• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.521-530
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• 2005

In this paper, a new high resolution reflectometry scheme, time-frequency domain reflectometry(TFDR), isproposed to detect and estimate a fault in a transmission line. Traditional reflectometry methodologies have been achieved either in the time domain or in the frequency domain only. However, the TFDR can jump over the performance limits of the traditional reflectometry methodologies because the acquired signal is analyzed in time and frequency domain simultaneously. In the TFDR, the new reference signal and the novel TFDR algorithm are proposed for analyzing the acquired signal in the time-frequency domain. Because the reference signal of Gaussian envelop chirp signal is localized in the time and frequency domain simultaneously, it is suitable to the analysis in the time-frequency domain. In the proposed TFDR algorithm, the time-frequency distribution function and the normalized time-frequency cross correlation function are used to detect and estimate a fault in a transmission line. That algorithm is verified for real-world coaxial cables which are typical transmission line with different types of faults by the TFDR system composed of real instruments. The performance of the TFDR methodology is compared with that o( the commercial time domain reflectomeoy(TDR) experiments, so that concludes the TFDR methodology can detect and estimate the fault with smaller error than TDR methodology.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 2003

In this paper, a new high resolution reflectometry scheme, time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR), is proposed to detect and locate fault in wiring. Traditional reflectometry methods have been achieved in either the time domain or frequency domain only. However, time-frequency domain reflectometry utilizes time and frequency information of a transient signal to detect and locate the fault. The time-frequency domain reflectometry approach described in this paper is characterized by time-frequency reference signal design and post-processing of the reference and reflected signals to detect and locate the fault. Design of the reference signal in time-frequency domain reflectometry is based on the determination of the frequency bandwidth of the physical properties of cable under test. The detection and estimation of the fault on the time-frequency domain reflectometry relies on the time-frequency domain reflectometry is compared with commercial time domain reflectomtery (TDR) instrument. In these experiments provided in this paper, TFDR locates the fault with smaller error than TDR. Knowledge of time and frequency localized information for the reference and reflected signal gained via time-frequency analysis, allows one to detect the fault and estimate the location accurately.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.91-94
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• 2003

In this paper, we achieve implementation of a Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry(TFDR) system through comparatively low performance(100MS/s) PCI extensions for Instrumentation(PXI). The TFDR is the general methodology of Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) and Frequency Domain Reflectometry(FDR). This methodology is robust in Gaussian noises, because the fixed frequency bandwidth is used. Moreover, the methodology can get more information of the fault by using the normalized time-frequency cross correlation function. The Arbitrary Waveform Generator(AWG) module generates the input signal, and the digital oscilloscope module acquires the input and reflected signals, while PXI controller module performs the control of the total PXI modules and execution of the main algorithm. The maximum range of measurement and the blind spot are calculated according ta variations of time duration and frequency bandwidth. On the basis of above calculations, the algorithm and the design of input signals used in the TFDR system are verified by real experiments. The correlation function is added to the TDR methodology for reduction of the blind spot in the TFDR system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.336-338
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• 2006

One of the important topics concerning the safety of electrical and electronic system is the reliability of the wiring system. The Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry(TFDR) is a state-of-the-art system for detection and estimation of the fault on a wiring/cable. The purpose of this paper is to implement a Labview based TFDR Real Time system though the instruments of PCI extensions for Instrumentation(PXI). The TFDR Real Time system consists of the five parts: Reference signal design, signal generation, signal acquisition, algorithm execution, results diplay part. In the signal generation and acquisition parts we adopt the Arbitrary Waveform Generator(AWG) and Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO) PXI modules which offer commonality, compatibility and easy integration at low cost. And execution of the PXI modules not only is controlled by the Labview programing but also the total system process is executed by the Labview application software.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1079-1088
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a high-resolution time-frequency domain reflectometry technique as a methodology of detection and estimation of faults on a wire. This method adopts the time-frequency cross correlation characteristics of the observed signal in both time and frequency domains simultaneously. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified with experiments using a RG type coaxial cable and comparing it with traditional time domain as well as frequency domain reflectometry methods. It is clearly shown here that the proposed algorithm produces excellent results compared to the conventional methods for single as well as multiple fault cables.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.12
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• pp.1683-1689
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an image processing based time-frequency domain reflectometry(TFDR) in order to estimate the fault location of a cable. The Wigner-Ville distribution is used for analysis in both the time domain and the frequency domain when the conventional TFDR estimates the fault location in a cable. However, the Winger-Ville distribution is a bi-linear function, and hence the cross-term is occurred. The conventional TFDR cannot estimate the accurate fault location due to the cross-term in case the fault location is close to the position where the reference signal is applied to the cable. The proposed method can reduce the cross-term effectively using binarization and morphological image processing, and can estimate the fault location more accurately using the template matching based cross correlation compared to the conventional TFDR. To prove the performance of the proposed method, the actual experiments are carried out in some cases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.84-92
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• 2020

This paper describes the estimation method of cable fault location in rocket motors using M-sequence (Maximal Length Sequence). In order to estimate the location of a cable fault, three methods have been usually used: TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry), and TFDR (Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry). However, these methods suffer the disadvantage of requiring users to be close to a test field, which is dangerous. The estimation method of cable fault location using M-sequence is proposed to solve this problem. The proposed method can make use of DAS (Data Acquisition System). The experiments were three cases: damaged, open, and short. The RG-58 coaxial cable was used in the experiments. As a result, the proposed method has better performance than that of conventional methods such as TDR and TFDR.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.534-539
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• 2007

In this paper, we present the development of an intelligent diagnosis system for detecting faults of the low voltage wires. The wire detecting system based on the Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry (TFDR) algorithm shows the condition of the wires. We analyze the reflected signal which is sent from the wire detecting system and classify the fault type of the wires by using the intelligent diagnosis system. Through the TFDR, generally, the conditions of the wires are classified into the three types - damage, open and short. In order to classify the fault type efficiently, we use the fuzzy classifier which is represented as IF-THEN rules. Finally, we show the utility of the proposed algorithm by performing the simulation which is based on the data of the coaxial cable.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2149-2151
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• 2004

The time-frequency domain reflectometry(TFDR) is well known to detect and locate a fault in a coaxial cable[3]. Traditional reflectometry methods have been achieved in either the time domain or frequency domain only. However, the time-frequency domain reflectometry utilizes time and frequency information of a reflected signal passed through a cable to detect and locate the fault. The purpose of this paper is to find appropriate time-frequency distribution function suitable for a TFDR system. Choosing the appropriate time-frequency distribution function implies one can detect the fault and estimate the location accurately. We consider and compare adequate time-frequency distribution function on the basis of experimental results.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.12
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• pp.2333-2338
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• 2011

In this paper, we develope a wavelet transform based time-frequency domain reflectometry (WTFDR) for the fault localization of underground power cable. The conventional TFDR (CTFDR) is more accurate than other reflectometries to localize the cable fault. However, the CTFDR has some weak points such as long computation time and hard implementation because of the nonlinearity of the Wigner-Ville distribution used in the CTFDR. To solve the problem, we use the complex wavelet transform (CWT) because the CWT has the linearity and the reference signal in the TFDR has a complex form. To confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, the actual experiments are carried out for various fault types of the underground power cable.