• ALGAE
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2005

Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis has a systemic infection with the ascomycete Mycophycias ascophylli (Cotton) Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer with which it establishese a mutualistic symbiosis. In addition, A. nodosum is the host for the obligate red algal epiphyte, Vertebrata lanosa (L.) Christensen. Using light and electron microscopy we describe morphological and cytochemical changes occurring as a consequence of rhizoid penetration of V. lanosa into cortical host tissue. Rhizoids induce localized cell necrosis based on physical damage during rhizoid penetration. Host cells adjacent to the rhizoid selectively undergo a hypersensitive reaction in which they become darkly pigmented and become foci for hyphal development. Light and electron microscopy show that M. ascophylli forms dense hyphal aggregations on the surface of the V. lanosa rhizoid and extensive endophytic hyphal growths in the rhizoid wall. This is the first morphological evidence of an interaction between M. ascophylli and V. lanosa. We speculate that M. ascophylli may be interacting with V. lanosa to limit tissue damage to their shared host. In addition, the fungus provides a potential pathway for the transfer of materials (e.g., nutrients and photosynthate) between the two phototrophs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 1996

This study was performed to observe the bacterial adhesion and penetration to e-PTFE membrane following guided tissue regeneration(GTR) procedure and to evaluate the association of the membrane exposure and bacterial contamination with the clinical outcome. For the study, ten infrabony defects in 9 patient were treated by mucoperiosteal flap operation including placement of the e-PTFE membrane. The treated teeth were monitored weekly for the membrane exposure, gingival recession and gingival inflammation. The membranes were retrieved after 4 to 6 weeks, examined by SEM for bacterial contamination and adherent connective tisue elements, and observed under LM for the bacterial penetration into membrane. Three months postsurgery, the defect sites were clinically reexamined for the changes in attachment level and probing depth. Comparison of the ultrastuctural findings and clinical outcome revealed that extent of membrane exposure and bacterial contamination of the membrane was inversely associated with clinical attachment gain. From this finding, the extent of membrane exposure and the bacterial contamination on the apical portion of the e-PTFE membrane at the time of removal seemed to be a critical determinant on the clinical outcome of GTR and the membrane exposure needs to be controlled for optimal results.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2005

암치료에 사용되고 있는 광역학 치료는 환자에게 광민감제를 투여하고 다이오드 레이저(630 nm)를 조사하여 생성되는 단일상태 산소와 자유 라디칼에 의해 암조직을 괴사시키는 치료방법이다. 현재 광역학 치료의 문제점은 부피가 큰 종양이나 고형암에서는 빛이 종양전체를 투과할 수 없으므로 광역학 치료의 효과가 떨어지는 것이다. 따라서 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 간질성 광역학 치료법을 개발하고자 한다. 생체조직내의 정확한 광선량 측정이 간질성광역학치료의 효과에 매우 중요한 영향을 주므로, 실험 연구에 사용된 계수는 실제 생체조직의 광학 계수이다. 생체조직 대부분은 가시광선영역에서 큰 산란계수를 가지며, 투과 깊이에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 가시영역에서의 인체조직의 투과깊이는 약 $15\~20mm$이었다. 몬테칼로 시뮬레이션(Monte Carlo simulation)을 이용하여 생체조직내의 광전파, 광선량, 에너지율, 투과깊이를 잘 측정할 수 있음을 알았다. 그리고 이 시뮬레이션 결과를 가지고 고형암에 간질성 광역학 치료를 하여 치료효과를 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 기능성 미백물질인 나이아신아마이드(NI)의 피부 투과율을 개선시키기 위해 NI를 고형지질 나노입자(solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs))에 봉입하고 피부 투과율을 평가하였다. NI는 이중 에멀션 가온용융 유화법으로 SLNs 내에 효과적으로 봉입할 수 있었으며, 평균 입자 크기는 263.30 ~ 436.93 nm이었고 제타전위는 -34.77 ~ -57.60 mV인 안정한 입자를 제조하였다. NI의 피부 투과 연구를 위해 인체 표피 조직에서 유래된 피부각질세포로 만든 3차원적 인공피부(SkinEthic^TM RHE)을 사용하였다. NI의 피부 투과 및 침적 실험 결과 모든 SLNs 제형이 NI의 피부 투과 및 침적율을 개선시켰으며, SLNs을 적용하였을 때가 그렇지 않을 때 보다 투과율은 약 5.4 ~ 7.6 배, 침적율은 9.5 ~ 20.8 배 개선되었을을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 제조된 고형지질나노입자는 기능성 미백물질인 나이아신아마이드의 피부 투과율을 개선하기에 충분한 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2022

형광 이미징은 시간 분해능과 공간 해상도가 높기 때문에 기초연구에서 세포나 소동물 이미징에 널리 활용된다. 기존의 형광 이미징은 가시광선 영역의 광원을 활용하기 때문에 조직 내 광투과도가 낮고, 광원에 의한 광독성이 생길 수 있으며, 자가형광에 의한 간섭으로 검출 민감도가 떨어지는 한계가 있다. 이러한 점을 개선하기 위해 에너지가 낮은 장파장의 광원을 활용하고자 하며, 700~900 nm 영역을 활용하는 근적외선-I 형광 이미징이 개발되었고, 이미징 성능을 대폭 향상시키기 위해서 1000~1700 nm 영역의 장파장을 이용하는 근적외선-II 이미징이 연구자들의 관심을 받고 있다. 근적외선-II 영역은 광산란이 최소화되어 생체조직 내 투과도를 약 10 mm까지 향상시킬 수 있고, 생체조직의 자가형광도 최소화되어 고민감도와 고해상도의 형광 이미징이 가능하다. 본 총설에서는 다양한 근적외선-II 형광 이미징 탐침 중에서 광안정성이 뛰어나고 발광 파장 조절이 용이한 무기 나노입자 기반 탐침에 대해 살펴보았고, 그 중에서 단층 탄소 나노튜브와 양자점 및 란탄족 나노입자에 대해 중점적으로 기술하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.393-410
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of enamel matrix derivative on guided bone regeneration with intramarrow penetration in rabbits. Eight adult male rabbits (mean BW 2Kg) were used in this study. Intramarrow penetration defects were surgically created with round carbide bur(HP long #6) on calvaria of rabbits. Defects were assigned to the control group grafted with mixture of the same quantity of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral. Then, guided bone regeneration was carried out using resorbable membrane and suture. Enamel matrix derivative applied to defects was assigned to the test group. And treated as same manners as the control group. At 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after the surgery, animals were sacrificed, specimens were obtained and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. At 1, 2 and 3 weeks, no differences were observed between the control group and the test group in the aspect of bone formation around bone graft. 2. Proliferation of blood capillary was faster in the test group than in the control group. 3. Bone regeneration in intramarrow penetration was faster in the test group than in the control group. 4. At 8 weeks, new osteoid tissue formation around bone graft was more prominent in the test group than in the control group. From the above results, enamel matrix derivative might be considered as the osteopromotion material and effective in the guided bone regeneration with intramarrow penetration.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.58-69
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• 2024

To evaluate the adhesive characteristics of mixed cross-laminated timber (CLT) using domestic softwoods structural lumber proposed by KS F 3020 and yellow poplar, penetration depth of adhesive and thickness of bonding line were analyzed based on the results of boiling water soaking delamination. 3 Types of adhesives and 2 types of major layer were divided into a 5 ply CLT using yellow popular as minor layer. The bonding performance of the mixed CLT as structural members was evaluated based on the KS F 2081. The thickness of bonding line between layers of the mixed CLT was measured with a scanning electron microscope, and the adhesive penetration depth in the layer members was measured with an optical microscope. As a result of boiling water soaking delamination test of mixed CLT, the CLT specimens using PRF and PUR adhesives met the requirements of KS F 2081. It was verified that the penetration path of the adhesive in the layes was mainly through the tracheid cell in the case of Japanese larch and Korean red pine layers, and through the vessel and radial tissue in yellow popular layers. The penetration depth of the adhesive was the highest for the PRF adhesive under the same pressing time conditions, and the thickness of the bonding line was in inverse proportion to the penetration depth in the case of the PUR adhesive.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.373-375
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• 1974

This is to determine the possibility of penetration of evaporated mercury to periodontal tissue after amalgam filling. Class 5 cavities on upper canine, total 40 teeth from 10 dogs, were prepared and amalgam alloy which contain about 10 Ci of radioactive mercury were inserted. The animals were sacrificed after the experiment. The teeth were routinely decalcified, sectioned, autoradiographed by means of emulsion and stained by H & E. 1. Blackened grains were found along collagen fiber space underneath gingival sulcus floor. 2. Mercury particle deposited more at cervical portion of periodontium than apical portion. 3. Blackened grains were found along the Sharpey's fiber. Crest bone side was more evident than cement side. 4. Mercury penetration to periodontium of non-experimented tooth showed almost same findings as experimented one.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.915-921
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 피부 보습 및 진정효능을 갖는 비타민 B5인 Pantothenic acid (PA)의 피부 투과율을 개선시키기 위해 고형지질나노입자(SLN)를 설계하였다. SLN은 지질과 유화제의 종류를 변화하여 여러 조성으로 제조하였고, PA는 이중 에멀젼 가온 용융유화법으로 SLN 내에 봉입하였다. 제조 된 PA 봉입 SLN은 입자의 물리화학적 특성인 입자크기, 다분산 지수, 제타전위, 봉입율을 평가하였다. 피부 투과시험의 경우 인체 유래 인조 피부 조직을 사용하였다. 제조 된 PA 봉입 SLN의 입자크기는 192.15 - 369.87 nm이었고, 제타전위는 -21.39 - -40.55 mV이었다. SLN 내 PA의 평균 봉입효율은 44.36 - 57.16%이었고, 평균 봉입율은 12.60 - 16.36%이었다. PA 봉입 SLN의 피부 투과 결과는 SLN을 적용한 제형이 적용하지 않은 PA 용액 보다 약 3.8 - 8.8 배 PA의 피부 투과율이 개선되었다. 본 연구에서 제조 된 SLN은 PA의 피부 투과율을 개선하였음을 보여주었다. 특히, glyceryl behenate와 Span 60을 사용한 SLN이 PA의 피부 투과율이 가장 높은 결과를 보여 주었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.466-476
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• 2006

Purpose : Colonization of denture soft lining materials by Candida albicans can result in clinical problem, and deterioration of the materials. This study aimed to compare the retention and penetration of C. albicans into four denture soft lining materials commonly used. Materials and methods : Four denture soft lining materials (Coe-comfort$^{(R)}$, Coe-soft$^{(R)}$, GC soft liner$^{(R)}$, and Tissue conditioner$^{(R)}$) discs were prepared to glass slide and dental stone. Adherence of yeast to surfaces was monitored after one hour incubation of standardized washed cell suspension with test disc surfaces. Adherent cells stained with acridine orange were counted fluorescence microscopy. Penetration of yeast into materials bonded with acrylic resin after 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6 and 7 days incubation was observed through sections stained using acridine orange and estimated to quantitative analysis using radioisotope. Results : There was statistical significance in cell numbers between smooth and rough surfaces(p<0.05). Higher numbers of cells were observed on rough surfaces. There was statistical significance in adherent cell numbers into smooth and rough surfaces individually(p<0.05). According to the increase of incubation periods, the cells penetrated into denture soft lining materials were shown to increase. The differences among all kinds of soft liner were statistically significant(p<0.05),and the largest number of cells penetrated into soft liners was observed in the Coe-soft$^{(R)}$. Conclusion : Initial adherence and penetration of yeast into denture soft lining materials has been influenced by surface roughness and chemical composition of them. The selection of appropriate materials and their fabrication may promote clinical performance.