• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2023

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Ground reaction force (GRF) measures are one of the most commonly used in biomechanical study. GRF system is very useful educational tool to explain and demonstrate the Newton's law of universal gravitation and laws of motion as well. However, accuracy, intra- and inter- force platform measures' consistency, reliability, noise, and the effect of platform mounting to GRF measures were not clearly viewed. The aim of this study was to examine the above. GRFs of a plastic dummy and two subjects' quiet upright standing were collected at four university laboratories eight force platforms. The types of platforms, analysis programs, and platform set-up were various. Three 100s-trials were conducted with sampling frequency of 100 Hz. First two trials' vertical component of GRFs, Fz, and CoP sway ranges of mid-60s-portion of 100s trials were analyzed by the paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Six of eight platforms' 1st and 2nd trial dummy Fz were statistically different (p<.05) and all platforms ICC were poor (<.28). Fz of the two platforms in every four laboratories were statistically different (p<.05). There were white noises and/or very distinctive noises at specific frequency ranges in all Fz measures. 5 Hz low-pass filtering made clear the Fz differences. CoP ranges of dummy were less than 0.5 cm and the best was 0.02 cm. This CoP range finding agrees with previous results suggests the importance of force platform mounting and A/D card resolution.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2009

Exposed to various environments, concrete confronts degradation by a lot of physical and chemical reaction. Though so many experiments and theorizations on the single condition of concrete degradation have been carried out by constant studies, the truth for now is that there are few studies on the compound phenomenon of degradation related with marine environments. Accordingly, this study measured the degree of degradation in the change of external shape, the change of unit weight and compressive strength, ultrasonic velocity test, and the change of length, etc. after exposing the specimen of cement mortar to the environment between 0 cycle and the maximum of 300 cycles under the condition of aquatic curing, freezing and thawing, and compound degradation, using mineral admixture effective for concrete degradation as a binder. The result indicated that the case of adding mineral admixture showed greater resistance than that of using OPC only, and specifically, the specimen with the additive of slag powder and three component system showed very excellent resistance to freezing and thawing, and compound degradation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2187-2192
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• 2011

Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role as a second messenger in the normal cellular signaling but its overproduction has been implicated in various life-threatening diseases. Peroxalate chemiluminescence is the light emission from a three component reaction between peroxalate, hydrogen peroxide and fluorophores. It has proven great potential as a methodology to detect hydrogen peroxide in physiological environments because of its excellent sensitivity and specificity to hydrogen peroxide. We developed chemiluminescent micelles composed of amphiphilic polymers, peroxalate and fluorescent dyes to detect hydrogen peroxide at physiological concentrations. In this work, we studied the relationship between the chemiluminescence reactivity and stability of peroxalate by varying the substitutes on the aryl rings of peroxalate. Alkyl substitutes on the aryl ring of peroxalate increased the stability against water hydrolysis, but diminished the reactivity to hydrogen peroxide. Chemiluminescent micelles encapsulating diphenyl peroxalate showed significantly higher chemiluminescence intensity than the counterpart encapsulating dimethylphenyl or dipropylphenyl peroxalate. Diphenyl peroxalate-encapsulated micelles could detect hydrogen peroxide generated from macrophage cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and image hydrogen peroxide generated during LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2005

The psbC gene, encoding the intrinsic chlorophyll-binding protein of CP43, one of the PS core complex polypeptides, was cloned from the Panax ginseng chloroplast, which is composed of 1,422 nucleotides and the overall nucleotide sequence shows more than 84% identity to those of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. The predicted topology of CP43, based on hydropathy analysis, includes six membrane-spanning ${\alpha}-helices$ resulting in three lumenal and four stromal loops. The putative translation start codon for the psbC gene is located at 48 nucleotides upstream from the stop codon of the psbD gene whose product is also a component of the PSII reaction center, implying that the promoter of the psbC gene is possibly located in the middle of the structural gene of the psbD gene. Northern blot analysis of the in vivo accumulation of the psbC transcript from the plants grown under the various growth light intensities (5%, 10%, 20%, and 100%) of daylight indicated that the steady-state level of the psbC transcript was not significantly affected by light intensity.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2014

The early and accurate detection of plant viruses is an essential component to control those. Because the globalization of trade by free trade agreement (FTA) and the rapid climate change promote the country-to-country transfer of viruses and their hosts and vectors, diagnosis of viral diseases is getting more important. Because symptoms of viral diseases are not distinct with great variety and are confused with those of abiotic stresses, symptomatic diagnosis may not be appropriate. From the last three decades, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), developed based on serological principle, have been widely used. However, ELISAs to detect plant viruses decrease due to some limitations such as availability of antibody for target virus, cost to produce antibody, requirement of large volume of sample, and time to complete ELISAs. Many advanced techniques allow overcoming demerits of ELISAs. Since the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) developed as a technique to amplify target DNA, PCR evolved to many variants with greater sensitivity than ELISAs. Many systems of plant virus detection are reviewed here, which includes immunological-based detection system, PCR techniques, and hybridization-based methods such as microarray. Some of techniques have been used in practical, while some are still under developing to get the level of confidence for actual use.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1999

Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. The bacterium produces several virulence factors. Of the factors, protective antigen (PA) of tripatite toxin has been identified as a central component in the pathogenesis of anthrax. However, precise roles of PA and other cellular components in the reaction with the target cells remain to be elucidated, especially in the initial stage of the disease. Three B anthracis antigens were prepared for investigation; PA, sonicated cellular antigens (S-Ag) and formalin-inactivaed whole cell antigens (W-Ag). PA was purified from culture supernatant of the bacterium using FPLC system with MonoQ. S-Ag and W-Ag were prepared by sonication and formalin inactivation of the cultured cells, respectively. Purity of the antigens was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The roles of these antigens in the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, IL-6 and $TNF{\alpha}$ from mouse peritoneal macrophages were investigated. PA alone did not induce the production of the inflammatory mediators while the other antigens, S-Ag and W-Ag, did in a dose and time dependent manner. These results suggested that in addition to major virulence factors, other cellular antigens are also involved in the initial stage of the disease by the induction of inflammatory mediators.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.520-525
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• 2007

Thiourea/urea, 다양한 aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate의 세가지 요소를 가지고 마이크로파의 조 사하에서 무수조건의 활성화된 비산화재를 촉매로 사용하여 높은 수율의 6-aryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinan-3-thiones/ones를 얻었 다. 6-aryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinan-3-thiones/ones의 구조는 녹는점, MS, IR, 1H NMR, D2O 교환, 13C NMR, 이차원의 NMR 스펙트럼(HOMOCOR, HSQC)을 바탕으로 증명되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.497-500
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics which are slump, air content and time of set in fresh concrete and compressive strength of hardened concrete containing slag powder and fly-ash. Replacement rate of FA is fixed on 10$\%$ and replacement rate of slag powder are 0$\%$, 20$\%$ and 30$\%$. Also AE water-reducing agents(standard type, accelerating type) are used. The results were as follows. (1)Slump flow of concrete using AE water-reducing agents is similar. Flowability is incresed when replacement rate of slag powder is increased due to slag powder's ball bearing reaction.(2)Time of set of concrete using accelerating type agent is more faster than that of concrete using standard type agent because of ettringite generation that promote setting.(3)Early strength of three-component concrete using accelerating type agent is higher than that using standard type agent. Therefore cumulative pore is reduced due to ettringite

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.994-1000
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• 2014

Synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a] pyrimidines by a one-pot and three component reaction of ${\alpha}$-oxoketenedithioacetals, diamines and DMAD in water has been described. Different routes for accessing the desired compounds were examined and a few specially designed-substrates have been utilized further to afford the new imidazo and pyrido fused [1,8] naphthyridine tetracyclic compound by $S_NAr$ intramolecular cyclization.