• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.184-187
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find the perceived risk which influences consumers' purchase attitudes so that consumers' participation in electronic commerce could be enhanced. Consumer behavior involves risk in the sense that any action of a consumer will produce consequences which one cannot anticipate, and some of which are at least likely to be unpleasant. The types of perceived risks are financial risk, performance risk, social risk, psychological risk, time loss, opportunity loss, privacy risk, fashion loss, delivery risk, seller's response risk and seller's fraud risk The findings are as follows: $\circled1$ The financial risk, performance risk, time loss, delivery risk, seller's response risk and seller's fraud risk have negative effects on the consumers' purchase attitudes. $\circled2$ There is no difference in the level of perceived risk according to the demographic factors such as age, education and income level.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.47-49
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• 2012

Massive binary stars lose mass by two mechanisms: jet-driven mass loss during periods of active mass transfer and by wind-driven mass loss. Beta Lyrae is an eclipsing, semi-detached binary whose state of active mass transfer provides a unique opportunity to study how the evolution of binary systems is affected by jet-driven mass loss. Roche lobe overflow from the primary star feeds the thick accretion disk which almost completely obscures the mass-gaining star. A hot spot predicted to be on the edge of the accretion disk may be the source of beta Lyrae's bipolar outflows. I present results from spectropolarimetric data taken with the University of Wisconsin's Half-Wave Spectropolarimeter and the Flower and Cook Observatory's photoelastic modulating polarimeter instrument which have implications for our current understanding of the system's disk geometry. Using broadband polarimetric analysis, I derive new information about the structure of the disk and the presence and location of a hot spot. These results place constraints on the geometrical distribution of material in beta Lyrae and can help quantify the amount of mass lost from massive interacting binary systems during phases of mass transfer and jet-driven mass loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2001

When workers get accidents in doing their works, industrial accident insurance covers the compensation for the accidents. Generally, this kind of costs is applied in terms of Direct Cost. In our society circumstance to terminate the accident, many kinds of cost (Non-Insurance Cost) are also discharged. Non-Insurance Cost resulted from additional compensation for insurance allowance, is the important basic data source to estimate Loss Cost. Several studies have been done for the output of accident cost, but companies have difficult to apply these studies into practice and generalize the amount of accident loss cost. This study means to suggest improving solutions for the output of Accident Loss Cost and to reduce Opportunity Cost caused by Industrial Accident.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.85-90
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• 2006

Increasing the filler content of sheet improves the optical properties and printability of paper and provides an opportunity for saving production cost through fiber replacement with relatively low-priced filler. But increasing the filler content tends to decrease the strength of paper and filler retention. It also tends to deteriorate drainage on the paper machine. To overcome these problems, preflocculation technology of fillers may be employed. Many research efforts have been made on the properties of preflocculated filler, namely prefloc, whose size and size distribution were influenced by polymer type and shear level. But there is much to be investigated about the effect of the prefloc characteristics on the physical properties of paper. To evaluate the effect cationic polymers on the size and size distribution of preflocculated GCC and their shear stability, cationic PAM and cationic starch were used. The influence of the preflocculation on filler retention and its surface distribution, and the changes of physical and optical properties of handsheets affected by the characteristics of preflocs were examined. Filler distribution on sheet surface was also analyzed by EPMA. Results showed that cationic PAM formed large preflocs at low dosage. Cationic starch was required to add 15 times as much as cationic PAM to obtain the preflocs with similar size. But preflocs formed with cationic starch was superior in shear stability to those formed with cationic PAM. Filler preflocculation technology could provide an opportunity of increasing filler content significantly without loss in tensile strength. And increased filler contents could compensate brightness loss which often accompanies filler preflocculation. When excessively large preflocs were used, however, brightness loss rather than the improvement in tensile strength was predominant. Therefore it is of great importance to produce preflocs with proper size and shear stability for maximizing the improvement of physical properties of papers.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.36
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

In this study characteristics of debris flow landslide were investigated on the focus of debris flow disaster occurred by heavy rainfall in 2013 at Goeun-ri around Kaeryoung Mt. in Chuncheon-si. Appropriate method for estimating scale of debris flow was investigated by comparing those values from soil loss by Universal Soil Loss Equation, debris flow yield rate obtained by field survey of investigating debris flow path from initiation and erosion to deposition and other methods. As results of this study, it might be an opportunity of contributing to construct the data base for determining the size of erosion control facilities in future.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61.3-61.3
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• 2018

To understand the assembly of the galaxy population in clusters today, it is important to first understand the impact of previous environments prior to cluster infall, namely preprocessing. We use 15 cluster samples from hydrodynamic zoom-in simulation YZiCS to determine the significance of preprocessing focusing primarily on the tidal mass loss of dark matter halos. We find ~48% of the cluster member halos were once satellites of another host. The preprocessed fraction is not a clear function of cluster mass. Instead, we find it is related to each individual cluster's recent mass growth history. We find that the total mass loss is a clear function of time spent in a host. However, two factors can considerably increase the mass loss rate. First, if the satellite mass is approaching the mass of its host. Second, when the halo suffers tidal mass loss at a higher redshift. The preprocessing provides an opportunity for halos to experience tidal mass loss for a more extended period of time than would be possible if they simply fell directly into the cluster, and at earlier epochs when hosts were more destructive to their satellites.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.73-101
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• 2017

Objectives: This study is to understand the experiences of overcoming pain of loss of family survivors in Suicide Bereavement Support Group(SBSG). Method: Experiential data was collected by in-depth interview(FGI, individual) to 10 family survivors(over 19) who having an experience participating in SBSG over 5months and analyzed using qualitative methodology. Results: We drew the result that 'SPACE model' which structuralize by 5 stages of suicide survivors' experience of SBSG of time path. SPACE model configured as follow: Stage1, Space in vacuum, the time to feel a sense of overwhelming feeling like pain, fear, alienation after loss of suicide, Stage2, Probing, when to find informations and resources to help survivors themselves, Stage3, Acclimation, having experiences empathy and healing as in SBSG, Stage4, Composure, accepting SBSG meaning as a part of their lives, loss of my family by suicide, and the beginning of bereavement, Stage5, Endurance, overcoming suffering through SBSG and try to help other survivors. Conclusions: SBSG is the opportunity for family survivors to overcome the pains from loss of suicide, shock, anger, grief, etc., and to empower them to help other suicide survivors.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 2012

Studying the environments in which core-collapse supernovae (SNe) explode and evolve is essential to establish the nature of the mass loss and the explosion of the progenitor star. The spatial structure of the outer shock in young core-collapse SNR provides an excellent opportunity to study the nature of the medium into which the remnant has been expanding. I will review studies of the outer shocks in young Galactic SNRs using Chandra X-ray observations and discuss the nature of the winds and the progenitor stars.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.415-431
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• 2002

A unified framework for statistical inference for the mean of the normal distribution to derive point estimates, confidence intervals and statistical tests is proposed. This optimal design is justified after investigating the basic information and requirements that are possible and impossible to control when specifying practical and statistical requirements. Point estimation is only credible when viewed in the larger context of interval estimation, since the information required for optimal point estimation is unspecifiable. Triple sampling is proposed and justified as a reasonable sampling vehicle to achieve the specifiable requirements within the unified framework.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.96-103
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• 2003

The historical separation between organization studies and architecture area created a design environment in which wort processes are evaluated separately from setting where they occur. The impact of separation has been parallel yet disconnected development in th two disciplines in which the advance in one arena have not precipitated advances in the other. This is the unfortunate loss as each discipline has the potential to contribute directly to the other. With the emergence of new economy the opportunity to realign the tow disciplines is once again presented as new ways of working have enhanced this opportunity. It is important to revisit the historical development of the tow disciplines and to discuss how the misalignment of their respective concerns contributed to the establishment of our current situation. What happened to create an environment in which organizations assume that one of their largest capital expenditures the cost of providing work spaces for employees is unrelated to their work process\ulcorner what recent developments offer opportunities to rectify this dilemma\ulcorner In this study it is presented a historical review of organization studies and architecture. Through examination of these areas across time it becomes quite apparent that it is now appropriate to pose new questions about organization and their architecture. The comparison of two parallel developments explains how the current design environment is separated from organization studies and offers compelling evidence for why it is important to revisit this separation in light of contemporary theories on collaborative work, organizational learning and communities of practice.