• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2009

The mixotrophic growth with methanol plus thiosulfate was examined in nutrient-limited mixotrophic condition for Methylobacterium goesingense CBMB5 and Methylobacterium fujisawaense CBMB37. Thiosulfate oxidation increased the growth and protein yield in mixotrophic medium that contained 150mM methanol and 20mM sodium thiosulfate, at 144 h. Respirometric study revealed that thiosulfate was the most preferable reduced inorganic sulfur source, followed by sulfite and sulfur. M. goesingense CBMB5 and M. fujisawaense CBMB37 oxidized thiosulfate directly to sulfate, and intermediate products of thiosulfate oxidation such as polythionates, sulfite, and sulfur were not detected in spent medium and they did not yield positive amplification for tested soxB primers. Enzymes of thiosulfate oxidation such as rhodanese and sulfite oxidase activities were detected in cell-free extracts of M. goesingense CBMB5, and M. fujisawaense CBMB37, and thiosulfate oxidase (tetrathionate synthase) activity was not observed. It indicated that both the organisms use the "non-S4 intermediate" sulfur oxidation pathway for thiosulfate oxidation. It is concluded from this study that M. goesingense CBMB5, and M. fujisawaense CBMB37 exhibited mixotrophic metabolism in medium containing methanol plus thiosulfate and that thiosulfate oxidation and the presence of a "Paracoccus sulfur oxidation" (PSO) pathway in methylotrophic bacteria are species dependant.

• 미생물과산업
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.70-73
• /
• 1994

Effects of 13 organic compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, succinate, malate, glycine, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, citrate, formate and cis-aconitate on the oxidation of thiosulfate and the availability of these compounds as the substrate for the respiration by Thiobacillus ocncretivorus, which is known to be an obligated autotroph, were studied. Malate nad glycine at 0.5 per cent concentration nearly doubled the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation. Moreover, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, sulfate-salts medium, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, citrate, xylose, malate, flucose, glutamate and succinate. No respiration could occur when formate and pyruvate were supplied as the substrate for respiration. But it was obvious that flucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, malate, citrate and succinate could be used as the substrate for respiration to some extent, regarding the fact that some increase in respiration rates could be recorded compared to the result from the salts medium, where neither thiosulfate nor orgnic compounds were added. Thus, it was postulated that this organism could possibly be converted into mixotroph or hetrotroph if appropriate conditions could be prepared.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 1972

Effects of 13 organic compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, succinate, malate, glycine, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, citrate, formate and cis-aconitate on the oxidation of thiosulfate and the availability of these compounds as the substrate for the respiration by Thiobacillus ocncretivorus, which is known to be an obligated autotroph, were studied. Malate nad glycine at 0.5 per cent concentration nearly doubled the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation compared to the control. No other organic substances enhanced the thiosulfate oxidation. Moreover, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, sulfate-salts medium, some 30 to 40 per cent decrease was recorded by fructose, citrate, xylose, malate, flucose, glutamate and succinate. No respiration could occur when formate and pyruvate were supplied as the substrate for respiration. But it was obvious that flucose, fructose, xylose, glutamate, malate, citrate and succinate could be used as the substrate for respiration to some extent, regarding the fact that some increase in respiration rates could be recorded compared to the result from the salts medium, where neither thiosulfate nor orgnic compounds were added. Thus, it was postulated that this organism could possibly be converted into mixotroph or hetrotroph if appropriate conditions could be prepared.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.252-257
• /
• 1994

황화수소 산화세균인 Thiobacillus sp.를 전남 화순의 폐탄광수에서 분리하였다. 분리된 균주는 그람음성의 운동성이 있고, 포자를 형성하는 간균이었으며, 환원된 무기 황화합물을 산화하여 에너지원으로 사용하는 호기성 통성 화학합성 영양균이었다. 분리균주는 thiosulfate를 첨가한 기본배지에서 유기물을 동화하며 성장하였고, 에너지원으로 사용된 thiosulfate는 32mM 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 기질억제 인자로 작용하여 균의 성장을 억제하였다. 최적 thiosulfate 농도는 32mM이었다. DNA의 G+C 함량은 65.0mol%이고, 세포내 주요 지방산중 비순산화 지방산은 16:1+7$_{cyc}$, 16:0과 수산화 지방산은 3-OH 12:0을 가지며, $C_{18}$의 미동정 가지형의 지방산도 포함하고 있었다. Ubiquinone system은 Q-9을 가지고 있었다. 위와 같은 생리생화학적 특성 결과로부터, 본 분리균주는 Thiobacillus sp. iw.의 새로운 종으로 판단하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.716-721
• /
• 2005

The role of an effective microbial species is critical to the successful application of biological processes to remove sulfur compounds. A bacterial strain was isolated from the soil of a malodorous site and identified as Burkholderia spp. This isolate was able to oxidize thiosulfate to sulfate, with simultaneous pH decrease and accumulation of elemental sulfur. The specific growth rate and the sulfate oxidation rate using the thiosulfate basal medium were $0.003 h^{-1}\;and\;3.7 h^{-1}$, respectively. The isolated strain was mixotrophic, and supplementation of $0.2\%$ (w/v) of yeast extract to the thiosulfate-basal medium increased the specific growth rate by 50-fold. However, the rate of sulfate oxidation was more than ten times higher without yeast extract. The isolate grew best at pH 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the sulfate oxidation rate was the highest at 0.12 M sodium thiosulfate. In an upflow biofilter, the isolated strain was able to degrade $H_2S\;with\;88\%$ efficiency at 8 ppm and 121/h of incoming gas concentration and flow rate, respectively. The cell density at the bottom of the column reached $3.2{\times}10^8$ CFU/(g bead) at a gas flow rate of 121/h.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.466-473
• /
• 2001

분리 규주는 운동성을 갖는 그람 음성 간균으로서 catalase 양성 반응을 보였으며, citrate, mannitol, sucorse, frutose, trehaslos 등을 이용하였다. Biolog test 결과, 분리 균주는 burkholderia(Pseudomonas) cepacia 이 것으로 동정되었으며, 85.5%의 유사성을 나타내었다. 분리 균주의 최적온도와 pH는 각각 3$0^{\circ}C$, 7.0이었으며, pH 4.0-8.0의 넓은 범위에서 성장이 가능하였다. 그리고 분리 균주의 유기물의 영향을 알아 본 결과 thiosulfate 배지에 yeast extract를 유일한 탄소원으로 혼합하여 첨가하면 thiosulfate 와 yeast extract 중 하나가 성장 제한 인자 중 하나의 농도를 증가시키면 세포 성장에 따른 균체량이 증가하였다. 본 실험에서는 유기물로는 glucose 보다 yeast extract를 첨가했을 때가 증식 속도와 황산화 속도가 높게 나타났다. Thiosulfate 농도에 따른 분리균주의 황산화 속도와 최대 황산화 속도는 각각 0.56.h$^{-1}$과 0.18 g-S/L.h로 나타났다. 결과는 환산화 속도는 기질 농도가 증가함에 따라 완만하게 증가하여 0.12M에서 0.2 g-S.L.에 도달하였으나 0.16M에서는 급격하게 감소하였다. 분리균의 황하 수소 제거능을 조사하기 위하여 각 flow rate 에 따른 최대 제거 속도는 Vm과 K CIn/R과 CIn의 그래프를 이용하여 Hanes-Wolf 식을 통하여 구했다. 즉, 그래프 기울기와 Y절편으로부터 계산한 flow rate 12 L/h에서의 황화 수소에 대한 Vm과 Ks는 각각 6.25 g-S.㎤.h$^{-1}$과 22.88ppm이다 높은 flow rate에서의 제거 효율과 제거 용량은 역 경향이 나타났다. 이것은 mass transfer 효과 즉, 확산 제한에 기인한 것이지 미생물의 효소 활성의 제한에 의한 것은 아니다 (19), 따라서 biofilter 내로 고농도의 황화 수소가 유입 될 때 황화 수소 가스의 flow rate를 줄이든지 또는 적절한 제거 용량에 도달하기 위해 충진물의 부피를 증가 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2008

식물에 필수영양소인 황은 대부분 sulfate의 형태로 식물이 흡수하며, thiosulfate 형태로는 영양소로서 흡수하지 못한다. 황산화세균은 이러한 thiosulfate를 산화시켜 sulfate로 만들어 준다. 국내 토양에서 황산화세균의 분포를 조사하기 위하여 경제적으로 중요성을 갖는 19가지 작물의 근권에서 토양을 채취하였다. 항산화세균은 조사한 모든 작물의 근권에서 존재하였으며, 황산화능이 우수한 32가지의 황산화세균을 분리하였다. 또한 분리 균주의 생화학적 특징을 검토한 결과 32종 중 56%가 필수 화학합성자가영양생물이었으며, 44%가 기생 종속영양생물이었다. 분리 균주 ATSR15P는 배양과정에서 19.2 mM의 thiosulfate를 사용하였고, 11.7 mM의 sulfate를 축적하였다. 또한 ATSR15P 배양 과정 중 배지의 pH가 6.5에서 3.1로 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 황산화세균에 의 한 황의 산화가 국내 작물의 근권에서 포괄적으로 나타나는 현상이라는 것을 증명하고 있다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.443-447
• /
• 2003

황 화합물 악취를 제거하기 위하여 분뇨처리장에서 황 산화 세균을 분리하여 최적성장 조건을 조사하였다. 분뇨처리장에서 1차로 분리한 균주의 생리$.$생화학적 특성 등을 비교한 결과 Thiobacillus novellus SRM으로 명명하였고, 최적 pH와 배양온도는 pH 7.0과 3$0^{\circ}C$이며, 균주의 공기 주입량은 1.0vvm이었다. 균주농도에 따른 균의 비증식 속도를 직선화한 결과 미생물의 최대 비 증식속도는 0.032$hr^{-l}$ , V$_{max}$ 는 1.83h$^{-l}$ 이 되고, $K_{m}$ 은 0.42였다. Thiobacillus 종의 증식속도는 비교적 느리나, 본 연구에서 사용한 Thiobacillus novellus SRM은 증식속도가 빨라 기상의 황 화합물 악취 제거에 이용할 수 있는 유용한 균주로 판단되어진다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.34-42
• /
• 1997

A laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the treatment of photographic processing wastewater by chemical oxidation and biological treatment system. The effect of reaction conditions such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, ferrous sulfate dosage and pH on the COD removal in Fenton oxidation were investigated. The optimal dosage of hydrogen peroxide was 2.58 M and 3.87 M for the developing and fixing process wastewater, respectively. The Fenton oxidation was most efficient in the pH range of 3-5 and the optimal condition for initial reaction pH was 5 for a developing process wastewater. With iron powder catalyst, the COD for a developing process wastewater was removed in lower pH than with ferrous sulfate catalyst. The removal efficiency of COD for refractory compounds such as Diethyleneglycol, Benzylalcohol, Hydroxylamine Sulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, Ammonium Ferric EDTA and Disodium EDTA in the photogaphic wastewater was found than 90% except Potassium Carbonate. When the photographic processing wastewater after pretreatment by Fenton oxidation was treated with batch activated sludge process, the addition of $KH_2PO_4$ as a phosphorous compound improved the removal efficiency of COD. During the continuous biological treatment of developing and fixing process wastewater after pretreatment by Fenton oxidation, the effluent COD concentration less than 100 mg/l was obtained at 0.425 and 0.25 kgCOD/m$^3$.d, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
• /
• pp.462-462
• /
• 2003