• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2009

Background: Though it is clear that many types of viruses can infect the oral mucosa, its condition for infection is unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the conditions for viral infection of normal oral mucosa and explore the possibility of topical gene therapy to oral mucosa using a viral vector. Methods: Freshly taken fragments of the palate and the tongue of mice were used for organ culture. The specimens were exposed to green fluorescent protein (GFP)-adenoviral vector for 1 hour except for the control. Initial viral titer was $6.3{\times}10^{11}\;pfu/ml$ and the virus was diluted to working concentrations. The dilution ratio was 1:1,000 ($6.3{\times}10^8\;pfu/ml$), 1:10,000 ($6.3{\times}10^7\;pfu/ml$), and 1:100,000 ($6.3{\times}10^6\;pfu/ml$). They were then cultured on a stainless steel wire mesh in an organ culture dish. The specimens were stereoscopically examined every 24 hours for 6 days, after which they were fixed and analyzed through immunohistochemical methods Results: There was no visible expression in the control, $6.3{\times}10^6\;pfu/ml$, and $6.3{\times}10^7\;pfu/ml$ groups. Initial expression was observed at 24 hours after infection in both the palate and the tongue in $6.3{\times}10^8\;pfu/ml$ and the expression significantly increased until 3 days in the palate and 2 days in the tongue after infection (P<0.05). In both groups, the expression was mostly observed at the resection margin. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the epithelial cells were positive to GFP. Conclusion: The present study showed that topically applied adenovirus containing specific genetic information of GFP could successfully transduce GFP in normal oral epithelial cells at the resection margin in organ culture in terms of dose and exposure time.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2012

To evaluate the ability of Dongchongxiacao ($Paecilomyces$ $japonica$) extract (PJE) to protect the skin from photodamage, the gross and microscopic changes in the skin of hairless mice and PJE-treated mice exposed chronically to ultraviolet (UV) were examined. The skin of the UV-irradiated mice showed characteristic signs of photoaging, such as deep wrinkles across the back. PJE-treated mice showed a significantly decreased wrinkling score. By the 22nd week, 88.9% (i.p. with saline) or 44.4% (topical administration with cream base) of the UV-irradiated mice developed at least one tumor. PJE delayed tumor onset significantly. PJE (i.p.) was also effective in reducing the occurrence of UV radiation-induced skin tumors and reduced the number of tumors per mouse. After 22 weeks of treatment, 80.0% (i.p.) and 75.0% (topical) of the mice treated with PJE were tumor-free. Tumor multiplicity was reduced by 96.2% (i.p.) in the PJE treated groups. It is noted that skin that is chronically exposed to UV is subject to photoaging and photocarcinogenesis and regular use of PJE would prevent these photodamaging effects of UV.

• Korean journal of dermatology
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• v.56 no.9
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• pp.548-551
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• 2018

Biologics are the most advanced treatment for psoriasis. Ustekinumab, one of the biologics for psoriasis, is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. A 41-year-old woman with a 17-year history of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis presented with worsening lesions. The patient had previously been treated with a number of topical and systemic medications and narrow band ultraviolet B. However, none of the treatments consistently controlled her disease. Thus, treatment with ustekinumab 45 mg via subcutaneous injection was initiated. Approximately 7 days after the first treatment, she experienced a flare with generalized pustules in her whole body. The condition was controlled with systemic steroid treatment. The patient was subsequently treated with adalimumab, and improvement in her plaque and pustular lesions was noted. Herein, we report a case of psoriasis that flared up after ustekinumab therapy, which was accompanied by a morphological change from plaque to pustular lesions.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

This study explored men's choice of fashion as a college major and, subsequently, a non-traditional career path. Such investigation is important to gain a better understanding of the motives and processes of selecting a non-traditional college major and subsequent career path. This research consulted several theoretical frameworks to guide the development of research questions and help interpret the findings of the study. Specifically, our study builds upon Holland's trait theory (1982), Gottfredson's (1981) circumscription theory, Farmer's (1985) model of career motivation, and Simpson's (2005) typology of men's non-traditional career entry. A qualitative method was used to explore men's experiences of selecting fashion as an academic major in college and deciding to pursue a career in the traditionally female-dominated field. Following the analysis of 22 individual interviews with male upperclassmen majoring in fashion, three topical areas emerged and we proposed a model of male students' path to a non-traditional college major. The model explains male students' dynamics of entering a non-traditional college major, the role of personal and social factors in the decision process as well as the role of future career orientation when choosing to study fashion as an academic major.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.253-272
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the counseling contents of daycare center teachers by using text mining and semantic network analysis methods to find the necessary support directions for daycare teachers and to improve the quality of child-care. Methods: Five hundred thirteen cases of counseling recorded on the open bulletin board of online counseling (Naver Bands for Nursery Teacher Counseling) were collected, and frequency analysis, centrality solidarity analysis, and machine learning-based topic analysis were conducted using the NetMiner4.3 program. Results: First, 'teacher-to-child ratio' was highest in the frequency. Second, 'colleagues' were all high in all centrality analysis. Third, machine learning-based topical analysis shows that the topics were categorized as subjects about 'childcare and education', 'working environment that supports professional development' and 'working condition', and among them, 'first-time teacher concerns' accounted for 44% of the total counseling content. Conclusion/Implications: This study implied that it is necessary to provide high-quality child-care and education to infants by lowering the 'teacher-to-child ratio', and a systematic program is needed to help improve effective communication skills in interpersonal relationships such as between parents, fellow teachers, and principals. In addition, self-development and efforts to improve teachers expertise should be prioritized in order to improve infant care quality and quality of teachers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

Ready-made Garments (RMG) export earnings, which are almost 80% of the total exports of Bangladesh, have been recognized as one of the main catalysts for the recent development of the country. Therefore, the need to determine whether the RMG export had served as a mechanism for increasing the GDP growth as well as the economic development of the country is topical and pressing. We have applied the Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to reveal the linkage of RMG export earnings and other variables with the GDP growth rate in Bangladesh. Using data from 1990 to 2020 for Bangladesh, we have found long-run as well as short-run associations among RMG Export earnings, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and GDP growth. A co-integration among the variables is validated through the Johansen Co-integration test. Moreover, a causal correlation running from RMG export earnings to GDP was revealed by the Granger causality test in the long run. Finally, we estimated impulse response functions to observe the variations of model variables in response to a shock. Our result supports the proposition that RMG export earnings are one of the main growth engines in Bangladesh and this sector leads growth in other sectors also in the long term.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Purpose: Marketing and especially distribution channels has proved challenging for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) worldwide due to its exorbitant cost. The objective of this study is to access the role and impact of digital marketing as a new distribution channel in companies located in Kosovo. Research design, data and methodology: To achieve the objective of the research, data was collected from 64 respondents/participants working in different organizations and sectors. Results: The result of the data collected showed that digital marketing plays a huge role and an effective medium in distribution of products and services, and helps in boosting sales of companies. The results showed that this form of marketing helps with retention of customers and cost effectiveness. Conclusions: The managerial implication of this study is that it is believed that customers in the topical conversation region are impacted by Kosovo businesses and their online marketing initiatives. The results of this study suggest that marketers and managers should take advantage of social media in order to accomplish the study's main objective. However, for enhanced productivity and high-level effectiveness of Digital marketing in Kosovo, there should be proper sensitization on the available digital marketing options and how it can be done.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2007

The effects of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henenis Strapf) leaf extract (BLE) on the changes of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation-induced apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) and epidermal ATPase-positive dendritic cell (DC) in SKH1-hr or ICR mouse were investigated. The mice were treated with UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$) and were sacrificed 24 hours later. BLE (50 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle (saline) was given i.p. at 36 and 12 hours before irradiation, and 30 minutes after irradiation. BLE cream (0.2%) or cream base (vehicle) was also topically treated at 24 hours and 15 minutes before irradiation, and immediately after irradiation. The skin of SKH1-hr mouse prepared from the back of untreated mice exhibited about 0.3 SBC/cm length of epidermis, and 24 hours after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of SBCs. But the frequency of UVB-induced SBC formation was significantly reduced by intraperitoneal injection (59.0%) and topical application (31.8%) of BLE extract. The numbers of DC in normal ICR mouse were $628.00{\pm}51.56\;or\;663.20{\pm}62.58\;per\;mm^2$ of ear epidermis. By 1 day after UVB treatment, the number of ATPase-positive $cells/mm^2$ were decreased by 39.0% or 27.1% in i.p. or topical application group with vehicle. The frequency of UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$)-induced DC decrease was reduced by treatment of BLE as 25.7% in i.p. group and 3.2% in topical application group compared with the irradiation control group. The results presented herein that BLE administration could reduce the extent of skin damages produced by UVB.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2006

The silver nanocrystalline is widely used for biological field because of its biocompatibility and anti-microbial effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the silver nanocrystalline ointment on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsulitis. Total 39 patients were included in this study and all patients were received single topical application of the silver nanocrystalline ointment (group A, n=30) or placebo ointment (group B, n=19). Measured variables were maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and VAS for function. In results, we could not assess any therapeutic efficacy of single application in the chronic TMJ capsulitis (p>0.05). However, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment showed significant improvement in MMO and VAS for pain compared to placebo effect in the acute TMJ capsulitis (p<0.05). We could not find any complications related to ointment application in both groups. In conclusion, the single application of silver nanocrystalline ointment was effective in improving patient's symptom in acute TMJ capsulitis without any noticing complications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.193-196
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• 2013

Artecoll (Artes Medical Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) has recently been developed as a permanent synthetic cosmetic filler. We experienced an inflammatory granuloma resulting from a previous injection of Artecoll at the upper lip, which was regarded as a rare side effect of this filler. A 50-year-old female patient complained of swelling, dull pain, and heat in the right upper nasolabial fold area, which had started one week before her visit to Kyungpook National University Hospital. The patient received topical steroid therapy at a local clinic, which was not effective. At the injection site, a hard nodule was palpated and erythema was observed with mild tenderness. Antibiotic treatment and subsequent incision and drainage did not result in complete cure of the facial swelling, and the facial swelling and pain persisted. Computed tomography showed a lesion approximately 1-cm in size without clear boundaries and relatively increased nodular thickening. Finally, a subdermal lesion was removed via an intraoral vestibular approach. The lesion was diagnosed as inflammatory granuloma by a permanent biopsy. The patient had healed at two months after the filler injection. Although the soft tissue filler is widely used for cosmetic purposes, there is potential for complication, such as the inflammatory granuloma should be considered before treatment.