• Title/Summary/Keyword: Toddlers

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Health Education Program Development for Infants, Toddlers and Preschool Children (영유아보건생활 교육프로그램 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Ja-Hyung;Kim Il-Ok
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.262-269
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a health education program for child care workers of infants, toddlers and preschoolers to improve their care ability. The program provided child care teachers and children with information on how to take care of their health. Method: This program development was based on a systematic design of instruction by Dick & Carey(1996). The process included a review of literature, setting an instructional goal, getting advice from various experts, designing instruction and instructional medias, designing formative evaluation, revising the program and making a summative evaluations. Result: The products of this program were the 'Teachers Guide Book & CD-ROM.' The guide book included health education programs for infants, toddlers and preschoolers. The infant program included a basic baby care program for teachers. The toddlers and preschoolers program included basic health promotion, dental health, nutrition management, communicable disease prevention, substance abuse prevention and a safety program. Conclusion: These programs provided a systematic content of health education for children and their teachers, and useful data which can be applied to child care centers.

The Relationship between Toddlers' Negative Emotionality and Mothers' Parenting Stress: The Moderating Roles of Husbands' Cooperation, Mother-Teacher Partnership, and Other Social Support (걸음마기 아동의 부정적 정서성과 어머니의 양육스트레스 간 관계: 남편 및 보육교사의 협력과 주위도움의 조절효과)

  • Park, Hyeon Ju;Kim, Hee Jung;Ahn, Sun Hee
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.55-67
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress and the moderating roles of a husbands'cooperation, mother-teacher partnership, and other social support. The participants of this study were 248 mothers with toddlers aged 24-35 months. The method of research used was the questionnaire method. The collected data were mainly analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. First, there were differences in mother's parenting stress according to individual characteristics such as mothers employment status, parenting costs, mother's feeling of pregnancy. Second, a moderator effect of a husbands' cooperation was found in the relationship between toddlers'negative emotionality and mothers' parenting stress. Therefore, it was confirmed that husband's cooperation is more of an important factor in nursing children with negative emotions than other support systems.

The Development of a Korean Home Environment Scale for Infants and Toddlers (보육교사를 위한 영아용 가정환경 척도 개발 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Min;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Jung, Hyun-Sim
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2011
  • This study was aimed at developing a scale to evaluate Korean home environments for infants and toddlers for the purpose of being used by teachers caring for infants and toddlers. The subjects of this study were 250 mothers of 0- to 2-year-olds. Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated in order to analyze the outcomes of this study. As a result, 38 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination. Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis : 'developmental stimulus', 'responsivity', 'encouragement of verbal interaction', and 'arrangement of daily routines'. Our analysis of the correlation of this scale with SES, HOME, and children's developmental outcomes showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high. These results identify this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for infants and toddlers.

The Relationship between Toddlers' Vocabulary Ability, Classroom Reading Activities and Teachers' Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors during Book Reading (영아반 그림책 읽기 활동, 교사의 언어적·비언어적 행동 및 영아의 어휘력 간의 관계)

  • Jeung, Jee Eun;Kim, Myoung Soon
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.91-106
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of toddlers' vocabulary ability with reading activities and teachers' verbal and nonverbal behaviors during book reading. The subjects were 52 teachers and 104 toddlers at age 2. Lee and Kim (2004)'s categories of the Teachers' Verbal Behaviors, the categories of the Nonverbal Behavioral Analysis(Kim. 2005), and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Kim, et al.1995) were used. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Correlations. The results indicated that there were significant correlations in the subcategories of reading activities in classrooms, teachers' picture book reading behaviors, and toddler's vocabulary ability. The toddler's vocabulary ability increased as the 'interacting time both before and after book reading' became longer. The toddler's vocabulary ability increased as 'connecting with previous experience', 'asking questions for confirmation', 'acknowledging,' and 'expanding' of verbal behavior, as well as the nonverbal behavior, such as 'requesting behavior', 'emotional contact,' and 'empathetic behavior.' In conclusion, teachers' reading behaviors and activities were related to toddlers' vocabulary ability.

Korean Mothers' Beliefs Regarding Toddlers' Temperament, and their Reactions to What they View as Desirable and Undesirable Behavior (걸음마기 영아의 기질적 특성에 관한 어머니의 신념과 반응)

  • Yun, Ki Bong;Park, Seong Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.103-121
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to explore Korean mothers' beliefs regarding their toddlers' temperament, including what they believe constitutes desirable and undesirable behavior, and their resulting reactions. Data were collected int the process of interviewing 50 Korean mothers of toddlers (whose average age was 34.1 Months, and of which 54% were boys). Results revealed that mothers considered 'High-Sociality', 'Positive Affect' and 'High-Effortful Control' as desirable temperaments, whereas 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' were considered to be undesirable temperaments for toddlers. Mothers cited the importance of child 'Sociality' and 'Development', 'Easiness of Parenting' and 'Child Happiness' as the reasons for their beliefs. While, they considered 'Negative Affect', 'Under-Effortful Control' and 'Low Sociality' to be undesirable temperaments, citing 'Sociality', 'Difficulty of Parenting', 'Development' and 'Child Safety' as the reasons. Finally, mothers were more likely to give verbal encouragement or physical encouragement such as hugging, in responding to desirable behavior on the part of their child, whereas they were more likely to give firm inhibition, reasoning or inconsistent reaction to their child's undesirable behavior. Many of the mothers' beliefs varied depending on the child's gender. Results were discussed in relation to cultural perspectives.

The Development and Validation of a Playfulness Scale for Infants & Toddlers (영아 놀이성 척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구)

  • Kim, Yeonsook;Lee, Jonghee
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.85-107
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the Infants & Toddlers' Playfulness Scale(ITPS) was developed and its reliability and validity were examined. The participants in this study consisted of 656 parents whose children were 8 to 36 months old. Five factors were identified from the results of the exploratory factor analysis performed on the 29 items that had been derived by analyzing existing research. The Goodness of Fit Indices(GFIs) of the confirmatory factor analyses, performed on the 1st-order 5-factor model and the 2nd-order one factor model, were both satisfactory. Concurrent validity was established by the high correlations of r = .631~.808(p < .01) between each factor of the ITPS and the total score of the Children's Playfulness Scale(CPS), an existing measure for children's playfulness. The reliability of each factor, as measured by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ranged from .773 to .883. Consequently, the ITPS developed in this study can be seen as a reliable and valid scale that can be used by parents to measure the playfulness of their infants and toddlers in a multi-dimensional manner.

The Acquisition of Parenting Information and Knowledge Levels of Mothers with Infants and Toddlers (영아기 및 걸음마기 자녀를 둔 어머니의 양육정보 습득과 양육지식)

  • Lee, Joo-Yeon;Lee, Sok-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.179-197
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    • 2010
  • The present study investigated how mothers with infants and toddlers obtain information about parenting and examined the nature of maternal parenting knowledge in order to evaluate the quality of the information. The mothers' age and educational level were included in the analysis as a influential factor on parenting knowledge. Four hundred and twenty-nine mothers with infants and toddlers completed the questionnaires issued regarding the source and content of parenting information and parenting knowledge. The results indicated that the mothers with only one child preferred to utilize their friends and relatives as their primary source of information and the mothers with more than one child acquired parenting information from their own previous experience. Second, the subjects were most interested in acquiring information related to physical development and medical problems. Third, the main effects of all independent variables were found. In addition, the interactional effects between the educational level and source of parenting information for the mother with only one child and the interactional effects between age and source of parenting information for the mother with more than one child were determined as a result of this study. These results indicate that there are some high-risk groups when it comes to the acquisition of parenting knowledge and we suggest providing valid and reliable information to these most vulnerable groups.

The Home Literacy Activities, Mothers' Verbal Behavior, and Toddler-mother Joint Attention : The Relationship to the Language-cognitive Development of Toddlers (가정문해활동, 어머니의 언어적 행동 및 영아-어머니 간 공동주의와 영아의 언어·인지 발달간의 관계)

  • Kim, Myoung-Soon;Han, Chan-Hee;You, Jee-Young
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.199-213
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between the home literacy activities, mothers' verbal behavior, toddler-mother joint attention and the language-cognitive development of toddlers. The language-cognitive development of toddlers was assessed by means of the Mental Scale from the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The home literacy activities were measured by means of the questionnaire used by You (2009), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979). Lee & Kim (2004)'s categories was used to observe the mothers' verbal behaviors during shared book reading; joint attention episodes were observed by classification categories for engagement condition (Bakeman & Adamson, 1984). One of the more important conclusions of this study is our suggestion that mothers' verbal behaviors and the toddler-mother coordinated joint attention were significantly related to the language-cognitive development of toddlers as it takes place within low-income families.

A Comparison of Effects of Toddler's Temperament and Teacher-Toddler Relationship on Peer Interaction: Focusing on Gender Differences (영아의 기질, 영아-교사관계가 또래상호작용에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 차이를 중심으로)

  • Yoo, Jooyun;Yi, Soon-Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.93-110
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of toddler's temperament and toddler-teacher relationship on their peer interaction, focusing on gender differences. A total of 221 toddlers(122 boys and 99 girls) attending 16 child care centers in South Korea participated in this study. Each toddler was observed during a free-play period in the classroom over 4 sessions of 5 minutes, so a total of 20 minutes was measured. Two observers scored recorded observation scenes with two peer interaction criteria, including interaction initiation and interaction participation level. The main results of this study are as follows: First, there was a signigicant gender difference in peer interaction and toddler's temperament and toddler-teacher relationship. Second, the factor of toddler-teacher relationship significantly predicted the boys' peer interaction, while for the girls, the significant predictor was intentional control of temperamental factors. Further, implications for different approaches according to the gender difference of the affecting factor on toddlers' peer interaction have been discussed.

The Predictive Factors of Maternal Parenting Stress and Longitudinal Trajectories : With a Focuse on the Effects of Maternal Parenting Styles and Toddlers' Peer Interruptive Behaviors (어머니 양육 스트레스의 예측변인과 종단적 변화 : 어머니 양육행동과 유아의 또래 방해행동에 미치는 영향을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hee-jung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.209-227
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    • 2015
  • The present study investigated maternal parenting stress trajectories, using data gathered from the Korean Children Panel Survey. Four factors-monthly income, maternal depression levels, infants' negative emotionality, marital conflict-which were taken from reports made by the mothers' used in this study, were examined as predictors of maternal parenting stress trajectories. The effects of maternal parenting stress trajectories, parenting styles and toddlers' peer interruptive behaviors were also examined. The findings were as follows: First, maternal parenting stress trajectories somewhat increased from the 1st year period to the 4th year period. Second, infants' negative emotionality and marital conflict within the first year were observed to have a connection to the initial level and slope of maternal parenting stress trajectories. Third, maternal parenting stress trajectories predicted positive parenting styles, and parenting styles had a longitudinal impact on toddlers' peer interruptive behaviors at the 5th year period.