• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 손상으로 입원한 노인을 전기 노인과 후기 노인으로 구분하여 전·후기 노인의 일반적 특성, 주진단명 특성, 손상관련 특성 및 운수사고 유형의 차이를 파악하고자 시행되었다. 질병관리본부의 퇴원손상심층조사 원시자료를 활용하였으며, 복합표본 교차분석(카이제곱 검정)과 복합표본 일반선형모형(t검정)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 일반적 특성은 전기 노인은 건강보험이 높은 반면, 후기 노인은 의료급여가 높게 나타났다. 주진단명 특성은 전기 노인은 뇌 손상이 높았고 후기 노인은 대퇴골 골절이 월등히 높았다. 손상관련 특성은 전·후기 노인 모두 낙상이 가장 높았고, 후기 노인에서 손상발생장소로 가정이나 주거지가, 일상생활 중, 의도성 자해가 높았다. 운수사고 유형은 전기 노인은 승용차 운전자가 높았고, 후기 노인은 보행자 사고가 높았다. 이러한 연구결과에 따라 후기 노인은 전기 노인에 비해 더 많은 의료서비스, 경제적 지원, 주거지 중심의 낙상 예방 대책 및 자살 등 의도적 손상 예방을 위한 사회 심리적 전략이 요구되며, 후기 노인의 보행자 교통사고 예방을 위한 교육 및 도로 등 안전한 보행 환경을 위한 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2012

Backgrounds: In order to prevent dental injuries that often occur in child and adolescent, it is intended to investigate and assess actual state of the injury development, present epidemiological background, and consider and discuss for preparing preventive means against the injury development. Purpose: It was attempted to understand major features of dental injuries developing in child and adolescent and indentify high risk factors of dental injuries in child and adolescent. Methods: In this study, 523 cases of computerized data collected as disease entities of dental injuries among 1-18 years old patient visiting S university hospital located in Seoul in 2009 were analyzed and following results were obtained. Results: It was found that the ratio of dental injuries by genders in child and adolescent was 66.14% of male and 33.86% of female. It was shown also that causes of dental injuries by ages were more in order of falling, bumping, chewing, traffic accident, sports, violence, and crash. In addition places where dental injuries occur by ages were home in less than 5 year old group, park, playground, and play yard in 6-11 year old group, park, playground, and play yard also in 12-14 year old group, and stairs, road, and outdoor places such as mountain climbing, beach, and camping in 15-18 year old group. It was found that time rages when dental injuries in child and adolescent often develop were 15-19 o'clock for falling, 15-19 o'clock for crash, 15-19 o'clock for bumping, 19-03 o'clock for violence, 15-19 o'clock for traffic accident, 15-19 o'clock for sports activity, and 15-19 o'clock for chewing. Conclusion: Background of dental injury inducing factors are very complicated and diversified, so deep study and analysis are required for its prediction. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify risk factors by phases such as before, at, and after accident, establish strategies to reduce injury development, and develop and utilize necessary programs.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes and ground-raised slopes and to recover environment-friendly slopes at the national road expansion construction between Gamchon and Yaechon, test-construction work was done using several modes of hydro-seeding measures to select a suitable construction method through the field survey; the results were as follows : As a result of survey on physio-chemical characteristics of soil, the average soil inclination on ground-raised slopes was from 4.73 mm to 5.37 mm; the average soil acidity was from pH 6.47 to 6.73; the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.57~1.70 %,; the average soil inclination on ground-cutting slopes was 9.17~10.43mm; the average soil acidity was pH 6.67~6.77 and the average soil humidity was within the scope of 0.53~1.27 %; considered overall, they showed generally satisfactory base materials for plant breeding. As a result of the number of sprouting individuals, the average sprouting number of individuals on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction methods and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spots executed by furrow-digging with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were 1,172 number of per square meter and 970 number of per square meter respectively; thus they showed higher numerical value comparing with other test spots. Likewise, the average number of sprouting individuals on test spots of the ground-cutting slopes executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and the average number of sprouting individuals on other test spot executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures were found to be 1,107 number of per square meter and 1,105 number of per square meter respectively, whose numerical value showed rather higher other test spots. As a result of a survey on living plants' breeding index [dried weight], the weight in dried state on test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures on both ground-raised and ground-cutting slopes was found to be higher and showed similar characteristics statistically. As a result of survey on the surface-covering degree of ground-raised slopes, nine weeks after test construction, test spots executed by Coir net with Seed spray method and other test spots executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures showed commonly more than 70% of surface-covering degree, but other test spots showed only below 35% of surface covering degree; especially in case of test spots by Verdvol seed spray measures, they showed 10% of the lowest surface-covering. Surface-covering degree on the test spot of ground-cutting slopes nine weeks after test construction showed more than 75% both executed by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and executed by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures. As a result of survey on appearing plants on the test spots, there dominates Eragrostis curvula both on ground-raised slopes and on ground-cutting slopes with other seeding plant life's lower breeding and there appear intruders, such as Setaria viridis Beauv, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop, and Chenopodium album var.centrorubrum Makino. As for water-borne excavation and soil's washing-away on the slopes, there happened less washing-away and water-borne excavation with good breeding of plant life on test spots executed both by Coir net with Seed spray construction method and by furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures, but there happened much more soil's washing-away along with water-home excavation at the test spot executed by Seed spray with measures. After the research results of test construction sites are examined overall, it's presumed that furrow-digger with Seed spray and Straw mat-mulching measures [interval between lines is 40cm, 5cm in depth] will be preferred to prevent erosion and water-home excavation of slopes located within the construction sites.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.359-370
• /
• 1993

광주지역 남자 중 고등학생들의 흡연실태와 흡연에 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 사회환경적 요인, 지식 및 태도를 파악하고자 1992년 6월 15일부터 6월 30일까지 본 조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상은 광주지역 남자 중학생은 남녀공학유무, 고등학생은 남녀공학유무 및 인문계와 실업계 계열별로 이단계 층화확률표본추출하였으며 흡연실태에 대한 조사는 구조화된 설문지를 배포하여 자기기입식 방법으로 작성하였다. 응답자는 중학생 1,574명, 인문계 고등학생 1,664명, 실업계 고등학생 721명으로 총 3,959명이며 자료분석결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 현재 흡연자는 중학생은 1.5%, 인문계 고등학생 14.8%, 실업계 고등학생 35.1%로 전체 고등학생의 흡연율은 20.1%를 나타냈으며 중 고등학생 모두 학년이 올라갈수록 흡연자의 비율은 증가하였다(p< 0.01). 2. 과거 및 현재 흡연자의 흡연시작 상황을 보면 중 고등학생 모두 호기심으로부터, 그 다음은 다른 사람이 권했기 때문이라고 응답하였으며 처음 권유한 사람은 대부분이 친구로서 친구가 흡연동기의 많은 영향을 끼치는 것으로 보인다. 3. 현재 흡연자중 매일 규칙적으로 흡연하는 학생은 중학생의 경우 34.8% 였고, 고등학생은 70.2%였다. 흡연 기간은 중학생은 1개월 미만이 29.2%로 가장 많았으며 고등학생은 2년이상의 장기 흡연군이 가장 많았다. 흡연시작시기는 중학생은 국민학교때, 고등학생은 중학교 3학년때 시작하는 경우가 가장 많았고, 금연을 시도했다가 실패한 학생을 합하면 76.8%가 금연의사를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 4. 친한 친구의 흡연, 가족중 어머니와 남자형제의 흡연, 원만하지 못한 친구관계, 가정 학교생활의 불만족, 하위에 속하는 학교성적, 타인의 흡연에 대해 보다 너그러운 태도, 간접흡연에 대한 지식이 없고 TV를 통해 흡연의 유해성을 듣지 못한 경우에 있어서 흡연자가 유의하게 많았다(p<0.01).

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 1999

It is very important to establish precisely the historical phases of nursing. We nurses should try to acquire the central social position in the health management system in the near the future, the 21st Century. Therefore my treatise aims to orient the desirable phases of the history of nursing through the feministic survey of the history of nursing from the post medieval epoche to the modern epoche. During the time of the renaissance which gave morning light to the modern epoche, the antique Athenian thinking of sex was again revived. Athenian excluded the women from the public and autonomous regions. All the medical activity, once dominated by the women, was misfortunately regarded as superstition acted by witches. Accordingly, the nursing women were to hunted as witches. In short, in the early modern epoche, women began to be excluded from the history of medical activities. In the middle modern epoche characterized by the enlightenment movement and early capital economic system, capitalistic patriarchal system began to be formed by change in the economic system. The status of women began to be greatly dropped below by the social distinction of the private dimension of home and the Public dimension of job. The woman was deprived of even the occasion to get the official license of medicine and medical institutions were handed to the state or the powerful and rich merchants. Accordingly, nursing acted mainly in the nunnery as the total approach to the patients was destructed wholly and transformed into the means of earning the money. Therefore unprepared low class -women began to engage in nursing only for the money. From then on, nursing activity was tunneled through the dark age for 200 years. In the late modern epoche characterized by the contrast of the accumulated vast capital by industrialization and vast poverty of the peoples, feminism began to float over the surface for the acquisition of equality of men and women from England. A feminist, Nightingale insisted that the women as nurses should be responsible for the healthy life of man. She tried the professional nursing education for women. Accordingly she not only contributed to the intellectual progress of women but also inspired in women the consciousness of the professional job. She tried to realize the ideal of at-that-time-feminists by engaging in nursing all through life. She really paved the road to contemporary nursing. In the near the future, I will write to describe how the late modern epoche nursing has fallen into the dilemma through the 1st and 2nd world wars and matured capitalism and to consider contemporary nursing with the status of women. All these papers aim to give proper recognition of nursing and right orientation of the future 21st Century nursing.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The writer aimed to examine the dynamic aspect on damage and to be conducive to the swift cure according to right treatment to educate prevention of injury through surveying on the number of the damaged teeth given injury, tooth kind, type in damage, place and cause for being damaged, frequency by month and by time level, and location of the damaged tooth. Methods : Targeting 343 teeth of receiving injury in 201 patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, the department of preservation, and the oral and maxillofacial surgery in a dental hospital in Cheonan city from April 2007 to April 2009, by having the dental injury as the main reason, the following conclusions were obtained. Results : 1. Deciduous teeth were indicated to be the highest in imperfect luxation with 60.7%, and were indicated to be in order of crown fracture with 25.5%, root fracture with 12.4%, and perfect luxation with 1.4%. The permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest in crown with 58.1%, and were indicated to be in order of imperfect luxation with 27.3%, root fracture with 13.1%, and perfect luxation with 1.5%(p<0.001). 2. In case of deciduous teeth for a place with damage, the home was indicated to be the highest with 31.7%. The permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) in the road and stairs with 40.4%. As to a cause for damage, both deciduous and permanent teeth were indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) in a cause for falling with 53.1% and 30.8%, respectively. 3. As for a treatment method, in case of deciduous teeth, the close observation was indicated to be the highest with 46.9%. In permanent teeth, the resin restoration was indicated to be the highest(p<0.001) with 22.2%. Dental injuries in deciduous teeth and permanent teeth are showing diverse aspects. Conclusions : It is important to arrange guidelines on cure of the damaged teeth by injury through continuing a dynamic research on these aspects. Also, the damage in deciduous teeth may have direct and indirect influence upon growth in successional permanent teeth. Thus, through careful treatment, the injury needs to be minimized. It is considered to be likely necessary for a right coping method when injury occurs, and above all, for enough prior education so that injury cannot occur.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.785-793
• /
• 2017

미사강변도시 단독주택지에 적용되는 지구단위계획지침이 지역의 특성을 고려하지 않은 부분과 기존의 자치조례에 준하고 있어 이로 인하여 단독주택지의 환경을 악화시키고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 조사결과 1)미사강변도시의 경우 지역 내의 공동주택(아파트)에 대한 디자인 가이드라인은 디테일하게 규정하고 있는 반면에 단독주택지의 주택건축에 대한 디자인 가이드라인이 계획되어 있지 않다. 2)공동주택과 다가구주택에 대한 주차대수 산정에 대한 형평성과 다가구주택이 단독주택으로 분류됨에 따른 주차장 법규의 미비로 인한 문제로 주거환경이 악화되고 있다. 3)지구단위계획지침에 따라 1층 근생의 외벽재료를 유리로 규정하고 있고 협소한 주차공간으로 유리외벽에 인접하여 주차하는 경우 위험성에 대한 대비가 필요하다. 4)초등학교, 유치원이 위치하고 있음에도 불구하고 주차부족 등 차량의 혼잡도가 높아 통학 학생들에게 많은 위험성이 있다. 5)주차장 넓이를 고려하지 않은 가구계획과, 지역의 특성을 고려하지 않은 주차장법 적용으로 여러 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 6)보행자 전용도로가 보행자의 동선을 고려하지 않고 계획되어 타용도로 전용되고 있다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

기후변화에 따른 전 세계적인 온실가스 감축 노력에 따라 교통 분야도 온실가스 배출량을 줄이는데 다양한 노력을 시도하고 있다. 그 중 온실가스의 주범인 차량의 배출가스는 차량의 지정체가 발생할수록 더 많이 발생하기 마련이다. 따라서 지정 체를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 새로운 시설에 대한 공급과 기존 시설에 대한 관리를 들 수 있는데 최근에는 막대한 건설비용으 로 인해 기존 시설에 대한 관리에 더 초점을 두고 있다. 그 중 교통수요관리정책에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있는 가운데 국내외적으로 연구가 전무한 고속도로 영업소 미터링에 대한 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 한국이나 일본처럼 고속도로를 유료로 운영 하는 경우에 발생하게 되는 교통수요관리 정책으로, 본 연구에서는 영업소 미터링의 내용과 그 효과 및 이에따른 편익을 분석 하였다. 특히 효과분석 도구로는 미시적 시뮬레이션툴인 VISSIM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 녹색 교통 추진전략의 일환으로 추진되는 영업소 미터링은 주말 고속도로의 상습 정체 완화를 통한 교통소통 개선 및 탄소배출 저감 등에 기여할 것으로 전망됨에 따라 향후에도 효과를 극대화 할 수 있는 운영 방안 및 활성화 방안에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.59-70
• /
• 2010

최근 몇 년간 국내 외에서는 연평균 10건 이상의 항공기 과주사고가 발생하고 있으며, 이러한 사고를 방지하고자 활주로 종단안전구역 기준을 설정하였다. 그러나 대부분의 공항은 종단안전구역 기준을 설정하기 전에 시공되어 기존 활주로의 경우 대부분이 활주로 종단안전구역 기준을 만족하지 못하고 있는 실정이며 자연장애물, 환경, 지역개발 등으로 활주로 종단안전구역의 기준에 부합하도록 활주로 종단을 확장하기 곤란한 경우가 많다. 이러한 이유로 미연방항공청은 활주로 종단에 항공기 과주방지 포장시스템을 설치하도록 권고하고 있으며, 현재 많은 미국 공항에서 설치완료 하였거나 설치 중에 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 국내 기술을 이용하여 항공기 과주방지 포장시스템에 적합한 재료를 개발하기 위하여 저강도 펄라이트 콘크리트의 기초적인 연구를 수행하였다. 저강도 펄라이트 콘크리트의 단위중량은 배합조건에 따라 $4.5{\sim}6.4kN/m^3$의 범위를 나타내었으며, 일축압축강도는 $400{\sim}1,470kN/m^2$의 강도 범위를 가지고 있었다. CBR 시험기를 이용하여 관입압축강도시험을 수행한 결과 전체 높이에서 관입량이 약 60% 이후부터 강도가 증가하기 시작하였으며, 덤프트럭을 이용하여 관입시험을 수행한 결과 약 40%의 관입량이 측정되었다.