• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2008

최근 내분비장애 추정물질의 분류를 위해 많은 시험법이 연구되고 있으며 미국 EPA와 OECD에서는 시험법을 설정하려고 노력하고 있다. 추후 기등록농약에 대한 자료요구 또는 신규 등록농약 적용 등록기준의 추가 등을 고려하여 내분비계장애 추정물질 관련 OECD와 EPA에서 권장하는 시험법을 확립하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험약제를 30일간 경구 투여하여 조사한 결과, metribuzin 투여 수컷에서 부고환, 전립선, 정낭의 중량이 증가하였고 갑상선에서는 유의한 중량변화가 나타나지 않았다. 암컷에서는 갑상선의 중량 감소가 나타난 반면에 생식장기 중량에는 유의적인 변화가 없었다. Metribuzin 투여수컷에서 testosterone이 100 mg/kg/day 처리수준에서 감소하였고 FT4가 50, 100 mg/kg 수준에서 증가하였다. 암컷에서는 T3가 50, 100 mg/kg/day 수준에서 증가하여 갑상선 호르몬에 영향이 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 시험세포를 이용한 시험결과, 시험약제를 1 nM에서 1,000 nM까지 처리하였을 때 음성대조군과 비교할 때 metribuzin은 106-122%의 영향을 나타내어 세포이용시험에서는 metribuzin이 갑상선 호르몬성 영향을 보인 것으로 나타났다. 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향 시험에서는 시험약제 100 nM과 T4의 혼합 처리시 metribuzin은 양성 대조군과 비교하여 감소하여 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향을 나타내었다. 본 시험을 통하여 OECD TG 407과 EDSTAC에서 권고하는 pubertal assay와 수의과학 검역원에서 제조한 HeLaTRE cell을 이용한 in vitro 시험이 갑상선 호르몬성 영향 검색 시험으로 활용될 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2008

내분비장애 추정물질의 분류를 위해 많은 시험법이 연구되고 있는데 추후 내분비장애 추정물질로 분류된 기등록 농약에 대한 자료요구 또는 신규 등록농약에 대한 등록기준의 추가 등을 고려하여 OECD와 EPA에서 권장하는 시험법을 확립하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험약제를 30일간 경구 투여하여 조사한 결과, alachlor 투여 수컷에서 25 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day에서 고환과 갑성선의 중량이 증가하였다. Alachlor 투여 암컷에서는 질의 중량이 25, 50 mg/kg/day에서 감소하였고 25 mg/kg/day에서 갑상선의 중량이 감소하였다. Alachlor 투여 암컷 25, 50 mg/kg/day에서 주요 갑상선 호르몬인 T4와 성호르몬 testosterone이 감소하였다. 따라서 pubertal assay 결과 alachlor는 갑상선 호르몬성 영향이 의심되었다. 시험세포를 이용한 시험 결과, 시험약제를 1 nM에서 1000 nM까지 처리하였을 때 음성대조군과 비교하여 alachlor는 100-134%의 갑상선 호르몬성 영향을 나타내었다. 따라서 세포를 이용한 시험에서는 alachlor에 의한 갑상선 호르몬성 영향이 나타나는 것으로 판단되었다. 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향 시험에서는 시험약제 100 nM과 T4의 혼합 처리시 alachlor는 항갑상선 호르몬성 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1983

It has been well documented that animals exposed to cold show increased activity of thyroid gland. The calorigenic action of thyroid hormone has been demonstrated by a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies. According to Edelman et al., the thyroid thermogenesis is due to activation of energy consuming processes, especially the active sodium transport by the hormone in target tissues. If so, the increase in thyroid activity during cold exposure should induce increased capacity of sodium transport in target tissue and the change in tissue metabolism should be precisely correlated with the change in Na+_K+_ATPase activity of the tissue. This possibility was tested in the present study: in one series, changes in oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_-ATPase activity of liver preparations were measured in rats as a function of thyroid status, in order to establish the effect of thyroid hormone on the tissue respiration and enzyme system in another series, the effect of cold stimulus on the serum thyroid hormone level, hepatic tissue oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_ATPase activity in rats. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The Na+_dependent oxygen consumption of liver slices, the oxygen consumption of liver mitochondria and the Na+_K+_ATPase activity of liver preparations were significantly inhibited in hypothyroidism and activated in hyperthyroidism. Kinetic analysis indicated that the Vmax. of Na+_K+_ATPase was decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperth)'roidism. 2. In cold exposed rats, the serum triiodothyronine (T₃) level increased rapidly during the initial one day of cold exposure, then declined slowly to the control level after two weeks. The serum thyroxine (T₄) level decreased gradually throughout the cold exposure. Accordingly the T₃/T₄ratio increased. The mitochondrial oxygen consumption and the Na+_dependent oxygen consumption of liver slices increased during the first two days and then remained unchanged thereafter The activity of the Na+_K+_ATPase in liver preparations increased during cold exposure with a time course similar to that of oxygen consumption. Kinetic analysis indicated that the Vmax. of Na+_K+_ATPase increased. 3. Once the animal was adapted to cold, induction of hypothyroidism did not significantly alter the hepatic oxygen consumption and Na+_K+_ATPase activity. These results indicate that: 1) thyroid hormone increases capacities of mitochondrial respiration and active sodium transport in target tissues such as liver; 2) the increased T₃level during the initial period of cold exposure facilitates biosynthesis of Na+_K+_ATPase and mitochondrial enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation, leading to enhanced production and utilization of ATP, hence heat production.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2018

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis is characterized by impairment in one of the several stages of thyroid hormone synthesis and accounts for 10%-15% of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Seven genes are known to be associated with thyroid dyshormonogenesis: SLC5A5 (NIS), SCL26A4 (PDS), TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, and IYD (DHEAL1). Depending on the underlying mechanism, CH can be permanent or transient. Inheritance is usually autosomal recessive, but there are also cases of autosomal dominant inheritance. In this review, we describe the molecular basis, clinical presentation, and genetic diagnosis of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis, with an emphasis on the benefits of targeted exome sequencing as an updated diagnostic approach.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.86-87
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• 2004

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease. On the other hand, there is no treatment that can improve the thyroid function. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can improve the cellular activity. The effect of hypothyroidism is not obvious. This study examined the effects of LLLT on the thyroid gland function of a propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism mouse model. Materials and Methods Twenty-five male ICR mice were distributed into five groups of five animals each: Negative control (none PTU animal) and positive control (PTU animal) of unirradiated animals, and three experimental groups with LLLT (3J, 6J, and 12J). Each mouse was exposed to a distinct dose of a 632-nm laser once a week for three rounds. The positive control group and three LLLT groups were induced into a hypothyroidism state by PTU administration. The animals' thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine levels were measured using an ELISA kit, and their thyroid tissue was harvested and analyzed after sacrifice at the end of the experiment. The hormone level and morphological changes in the tissue of the five groups were compared. Results The thyroid hormone levels in the control group and LLLT groups were similar. On the other hand, the thyroid tissue of the LLLT groups showed some morphological changes that were similar to those of iodine deficiency thyroid. Conclusion LLLT did not affect the thyroid gland function in PTU-induced hypothyroidism mice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.52-55
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• 2020

Background: Immunomodulatory properties of interferon (IFN) have been documented. It may induce autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis with hypo- or hyperthyroidism. In addition, it may impair thyroid hormone synthesis through affecting iodide organification in thyroid gland. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe thyroid function tests disturbances in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) receiving pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG IFN-α) plus ribavirin. Methods: Fifty children with CHC virus infection who received combined pegylated interferon-alpha with ribavirin were selected. Other 50 apparently healthy children of matched age and sex (considered as control group) were selected. All children (100) were subject to liver function tests, virological studies, and follow-up of thyroid function test during and after the treatment course. Results: Our study showed that 28% of children received combined PEG IFN-α plus ribavirin showed subclinical hypothyroidism. After 24 weeks treatment with combined therapy of IFN plus ribavirin, the mean level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 3.23±88 mU/mL, while TSH was 1.16±0.77 mU/mL before starting treatment. On the other hand, mean TSH was 1.09±0.92 mU/mL in normal control group. Conclusion: This study revealed an association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and treatment with IFN-alpha and ribavirin in children. Further studies on larger number of patients and longer follow-up duration are recommended for further confirmation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2005

Objective : Thyroid diseases are one of the most common endocrine disorders. However, the first chosen-treatments including anti-thyroidal and hormone-supplement therapy in western medicines, sometimes have failed to improve abnormal thyroid hormone secretions and clinical symptoms. Therefore, there has been a growing expectation for Oriental Medicine to take the role of alternative therapy. However, there has been little analysis of clinical characteristics. In this study, clinical characteristics of thyroidal disease patients who visited Kyung-Hee oriental hospital from January to July 2004 were analyzed. Methods : A total 86 patients diagnosed as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or thyroid nodule were selected. Clinical history, including sex, age, symptoms, disease duration and methods of previous therapy and thyroidal test, such as thyroid function test (TFT), thyroid scan and other thyroid examinations. Results : In distribution of onset age and sex, the patients who have visited oriental hospital with thyroidal diseases showed similar characteristics with typical patients. In clinical symptom, the most frequent clinical sign was fatigue in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which differs from the classical characteristics of those diseases. Most patients complained the unresolved symptoms, some of which are attributable to abnormal thyroid hormone secretions, in spite of western therapy with anti-thyroidal and hormone supplement agents. Conclusions : In oriental therapy, it will be necessary to consider the unique clinical features of thyroidal diseases different from classical patterns, and this study suggests that oriental therapy is a good alternative method for patients whose first treatment with western agents failed. Furthermore, more public information to these patients about oriental medicine would be helpful to increase cure rates, and give various choices to patients with thyroid diseases.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 2008

This experiment was performed to study the effect of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in the rat thyrocytes FRTL-5 cells. Although the expressions of ER membrane kinases (ATF6, IRE1 and PERK) were specially enhanced under absence of TSH, no remarkable up- or down regulations of ER chaperones (BiP, CHOP and Calnexin) were detected by TSH. We firstly report here that TSH by dose up-regulated expression of ER membrane kinases in FRTL-5 culture thyrocytes.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2017

혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR과 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR을 측정하는 것은 신장기능을 평가하기 위하여 가장 널리 이용되는 방법이다. 갑상선호르몬은 혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR과 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 갑상선기능이상 환자에게서 신장기능평가에 대한 위의 두마커의 임상적 의미는 아직 명료하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 갑상선기능이상 환자에서 혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR과 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR에 대한 갑상선호르몬의 영향과 상관성에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 442명의 갑상선기능저하 환자와 284명의 갑상선기능항진 환자를 대상으로 갑상선호르몬과 혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR, 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR과의 상관관계 분석을 하였다. 상관관계 분석 결과는 갑상선기능이상 환자들에서 갑상선호르몬과 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR이 갑상선호르몬과 혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR보다 독립적으로 신장기능을 평가할수 있는 지표로 나타났다. 결론적으로 갑상선기능이상 환자에서 혈청 Cystatin C 기반 eGFR이 혈청 크레아티닌 기반 eGFR보다 정확하게 신장의 기능을 반영할 수 있는 지표인 것을 알 수 있다.