 당밀 첨가구가 유산균 배지인 MRS에서는 많게 나타났고, 곰팡이 배지인 PDA에서는 적은 결과를 나타내었다. 그리고 in vitro 소실율에 있어서도 당밀 첨가수준이 증가할수록 소실율이 증가하는 경향이었다.실험 Ⅱ에서는 모든 처리구에서 30분 및 6시간 동안의 섭취량은 유의한 성적은 아니지만 당밀 첨가수준이 증가할수록 많아지는 경향을 나타내었다.이상의 결과를 종합하면 대시호탕박은 열탕처리를 거침으로 인하여 수용성 탄수화물이 부족할 것으로 사료되는 바, 이에 대하여 수용성탄수화물을 보충하는 방법으로 당밀을 첨가하여 사일리지를 제조하는 것은 매우 유용한 수단이라고 생각되며, 이로 인하여 한약제박 사일리지의 보존성도 향상된다고 하겠다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

미생물제 비료시용이 배추의 생육과 토양의 화학성 변화 및 미생물상에 미치는 영향을 포장시험으로 실시하였다. 대조구에 비하여 TLB미생물제 비료를 시용함으로써 배추의 생육은 양호하였으며, 배추수량에 있어서도 유의성 있는 증수 효과를 보였다. 그러나 TLB미생물제 비료를 시용하더라도 배추생육시 요소비료의 추비량 및 퇴비 시용량을 줄일 경우에는 대조구에 비하여 수량이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 토양의 화학적 성질에 미치는 TLB 미생물제 비료 시용의 효과는 대조구에 비하여 수확기의 토양유기물 함량의 감소가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 토양중 전질소 함량은 0.76~1.44% 범위로 대조구보다 오히려 미생물제 비료 시용구가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 토양중 유효인산 함량은 시험전 토양의 559ppm에 비하여 배추의 수확기에 대조구 755ppm 그리고 미생물제 시용구 653ppm으로 대조구와 비교하여 미생물제 시용으로 인하여 다소 낮은 편이었다. 한편 배추 수확 후 배추의 화학적 성분은 전 질소 2.62~2.94%, 인산 1.48~1.55%, 칼리 3.60~4.38%범위이었으며, 각 처리간에 함량의 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 토양 미생물상중 전세균수는 대조구보다 미생물제 시용으로 다소 감소하였으나, 배추수확기 토양에서 Pseudomonas속이 3배 이상 높은 군락을 보였다. 그러나 방선균은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 사상균수는 수확기 토양에서 미생물제 비료 시용으로 현저히 높은 군락을 형성하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.808-814
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oil mixture (EOM) supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial changes in an in vitro. Methods: Three experimental treatments were used: control (CON, no additive), EOM 0.1 (supplementation of 1 g EOM/kg of substrate), and EOM 0.2 (supplementation of 2 g EOM/kg of substrate). An in vitro fermentation experiment was carried out using strained rumen fluid for 12 and 24 h incubation periods. At each time point, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), pH, ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and relative microbial diversity were estimated. Results: After 24 h incubation, treatments involving EOM supplementation led to significantly higher IVDMD (treatments and quadratic effect; p = 0.019 and 0.008) and IVNDFD (linear effect; p = 0.068) than did the CON treatment. The EOM 0.2 supplementation group had the highest $NH_3-N$ concentration (treatments; p = 0.032). Both EOM supplementations did not affect total VFA concentration and the proportion of individual VFAs; however, total VFA tended to increase in EOM supplementation groups, after 12 h incubation (linear; p = 0.071). Relative protozoa abundance significantly increased following EOM supplementation (treatments, p<0.001). Selenomonas ruminantium and Ruminococcus albus (treatments; p<0.001 and p = 0.005), abundance was higher in the EOM 0.1 treatment group than in CON. The abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, fungi and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (treatments; p<0.001, p<0.001, and p = 0.005) was higher following EOM 0.2 treatment. Conclusion: The addition of newly developed EOM increased IVDMD, IVNDFD, and tended to increase total VFA indicating that it may be used as a feed additive to improve rumen fermentation by modulating rumen microbial communities. Further studies would be required to investigate the detailed metabolic mechanism underlying the effects of EOM supplementation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2007

Endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of coastal sand dune plants were isolated, taxonomically characterized, and tested for their plant growth-promoting activities. Ninety-one endophytic bacterial isolates were collected and assigned to 17 different genera of 6 major bacterial phyla based on partial 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Gammaproteobacteria represented the majority of the isolates (65.9%), and members of Pseudomonas constituted 49.5% of the total isolates. When testing for antagonism towards plant pathogenic fungi, 25 strains were antagonistic towards Rhizoctonia solani, 57 strains were antagonistic towards Pythium ultimum, 53 strains were antagonistic towards Fusarium oxysporum, and 41 strains were antagonistic towards Botrytis cinerea. Seven strains were shown to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), 33 to produce siderophores, 23 to produce protease, 37 to produce pectinase, and 38 to produce chitinase. The broadest spectra of activities were observed among the Pseudomonas strains, indicating outstanding plant growth-promoting potential. The isolates from C. kobomugi and M. sibirica also exhibited good plant growth-promoting potential. The correlations among individual plant growth-promoting activities were examined using phi coefficients, and the resulting data indicated that the production of protease, pectinase, chitinase, and siderophores was highly related.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.672-676
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities of various concentrations of partially purified substance(s) from green tea seed (Camellia sinensis L.). The total polyphenol contents of each fraction (non-adsorption fraction: F-1, fraction eluted with 40% methanol: F-2, and fraction eluted with 100% methanol: F-3) purified by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography were, in the increasing order: F-1 (3.7 mg tannic acid equivalents, TAB/g) < F-3 (23.2 mg TAB/g) < seed extracts (26.2 mg TAB/g) < F-2 (42.7 mg TAB/g). The scavenging activities toward the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical were, in decreasing order: F-2 (93.3%) > butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; 89.8%) > ascorbic acid (89.3%) > leaf extracts (70.3%) > F-3 (15.9%) > seed extracts (15.8%) > F-1 (14.8%) at a 0.1% concentration. In studies on antimicrobial activities, the results indicate that the growth of yeast (Candida albicans KCCM 11282 and Cryptococcus neoformans KCCM 50544) was inhibited more so than that of other fungi (Alternaria alternate KCTC 6005 and Rhizoctonia solani). In addition, it appears that the antitumor activities of the F-1, F-2, and F-3 fractions at a concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ showed 6, 7, and 23% growth inhibition of the HEC-1B cell line, 14, 11, 82% inhibition of the HEP-2 cell line, and 8, 16, and 81% inhibition of the SK-OV-3 cell line, respectively. Overall these results indicate that the antioxidant activity is greatest in the F-2 fraction, and the antimicrobial and antitumor activities are greatest in the F-3 fraction.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.506-518
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• 2020

Background: Red-skin root of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) significantly reduces the quality and limits the production of ginseng in China. The disease has long been thought to be a noninfectious physiological disease, except one report that proved it was an infectious disease. However, the causal agents have not been successfully determined. In the present study, we were to reveal the pathogens that cause red-skin disease. Methods: Ginseng roots with red-skin root symptoms were collected from commercial fields in Northeast China. Fungi were isolated from the lesion and identified based on morphological characters along with multilocus sequence analyses on internal transcription spacer, β-tubulin (tub2), histone H3 (his3), and translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α). Pathogens were confirmed by inoculating the isolates in ginseng roots. Results: A total of 230 isolates were obtained from 209 disease samples. These isolates were classified into 12 species, including Dactylonectria sp., D. hordeicola, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. torulosum, Ilyonectria mors-panacis, I. robusta, Rhexocercosporidium panacis, and three novel species I. changbaiensis, I. communis, and I. qitaiheensis. Among them, I. communis, I. robusta, and F. solani had the highest isolation frequencies, being 36.1%, 20.9%, and 23.9%, respectively. All these species isolated were pathogenic to ginseng roots and caused red-skin root disease under appropriate condition. Conclusion: Fungal complex is the causal agent of red-skin root in P. ginseng.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.104.1-104
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• 2003

To screen for potential biocontrol agents against postharvest disease of garlics caused by Penicillium hirsutum, a total of 933 isolates (432 fungi and 501 bacteria) were isolated from the rhizoshere or rhizoplane of garlics. Among them, Pantoea agglomerans isolate 59-4 (Pa 59-4) was selected for a potential biocontrol agent by in vivo wounded garlic bulb assay, When the spore suspension (10$\^$5/ spores/$m\ell$) of Penicillium hirsutum was co-inoculated with spore or cell suspension of each fungal or bacterial isolate on wounded garlics, the isolate highly suppressed disease development. Soaking garlic bulbs in the suspension of Pa 59-4 significantly reduced garlic decay from p. hirsutum. However, Pa 59-4 did not inhibit the mycelial growth of P. hirsutum in dual-culture with P. hirsutum on Tryptic soy agar. In order to elucidate mode of action of Pa 59-4 nutrient competition between Pa 59-4 and P. hirsutum was investigated using tissue culture plates with cylinder inserts containing defusing membrane reported by Janisiewicz et al. The results showed that Pa 59-4 effectively suppressed spore germination and mycelial growth of blue mold in the low concentration (0.5％) of garlic juice, but did not suppress those of blue mold in the higher concentration (5％) of garlic juice. This result suggests that the mechanism in biocontrol of garlic blue mold by Pa 59-4 may involve in nutrient competition with P. hirsutum on garlic bulbs.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

경제적으로 에리스리톨을 대량 생산하기 위해 Moniliella suaveolens var. nigra의 wild type을 mutation시켜 변이주를 선별하였다. 선별된 변이주는 400 g/L 포도당배지 플라스크 배양에서 에리스리톨 172 g/L, 글리세롤 20 g/L를 생산하였는데 wild-type의 배양결과와 비교하면 에리스리롤의 생산성은 비슷하고 부산물인 글리세롤의 생성은 50% 적다. 변이주는 wild type 배양시 발생하는 다량의 foam을 적게 발생시킴이 관찰되었다. 배양기 5 L 배양에서 변이주는 에리스리톨의 생산과 부산물 글리세롤의 생성이 wild-type의 것들과 비슷하였다. 이의 원인은 아직 규명되지 않았으나 배양 중 부적절한 산소전달이나 배양 중 발생하는 거품에 세포가 응집하였기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 균주의 대사를 조사한 결과, 글리세롤은 에리스리톨로 변환되나 에리스리톨은 글리세롤로 변환되지 않음이 관찰되었다. 새로운 고생산성 Moniliella 변이주는 분리.정제 비용이 절감된 순도 놀은 에리스리톨 생성을 가능 하게 할 것이다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2018

주왕산국립공원 내 자생버섯 자원의 서식지별 관리방안을 수립하고 생물다양성, 생태계다양성을 유지하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해서 2017년 4월부터 10월까지 7개월 동안 버섯조사를 실시하였다. 총 조사된 버섯은 2문, 8강, 21목, 85과 225속, 503분류군이 조사되었다. 분류군별로 보면 주름버섯목이 247분류군으로 48.8%의 분포를 보였으며, 구멍장이버섯목과 무당버섯목이 뒤를 이어 다수 발생하는 종으로 확인되었다. 8월에 가장 많은 종이 출현하였고 해발고도 300-400m 사이에서 가장 많은 분포를 보였는데 이 중 상의지구, 대전사 인근지역과, 거대리 샘골 지역에서 가장 많은 버섯 종류가 조사되었다. 기후변화지표종 중 큰갓버섯과 노루털버섯(능이)이 출현하였다.