• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1619-1624
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• 2012

RFID 시스템에서 다수의 태그가 동시에 자신의 ID를 리더기에 전송하게 되면 충돌로 인해 리더기의 태그 인식시간이 지연 된다. 따라서 리더기의 태그 인식시간을 줄이기 위한 효율적인 충돌방지 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 QT(Query Tree) 방식을 기반으로 DFSA(Dynamic Framed Slotted Aloha) 방식을 추가한 hybrid 충돌 회피 방법에 대해서 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 방법과 성능을 비교한다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

This paper presents a lateral collision risk index between an ego vehicle and a rear-side vehicle. The lateral collision risk is designed to represent a lateral collision risk and provide the appropriate threshold value of activation of the lateral collision management system such as the Blind Spot Detection(BSD). The lateral collision risk index is designed using the Time to Line Crossing(TLC) and the longitudinal collision index at the predicted TLC. TLC and the longitudinal collision index are calculated with the signals from the exterior sensor such as the radar equipped on the rear-side of a vehicle and a vision sensor which detects the distance and time to the lane departure. For the robust situation assessment, the perception of driving environment determining whether the road is straighten or curved should be determined. The relative motion estimation method has been proposed with the road information via the integrated estimator using the environment sensors and vehicle sensor. A lateral collision risk index was composed with the estimated relative motion considering the relative yaw angle. The performance of the proposed lateral collision risk index is investigated via computer simulations conducted using the vehicle dynamics software CARSIM and Matlab/Simulink.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2008

RFID 시스템이 그 규모가 커짐에 따라 리더 충돌에 따른 인식률 저하 문제가 대두되고 있다. 시분할 기법을 사용하면 충돌문제를 해결할 수 있지만, 전체 인식시간은 늘어가게 된다. 이 문제는 RFID를 이용한 실시간 재고관리를 위해 해결해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 ARCM(Anti Reader Collision Manager)을 RFID 시스템에 두어 전체 인식시간을 개선하였다. ARCM은 효율적인 주파수 채널 사용으로 짧은 인식시간을 가지며 리더가 간섭을 회피해 태그를 인식할 수 있도록 RFID 시스템을 관리한다. ARCM을 사용한 결과, 기존의 시스템보다 최대 20%정도의 시간을 절약할 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 Slotted ALOHA, Dynamic Slotted ALOHA, Binary Tree, Query Tree를 분석하고 태그 인식 시간을 단축함으로써 모바일 RFID 환경에서 태그의 인식률을 높인다. 또한 인식시간의 단축을 통해 태그의 반송파 전력을 절약함으로써 보다 안정된 태그의 정보 전송이 가능하도록 한다. 이는 결과적으로 모바일 장치의 배터리 사용시간을 늘려서 서비스 접근도를 향상시킨다. 우리는 논문에서 제안한 에너지 효율적인 모바일 RFID용 태그충돌방지 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 제안 기법은 실험결과에서 태그 인식률, 충돌횟수 그리고 배터리 사용량에 있어서 향상된 결과를 나타내고 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1517-1530
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• 2017

기존의 충돌 방지 알고리즘들은 현 프레임내의 충돌 정보를 토대로 다음 프레임내의 슬롯 수를 결정하기 때문에 충돌 정보가 전혀 없는 초기 프레임의 슬롯 수는 결정할 수가 없다. 따라서 이들 알고리즘들은 초기 슬롯 수를 임의의 상수로 설정해 사용하고 있는데 알고리즘의 효율이 초기 슬롯 수에 민감하다는 연구결과를 감안하면 이는 개선 할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 효율적인 초기 프레임 슬롯 수 결정을 위한 두 가지 방법을 제안하였는데 이를 통해 Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha Algorithm의 성능 개선을 시도하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 2.4 GHz RFID 시스템을 사용하였으며 성능 측도로 사용한 Throughput과 Delay Time을 유도하기 위해 시뮬레이션 모형을 Java로 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 통해 Throughput은 9.6%, Delay Time은 9.8% 개선됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1988

For traffic proceeding in random directions on a plane surface the frequency of collision, if no avoiding action in taken ,is approximately proportional to the square of the traffic density and directly proportional to the size and speed of the ship, Avoiding is normally taken and the rte of collisions is therefore also governed by additional factors such as the visibility, the effectiveness of the collisionavoidance rules, the competence of personnel or watchkeeping attitude, the maneuverability of the ship and the efficiency of radar and other equipments. From the viewpoint of watchkeeper who is responsible for maneuvering, watchkeeping attitude such as lookout and action to avoid collision is the most controllable factor among those mentioned above. In practice, according to the investigation of the institution of marine courts, about 50% co collisions occurred is caused by disorbedience to steering and sailing rules of international regulations for preventing collision at sea including lookout. So we classify the process of collisions with first sight of another ship , assessment of risk of collisions and action to avoid collisions and make a factural survey about lookout and action to avoid collisions from the point on "time" and " distance", namely relationship among ship's size, speed, first sight time of another ship, action to avoid collisions ,and distance from sight of another ship to collision occurred. According to the results of the actual survey , we come to conclude that most of collisions occurred are due to improper lookout and ineffective action to avoid collision which means time lag from first sight of another ship to time of action taken to avoid collision is relatively long. is relatively long.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2005

In this paper, the critical requirement for obstacle awareness and avoidance is assessed with the compliance of the equivalent level of safety regulation, and then the collision avoidance sensor system is presented with the key design parameters for the requirement of the smart unmanned aerial vehicle in low-altitude flight. Based on the assessment of various sensors, small-sized radar sensor is selected for the suitable candidate due to the real-time range and range-rate acquisition capability of the stationary and moving aircraft even under all-weather environments. Through the performance analysis for the system requirement, the conceptual design result of radar sensor model is proposed with the range detection probability and collision avoidance mode is established based on the time-to-collision, which is analyzed by collision scenario.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.133.3-133
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• 2001

This paper analyses the real-time performance of Ethernet based intranet whether it is applicable to the real-time network. Unpredictability of transmission delay by collision-delay-retransmission mechanism in CAMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect) of Ethernet is the major reason making hard to apply to real-time system. Both retransmission mechanism of TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) for reliability and sliding windows algorithm for high utilization make hard to predict transmission delay. Because real-time control network require fast responsibility and bustle of short-periodic messages, global-clock for collision avoidance and UDP(User Datagram Protocol) for high utilization of network are used. The mathematical models for time-delay that can be occured between ...

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile phone text messaging on the collision avoidance strategy for an approaching and stationary pedestrian. Method: Eighteen healthy young adults participated in this study. Each participant was asked to perform a task to walking with/without mobile phone text messaging and a task to avoid collisions with another pedestrian who was approaching or stationary during walking. Results: When text messaging with avoidance collision, it showed an early onset time, a larger mediolateral COM trajectory, trunk rotation angle and trunk rotation velocity (p<.05). Also, compared to an approaching pedestrian, when avoiding collision with a stationary pedestrian, it showed a later onset time, a lager avoidance displacement, mediolateral COM trajectory, trunk rotation angle (p<.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that mobile phone text messaging while collision avoidance leads to delay the perception stage and alters the adaptation stage. Consequently, pedestrian executed in an exaggerated avoidance action to create a greater safety margin when attending to mobile phone test messages while avoiding another pedestrian.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.49-52
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• 2003

IEEE 802.11 MAC uses a distributed coordination function (DCF) known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for medium access. Random back-off algorithm helps to avoid the collision. This paper proposes virtual back-off and modified back-off algorithm for reduce a waiting time by back-off and reduce the collision. The modified DCF is consisted of these two algorithms. We expect to reduce the average waiting time of each transmission by using the modified DCF algorithm.