• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.355-374
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• 2024

This study was conducted under the necessity and importance of having to looking into how teachers understood and carried out the analytic scoring method on the essay type item. Namely, this study explored there would be difference in the analytic scoring method consequent on the nature of the essay type item between the preliminary mathematics teachers in the secondary school. For this purpose, in this study, pre-test was conducted for the subject on the 2nd 15 undergraduate students. The pre-test was conducted without (before) lecture on the analytic scoring method on the essay type item, and the post-test was conducted after lecture on the analytic scoring method on the essay type item and practice on the scoring the item with the analytic method. Then this study used a problem on the mathematical assessment(the analytic scoring method) which was one of the items in 2016 secondary school teacher selection exam. After the experiment, the subjects were enhanced not only to understand the importance of the scoring methods but to narrow the difference the results of score on the items between the subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to create a scoring system that provides comprehensive assessment of patients with oromaxillofacial cancer or odontogenic infection, and to statistically reevaluate the results in order to provide specific criteria for elective tracheostomy. Materials and Methods: All patients that had oral cancer surgery (group A) or odontogenic infection surgery (group B) during a period of 10 years (2003 to 2013) were subgrouped according to whether or not the patient received a tracheostomy. After a random sampling (group A: total of 56, group B: total of 60), evaulation procedures were observed based on the group classifications. For group A, four factors were evaluated: TNM stage, reconstruction methods, presence of pathologic findings on chest posterior-anterior (PA), and the number of systemic diseases. Scores were given to each item based on the scoring system suggested in this research and the scores were added together. Similarly, the sum score of group B was counted using 5 categories, including infection site, C-reactive protein level on first visit, age, presence of pathologic findings on chest PA, and number of systemic diseases. Results: The scoring system rendered from this research shows that there is a high correlation between the scores and TNM stage in oral cancer patients, or infection sites in odontogenic infection patients. However, no correlation between pathologic findings on chest PA could be found in either group. The results also indicated that for both groups, the hospital day increased with the tracheostomy score. The tracheostomy score cutoff value was 5 in oral cancer patients and 6 in odontogenic infection patients which was used for elective tracheostomy indication. Conclusion: The elective tracheostomy score system suggested by this research is a method that considers both the surgical and general conditions of the patient, and can be very useful for managing patients with severe oral disease.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.436-443
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• 2007

Purpose: An exploratory study was done to examine the validity of the new Ballard scale with extended scoring system(eNBS) in estimating gestational age(AG) in full-term newborns. Method: The eNBS scoring system was extended to include all numbers of total score of NBS and GA to allow a 3-days variation in GA estimatio compared to the original scale which has a 2-week variation due to the application of a 5-score interval for the total NBS score and only even numbers for GA. GA by eNBS(GA-eNBS) was compared with GA by LMP(GA-LMP) and GA by standard NBS(GA-sNBS) in 133 full-term newborns. Difference between GA-LMP and GA-eNBS was analyzed for each GA. Results: Positive correlations were observed in GA-sNBS and GA-eNBS with GA-LMP. There was no difference between GA-LMP and GA-eNBS at 39GA and 40GA. At 37GA and 38GA, GA-eNBS overestimated GA-LMP up to 1 week, while underestimating up to 1 week at 41GA. Conclusions: The accuracy of eNBS was validated within 3 days of variation in GA estimation at 39-40GA. Overestimation by eNBS suggests the possible acceleration of fetal maturity in premature newborns, while underestimation, of the deceleration of fetal maturity in postterm newborns.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2016

이 연구는 기계 번역을 활용하여 영어기반서술형 평가의 자동채점모델을 한국어 응답에 적용하는 방법의 효용감을 조사하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 이 연구를 위하여 예비생물교사 128명이 4문항으로 구성된 자연선택개념평가도구에 응답한 512개의 서술형응답을 활용하였다. 서술형응답은 한글맞춤법을 교정한 것과 교정하지 않은 학생들이 작성한 그대로의 응답 두 가지를 구글번역으로 번역하였다. 8가지 과학적 개념과 비과학적 개념을 채점하는 자동채점모델을 통해 생성한 4096개의 예측자료의 정확도를 독립적으로 수행한 전문가 채점자료와 비교하는 방법으로 확인하였다. 그 결과 컴퓨터로 채점한 점수와 전문가 채점점수의 평균값의 문항별 분포는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 평균값을 활용하여 생성한 통계치들은 전문가 채점자료를 통하여 생성한 자료들과 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 학생별 점수의 Pearson 상관관계 계수를 확인한 결과 과학적 개념 점수는 0.848, 비과학적 개념 점수는 0.776이었다. 언어적으로 단순한 개념의 경우 채점자간 일치도 (kappa)가 0.8이상이었다. 이 결과는 기계 번역과 영어기반 서술형 평가의 자동채점모델이 우리나라 학생들의 자연선택개념문항을 채점하는데 유용한 방법이 될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

The Coronary Artery Calcium Data and Reporting System (CAC-DRS) is a standardized reporting method for calcium scoring on computed tomography. CAC-DRS is applied on a per-patient basis and represents the total calcium score with the number of vessels involved. There are 4 risk categories ranging from CAC-DRS 0 to CAC-DRS 3. CAC-DRS also provides risk prediction and treatment recommendations for each category. The main strengths of CAC-DRS include a detailed and meaningful representation of CAC, improved communication between physicians, risk stratification, appropriate treatment recommendations, and uniform data collection, which provides a framework for education and research. The major limitations of CAC-DRS include a few missing components, an overly simple visual approach without any standard reference, and treatment recommendations lacking a basis in clinical trials. This consistent yet straightforward method has the potential to systemize CAC scoring in both gated and non-gated scans.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1481-1489
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• 2021

Objective: To construct a CT-based Fagotti scoring system by analyzing the correlations between laparoscopic findings and CT features in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with stage III/IV ovarian cancer who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and debulking surgery between January 2010 and June 2018. Two radiologists independently reviewed preoperative CT scans and assessed ten CT features known as predictors of suboptimal cytoreduction. Correlation analysis between ten CT features and seven laparoscopic parameters based on the Fagotti scoring system was performed using Spearman's correlation. Variable selection and model construction were performed by logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method using a predictive index value (PIV) ≥ 8 as an indicator of suboptimal cytoreduction. The final CT-based scoring system was internally validated using 5-fold cross-validation. Results: A total of 157 patients (median age, 56 years; range, 27-79 years) were evaluated. Among 120 (76.4%) patients with a PIV ≥ 8, 105 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery, and the optimal cytoreduction rate was 90.5% (95 of 105). Among 37 (23.6%) patients with PIV < 8, 29 patients underwent primary debulking surgery, and the optimal cytoreduction rate was 93.1% (27 of 29). CT features showing significant correlations with PIV ≥ 8 were mesenteric involvement, gastro-transverse mesocolon-splenic space involvement, diaphragmatic involvement, and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. The area under the receiver operating curve of the final model for prediction of PIV ≥ 8 was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.82). Conclusion: Central tumor burden and upper abdominal spread features on preoperative CT were identified as distinct predictive factors for high PIV on diagnostic laparoscopy. The CT-based PIV prediction model might be useful for patient stratification before cytoreduction surgery for advanced ovarian cancer.

• 물과 미래
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1981

The theory and practice of water quality scoring and indexing are introduced. The monthly water analysis data are available for six stations long the down-stream Han River whthin the areal boundary of the Special City of Seoul. The data cover the period between 1975 and 1979 inclusive and contain the analytical findings on 37 water constituents including DO, BOD, temperature, total solids and etc. Sic parameters are selected form the 37 items, that, to the judgement of the writer, best reflect the water quality of the Han River. They are; dissolved oxggen saturation, pH, fecal coliform, total solids, BOD and nitrate+ammonia. For each of the six parameters, a subscore function is developed and graphically presented to facilitate the transform of a measurment of the arameter to a subscore on a common score(e.G. 0-100) The score of a sample is calculated as a fuction of the six subscores, using four different approaches; (1) the unweighted arithmetic water quality score, (2) the weighted arithmetic water quality score, (3)the unweighted multiplicative score and (4) the reduced (total) score. Independent of these calculated scores, the experts' score which is calculated by averaging the ratings of water quality experts is obtained and compared with each of the four calculated scores by means of the least square method. The experts' score compares most favorably with the "reduced" score with the correlation coefficient of 0.956 : therefore this method of water quality scoring is adopted to calculate the Han River water quality scores and indices. Water quality index data for Guiri, ukdo, Pokwangdong, Noryangjin, Yongdungpo and Kayang Stations, 1975-1979 are as follow: The overall water quality index data of the Han River between Guiri and Kayang Stations are found; 47.3 in 1976, 48.0 in 1977, 48.5 in 1978 and 54.7 in 1979, indicating the general trend towards water quality improvent in this part of the river, in terms of the increased water quality index by average 1.85 points per year during this period. Finally the optimum sampling frequencies distributed among the six stations, using an equation which takes into account the coefficients of variation of the water quality scores and indices arec calculated.alculated.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study were to identify the relationship of depression and pain in patients with breast cancer. Method : The data was collected from 117 breast cancer patients who were admitted at K University hospital in Busan, from January 4, to January 31, 2003 using questionnaire method. Their depression was measured using depression scale developed by Zung(1965) and translated by Song(1977) and pain was measured using the Revised Melzack Pain Scale developed by Melzack(1975). The data were analysed by the SPSS WIN 11.0 PC program using frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Result : The results of this study were as follows: The mean and standard deviation of the total depression score were 48±7.89 in 20(lowest)-to-80(highest) scoring system. The analysis of the depression according to general characteristics of the breast cancer patients showed correlation at Age(F=5.81, p=.000), Education level (F=7.48, p=.000), Insurance for cancer(t=6.94, p=.010), Period after Dx(F=6.85, p=.001), Duration of pain experience(F=9.74, p=.000), Surgical method(F=3.87, p=.005), Stage(F=10.31, p=.000), and Lesion site(F=20.63, p=.000). The mean and standard deviation of the total pain score were .48± .40 in 0(lowest)-to-4(highest) scoring system. The analysis of the pain according to general characteristics of the breast cancer patients showed differentiation at Education level(F=3.75, p=.007), Income per mouth(F=3.77, p=.010), Period after Dx(F=3.77, p=.002), Duration of pain experience(F=5.48, p=.000), Stage(F=10.39, p=.000), and Lesion site(F=8.10, p=.000). There was a significant positive correlation between depression and pain(r=.37, p=.000) and between depression and discomfort(r=.37, p=.000). Conclusion : Patients with breast cancer experiencing depression and pain. Increase in depression was associated with increase in pain and discomfort. Nurses must provide patients with nursing care about the occurrence of depression and interventions to deal with pain control and prevent discomfort.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권6호
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• pp.793-808
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• 2023

Türkiye is located in a region where destructive earthquakes are frequently experienced due to its geological characteristics and geographical location. Therefore, considering the possibility of a devastating earthquake at any time, determining the reinforced concrete (RC) building seismic safety, constructed before or after the current seismic buildings code, is one of the most important issues to be completed firstly. For this purpose, rapid assessment methods developed to quickly determine the seismic safety of buildings are available in the literature. Comparison of the principles of Principles of the Determination of Risky Structures-2019, Column and Wall Index Method, P25 Scoring Method and Improved Discriminant Analysis Method, which are among these methods, have been aimed within the scope of this study. Within the scope of this paper, a total of 43 buildings in the Yalova/Çınarcık region of Türkiye that the damage level was determined by street observation method immediately after the 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit) Earthquake; 15 buildings with heavy damage and 28 buildings with moderate damage were examined by rapid assessment methods. Although the risk detection difference was not separated as a clear line in any of the methods used, the results obtained from the rapid assessment methods are evaluated as being compatible with the detected after earthquake structural seismic behavior of the buildings. The PDRS-2019 and column and wall index method gave the most approximate results. In the results obtained from the analyzes; structural features such as number of floors, frame continuity, soft/weak story irregularity, effective shear strength area, existence of heavy overhangs in plan, type of structural system have been found to be significantly effective on the earthquake behavior of buildings.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.135-159
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• 2020

본 연구는 교육과정, 수업, 평가의 일체화를 강조하고 있는 교육의 변화 속에서 2015 개정 가정과 교육과정에서 수업과 평가를 연계할 수 있는 서술형 평가 문항을 개발하는 것에 목적을 두었으며 연구의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평가계획 수립 단계에서는 평가기준에 제시된 평가 영역 중 서술형 평가에 적합한 14개의 성취기준이 분석되었으며 총 29개 문항의 내용요소를 포함하여 문항요소를 개발하였다. 둘째, 평가도구 개발 단계에서는 서술형 문항의 구조에 알맞은 문항을 사전개발하고, 문항에서 활용할 자료, 채점기준의 제시 방법을 각 문항에 맞게 선택하였다. 셋째, 답안 및 채점기준표 작성 단계에서는 채점기준과 부분점수별 예시 답안을 채점기준표로 작성하고 평가목표와 채점 항목, 항목별 배점을 검토하였다. 넷째, 전문가 검토 및 수정·보완 단계에서는 개발된 문항과 답안들은 전문적 교과학습공동체 교사들과 함께 문항 구성요소, 평가목표의 구체화, 출제 의도의 구현 여부, 채점 결과에 대하여 예비검토와 상호검토를 거쳐 수정·보완하였다. 본 연구는 서술형 평가 문항과 채점기준 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 활용될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 교사의 평가 전문성에 대한 인식변화를 도모하고 추후 학습자의 지식 적용능력을 높이기 위한 서술형 문항개발 연구에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.