• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2013

STEAM교육은 궁극적으로 융합적 사고와 문제 해결능력을 크게 신장 시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 초등학교 6학년생들이 스크래치 프로그래밍을 활용해 각 교과 내용을 STEAM학습 할 수 있도록 스크래치 소양교육과 교과적용 STEAM모형을 개발하였으며, 6학년 학생들에게 방과 후 수업 및 정규 수업시간에 적용하고 분석하였다. 결과로서, 모형적용 대상인 6학년생의 약 70%가 스크래치 프로그램을 교과에 적용하여 자기 주도적으로 STEAM학습을 할 수 있었으며, 나머지 30%의 학생들도 스크래치로 일부 STEAM학습을 할 수 있었다. TEAM학습의 성취도 평가에서도 10점 만점에 전체 평균 7.83점을 얻어 평가대상 대부분의 학생들이 만족할 만한 성취수준을 얻은 것으로 평가 되었다. 따라서, 스크래치를 활용한 STEAM학습 모형이 C, BASIC 등의 기존 프로그래밍 언어를 활용하는 것 보다 매우 우수한 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2018

2015 교육과정에는 SW교육의 문제해결과정, 알고리즘 및 프로그래밍 교육을 포함하고 있는데, 컴퓨터에 능숙하지 않거나 흥미가 없는 학생을 대상으로 직접 만지고 체험함으로써 보다 효과적으로 역량을 강화할 수 있도록 로봇활용교육도 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 로봇활용교육에서 로봇을 제작하는 시간제한을 극복하면서도 창의적 활동을 할 수 있는 내러티브 종이아트 활동을 기반으로 하는 로봇활용 SW교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 초등학교 3학년을 대상으로 창의적 문제해결력에 대해 사전-사후 검사를 실시한 결과, 창의적 문제해결의 하위 요소 4가지는 모두 유의미한 상승을 보여주었다. 또한 로봇에 대한 이해력과 학습태도도 유의미한 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of learning that has applied instruction module utilizing ICT in project-based learning in elementary science classroom on improvement of the self-directed learning skills and the problem-solving skills. For this purpose, the project based learning instruction module utilizing ICT based was developed and conducted to 2 class consisting of 66 elementary students in the 6th grade to clarify the effects. As a result of the study, first, the instruction module utilizing ICT in project-based learning was effective in improving self-directed learning skills of students. As the subordinate effects of self-directed learning skills it showed improved effects in diagnosing desire to learn, setting goals, basic self-managing ability, selecting learning strategy, durability of practicing learning, making effort for result, and self-examination but it did not show improved effects in figuring out recognition of resources for Learning. Second, it was effective in improving the problem-solving skills of students. As the subordinate effects of problem-solving skills it showed improved effects in problem recognition, information gathering, analysis, thinking prior to dissemination, planning skill, and evaluation but it did not show effect on decision making, implementation & risk-taking and feedback.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this literature review is to investigate what kinds of research have been done about scientific inquiry in terms of scientific argumentation in the classroom context from the upper elementary to the high school levels. First, science educators argued that there had not been differentiation between authentic scientific inquiry by scientists and school scientific inquiry by students in the classroom. This uncertainty of goals or definition of scientific inquiry has led to the problem or limitation of implementing scientific inquiry in the classroom. It was also pointed out that students' learning science as inquiry has been done without opportunities of argumentation to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Second, what is scientific argumentation, then? Researchers stated that scientific inquiry in the classroom cannot be guaranteed only through hands-on experimentation. Students can understand how scientific knowledge is constructed through their reasoning skills using opportunities of argumentation based on their procedural skills using opportunities of experimentation. Third, many researchers emphasized the social practices of small or whole group work for enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills through argumentations. Different role of leadership in groups and existence of teachers' roles are found to have potential in enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand science as inquiry. Fourth, what is scientific reasoning? Scientific reasoning is defined as an ability to differentiate evidence or data from theory and coordinate them to construct their scientific knowledge based on their collection of data (Kuhn, 1989, 1992; Dunbar & Klahr, 1988, 1989; Reif & Larkin, 1991). Those researchers found that students skills in scientific reasoning are different from scientists. Fifth, for the purpose of enhancing students' scientific reasoning skills to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed, other researchers suggested that teachers' roles in scaffolding could help students develop those skills. Based on this literature review, it is important to find what kinds of generalizable teaching strategies teachers use for students scientific reasoning skills through scientific argumentation and investigate teachers' knowledge of scientific argumentation in the context of scientific inquiry. The relationship between teachers' knowledge and their teaching strategies and between teachers teaching strategies and students scientific reasoning skills can be found out if there is any.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.447-458
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• 2002

The primary purpose of this study is to provide a useful insight for developing effective teaching and student counseling methods by understanding the relationship between four preference patterns of MBTI personality types and EWHA defense mechanisms of nursing college students. Method: The data used in this research were collected administrating EWHA defense mechanism test and MBTI personality type instrument to 195 nursing students in the period of November 3 through September 16 in 2000. Collected data were analysed by pc-SPSS 10.0. Result: Three general conclusions were drawn from the study results: (1) in terms of personality type, 'Extraversion', 'Sensing', 'Thinking', and 'Judgement' types showed high frequency respectively; (2) in terms of defense mechanism, 'Identification' showed the highest score, and then 'suppression' scored next followed by 'Humor'. However, 'Acting out' showed the lowest average score, and then 'Projection' followed by 'Denial'; (3) Based on the relationship between defense mechanism and four MBTI preference patterns, it can be drawn that students with the preference of 'Extraversion' usually use defense mechanism of 'Altruism', 'Sublimation', 'Distortion', 'Controlling', and 'Humor'. In comparison, students with the preference of 'Introversion' often use the defence mechanism of 'Evasion' and 'Projection'. Conclusion: The study results can be utilized in both fields of education and counseling: (1) in the field of education, this study can provide a basis for developing a suitable teaching method for each personality types of nursing students; (2) for counseling practitioners, the results of this study provide the useful insights to understand nursing college students' communication skills, behavior patterns, and ability of coping with problems in the process of counseling.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2011

이 연구는 과학과 평가에 이용되는 행동 영역에 대한 과학 교사들의 인식을 조사하였다. 행동 영역은 학생들이 과학 지식을 어떻게 이해하고 과학적 탐구를 어떻게 수행하는지에 대한 정보를 알려준다. 연구 참여자는 서울 지역 중, 고등학교에서 5년 이상 근무한 7명의 과학 교사였고, 연구를 위해 국가수준 학업성취도 평가에서 기출된 27문항으로 구성된 구조화된 질문지와 심층 면담이 진행되었다. 질문지와 면담 내용은 동료 연구자와 함께 분석하고 논의하였다. 연구 결과, 과학교사들은 문항에 포함된 소재나 소재의 제시 방법에 근거해 행동 영역을 결정하는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 교사들이 문항 해결에 필요할 것이라고 예상한 정보와 사고 과정에 따라 행동 영역을 다르게 인식 하였으며 또한 행동 영역의 정의와 의미에 대한 이해정도가 달랐다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.347-367
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• 1998

It is difficult to make which customers want in restaurant industry because of IMF situation. Therefore, utilization of service marketing is needed by best effect through least investment in restaurant industry. The background of restaurant industry is not directly related to the improvement of tourism industry. We should give a hand to tourism and restaurant industry by holding international events. so the way of thinking among people is changing. And importing of famous foreign brand and opening shops are accellerating the improvement of tourism and restaurant industry. In this perspective, improvement factors of restaurant industry are as follows : the increase of pst time, the increase of disposable income, the increase of woman's having jobs and double income, requirement of people about health food, the increase of nuclear family, and the change of viewpoint among people. This restaurant industry is service industry, and it sells invisible service except the aspect of selling menu. In addition, in terms of menu, price reduction strategy should be done by cost reduction and restructuring. The ultimate purpose of marketing is to increase sales and to do this we should increase the number of customers in shops. That means we should create new customers and try to attract customers who used to be regular in the shops. Therefore, the demonstration of management ability and positive reaction is really needed. So the most important things in marketing are as follows: proper strategy for double consumption, increasing the number of customers through new specific menu, menu life cycle according to menu item, menu development by considering customer, making recipe, enhancement of product quality and cost reduction by customer's opinion. We should concentrate on national menu first, and try to develop menu for international market. It is absolutely needed that we set up the menu product strategy through menu marketing with various products and constant study related to menu marketing is to be done.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the application of the Problem-Based Learning(PBL) in nursing with regard to the learning process and learning outcomes. Method: PBL modules were provided to the students so that they could identify the nursing problems related to nutrition, regulation, and elimination, and implement appropriate nursing interventions according to the problems. PBL was also used to develop ability to use self-evaluation for nursing intervention outcomes. The modules were developed by the authors for the course, Nursing 1(3 credits) at Y university, and used during one semester, March to June 2003. Evaluation of the learning process and learning outcomes was done by self-report questionnaires and a semi-structured self -report developed by the authors. Result: The PBL evaluation included role of the facilitators, group work process, and self-directed learning attitude. The students evaluated the facilitator's role positively in fostering positive interactions and cooperative study among students and stimulating students to apply various problem-solving strategies. Students evaluated their own group work performances as a good opportunity to improve their group work participation, contribution, cooperation, and leadership through the PBL session. Their responsibility for their own learning and develop self-directed learning attitudes to connect present learning to long-term goals. Conclusion: Critical thinking, problem solving skills, self-directed learning and group work accomplishments in undergraduate student nurses were fostered and improved through the PBL program.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.600-603
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 Novel Engineering 교수학습단계를 기반으로 창의적 체험활동 시간에 이루어지는 SW 융합형 호국보훈 수업 방안에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 글짓기, 그림 그리기 등 천편일률적으로 이루어지는 호국보훈 수업에 새로운 교육 방법인 Novel Engineering을 적용한 SW 융합형 수업을 개발함으로써 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력을 바탕으로 하는 문제해결력 신장은 물론 나라 사랑 정신을 함양할 수 있다. 순국열사의 이야기를 담은 도서를 읽고, 책 속에 제시된 역사적 장면을 추체험활동(Re-enactment)을 통해 시나리오로 작성한 후 이를 Lego WeDo 2.0을 활용해 시뮬레이션 상황을 구현한다. 이러한 SW 융합형 호국보훈 수업을 통해 학생들의 변화도를 창의적 사고력 검사지와 설문지를 통해 분석한 결과 유의미한 변화가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 향후에는 보다 다양한 학년과 교과로 그 범위를 확대하여 Novel Engineering을 적용한 SW 융합형 수업의 효과성을 일반화할 수 있도록 해야겠다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.476-485
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• 2014

PBL은 문제를 활용하여 학습자 중심으로 학습을 진행하는 학습방식이다. 선박기관사는 선박이라는 고립된 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 모든 문제상황을 해결하여 선박의 안전운항을 지원하는 전문인이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 선박기관사 해기실습교육에 PBL을 활용한 선박기관사 해기실습교육에 대한 기초연구를 시행하였다. 실제 H대학교 해기실습교육을 이수하고 있는 학생 56명을 대상으로 6개월간 총5회의 PBL을 시행한 후 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문조사 결과 문제해결능력, 대인관계능력, 의사소통능력, 종합적 사고력, 자원정보활용능력 측면에서 PBL 방식이 효과가 있다고 하였으며, PBL에 대한 정보가 부족하고 주입식 교육방식에 익숙한 학생들은 일부 거부감을 표하기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 PBL을 활용한 해기실습교육에 대한 기초연구를 기반으로 향후 개선되어야 할 사항과 발전방안을 제시하고자 한다.