• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was occurred at 8 areas including Naju, Suncheon, Younggwang, Youngam, and Shinan in Jeonnam province and the crops of Younggwang were severely damaged by TSWV. The hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum v ar. angulosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) in greenhouse and hot pepper in open field were infected by TSWV. Especially, hot pepper was severely damaged by TSWV infection. The survey data indicated that 1.1-30% in the nursery field at Naju, Suncheon, and Jangheung were infected by TSWV. Plants were infected by TSWV from early June to August. However, TSWV-infected seedlings from nursery fields showed the disease symptoms from May after transplanting. In pepper greenhouses, Frankliniella occidentalis was more dominant insect vector than Frankliniella intonsa. But in open field, the population of insect vector was opposed to greenhouse. In addition, the removal of weeds was able to delay the incidence of TSWV via side-window of greenhouse in Winter. Taken together, the control of weed and insect vector nearby side-window of greenhouse is important to prevent TSWV infection of plants.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

One hundred Capsicum accessions were screened for symptomatic response and resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus-pb1 (TSWV-pb1). Symptom and its severity rating were checked by visual observation at 9, 12, 14, and 45 days after inoculation, respectively. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay was performed all tested individuals on non-inoculated upper leaves after the third rating to indentify viral infection. Leaf curling was predominant in almost susceptible individuals of each accession. Stem necrosis was most frequent in wild species while yellowing in commercial hybrids and Korean land race cultivars. Ring spot, a typical symptom of TSWV, was rarely detected in some of a few accessions. Different levels of resistance to TSWV-pb1 were observed among the tested accessions. High level of resistance was detected in 4 commercial cultivars of Kpc-35, -36, -57, and -62, and 8 wild species of PBI-11, C00105, PBC076, PBC280, PBC426, PBC495, PBC537, and PI201238 through seedling test by mechanical inoculation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2018

Demand for tomatoes has been increasing every year as people desire more healthy food. In Korea, tomatoes are mainly grown in the Chungnam, Chunnam and Kyungnam provinces. Recently, reports of whitefly-transmitted viral diseases have increased due to newly emerging whitefly pressures caused by climate change in Korea. Specifically, in 2017, the main tomato growing areas, Buyeo and Nonsan in Chungnam, showed damage typical of viral infection; therefore, we investigated viral diseases in these areas. We collected samples with virus-like symptoms and found that not only whitefly transmitted Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) were detected but also Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, for which no specific vector is known) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, transmitted by thrips). The ToMV-infected samples were mostly co-infected with either TYLCV or ToCV. Mixed infections of different combinations of TYLCV, ToCV and ToMV were detected with the mixed infection of two whitefly-transmitted viruses (TYLCV and ToCV) causing the most severe symptoms. According to the CP sequence of each virus, the 100% identities were shown to be Mexico/ABG73017.1 (TYLCV), Greece/CDG34553.1 (ToCV), China/AKN79752 (TSWV), and Australia/NP078449.1 (ToMV). Based on the sequence data, we presumed that these tomato infecting viruses were transmitted through insects and seeds introduced from neighboring countries.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 1996

The genome of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is composed of three RNA segments, S, M, and L RNA and the 5.0 kb M RNA encodes two glycoproteins Gl, G2 and NSm protein of unknown function. In an effort to investigate the function of the NSm protein, antibody was raised against NSm fusion protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli. This antibody was used to detect the NSm protein by using western blot analysis and electron microscopic observation after immunogold labelling. For the cloning of the NSm gene, total RNA extracted from a TSWV infected plant was used for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instead of going through time-consuming virus purification. A protein band specifically reacting to the NSm antibody was detected from TSWV inoculated plants. The NSm protein was detected in the cell wall fraction and in pellet from low speed centrifugation when the infected plant tissue was fractionated into 4 fractions. In the immuno-electron microscopic observation, gold particles were found around the plasmodesmata of infected plant tissue. These results suggest that the NSm protein of TSWV plays some role in cell-to-cell movement of this virus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.374-383
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• 2023

Capsicum annuum (CA) is grown outdoors across fields in Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. The weeds surrounding these fields were investigated regarding the infection of 11 viruses infecting CA during the year 2014-2018. In the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnosis, 546 out of 821 CA samples (66.5%) were infected by nine viruses, and 190 out of 918 weed samples (20.7%) were infected by eight viruses. Correlation analysis of the mutual influence of the viruses infecting CA and weeds during these 5 years showed that five viruses had significant positive correlations with the infection in both CA and weeds. Over the study period, the weeds infected by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the previous year were positively correlated with the incidence of CMV infection in CA in the current year, although the correlation was lower for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) compared to CMV. The CMV infection percent was 14.0% in summer annuals, 11.4% in perennials, and 7.8% in winter annuals. However, considering the overwintering period without CA, the infection percent was 5.2% higher in winter annuals and perennials than that in summer annuals, indicating that winter annual and perennial weeds served as the main habitats for insect vectors. The TSWV infection percent in weeds was 10.4% in summer annuals, 6.4% in winter annuals, and 6.2% in perennials. The weeds surrounding CA fields, acting as the intermediate hosts, were found to be the potent sources of infection, influencing the spread and diversity of CA-infecting viruses. The results of this study can contribute to prevent viral infection in agricultural fields.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2006

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was occurred newly on the 4 ornamental plants of Impatiens balsamina (Balsam), Dahlia variabilis (Dahlia), Callistephus chinensis (Aster) and Zinnia elegans (Indian lilac) at Anyang area in Korea. TSWV produced the typical symptoms of single or double ring spots on the leaves and induced usually necrosis, wilt and/or severe mosaic.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

Major tomato viruses in Korea are Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). RT-PCR conditions for the viruses were examined, especially in primer set and RT-PCR mixture. Total 46 primer sets from the unique sequence of the viruses were tested for nonspecific background products in a RT-PCR mixture without template. Among them 16 primer sets were applied to healthy tomato RNA, resulting the compatibility between RT-PCR mixture and primer set influenced RT-PCR to reduce nonspecific background products. Based on the combinations among cDNA synthesis parameters and RT-PCR mixtures, two reaction mixtures were finally selected for ToCV detection. The condition allowed to determine more specific primer sets; C029 (ToCV), C072 (TSWV), C070 (CMV), C048 (PepMoV), and C065 (ToMV). These primer sets are expected to be of use to specific detection of the major viruses in tomato plants.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.730-736
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• 2015

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) causes one of the most destructive viral diseases that threatens global tomato production. Sw-5b was reported as the resistance gene effective against TSWV. The objective of this research was to develop a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker to distinguish tomato cultivars resistant to TSWV from susceptible cultivars for marker-assisted breeding. First, we determined genotypes for TSWV resistance in 32 commercial tomato cultivars using the previously reported Sw-5b gene-based marker. Then, DNA sequences of Sw-5b alleles in tomato cultivars showing resistant or susceptible genotypes were analyzed; a single SNP was found to distinguish tomato cultivars resistant to TSWV from susceptible cultivars. Based on the confirmed SNP, a SNP primer pair was designed. Using this new SNP sequence and high-resolution melting analysis, the same 32 tomato cultivars were screened. The results were perfectly correlated with those from screening with the Sw-5b gene-based marker. These results indicate that the SNP maker developed in this study will be useful for better tracking of resistance to TSWV in tomato breeding.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2012

A total of 94 tomato accessions were evaluated for the resistance to $Tomato$ $spotted$ $wilt$ $virus$ (TSWV) using a Sw5-2 SCAR marker and bioassay. PCR products of the marker were approximately 574 bp, 500 bp, and 462 bp, among which the longest was linked to TSWV resistance allele of Sw5-b. This allele was only found in three accessions (09-438, 10-318, and 10-321) in which some individuals showed apparent recovery or stem necrosis symptom to a tomato isolate of TSWV-pb1. Thirty-five individuals (one per each accession) which were non-infected by ELISA were selected for further observation. Among these, 26 individuals that did not show any symptom at 5 months after inoculation were confirmed for viral infection by RT-PCR. TSWV-specific PCR amplicon was weakly detected in all 26 individuals including 'Eureta', a commercial F1 possessing the resistance allele of Sw5-b. The resistant genes in the selected individuals may play an important role for reducing the viral concentration in tissues of inoculated tomato plants and seems to be quantitatively controlled by several factors including Sw5-b gene.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 1987

A virus which induced yellowing, vein banding and ruffling on pepper in the field was investigated. The virus reacted strongly with PVY - antiserum in ELISA, but not with antisera of cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, tomato black ring virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, tobacco etch virus, pepper mottle virus, and tobacco ringspot virus. Electron micrographs revealed that the virus was a flexuous rod of 750-760nm in length. The virus was transmitted mechanically and by Myzus persicae in a nonpersistent manner. The host range was similar to that of PVY, except that Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa were infected systemiclly.