• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.110-120
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• 2022

Spain is Europe's second-largest country with total throughput reaching 16.7 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) by 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the efficiency of 17 container terminals. As a study method, the DEA-CCR model, undesirable variable, and Malmquist Index (MI) were used for data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study results are as follow: (1) DEA-CCR is used to evaluate basic efficiency. The most efficient terminals are decision-making units DMU 1 (APM Terminals (Algeciras Port)), DMU 2 (Total Terminal International Algeciras (Algeciras Port)) and DMU 5 (Barcelona Europe South Terminal (Barcelona Port)). (2) Undesirable DEA was conducted to suggest inefficiency from the undesirable output. Overall, the efficiency scores were reduced. However, DMU 1, DMU 2, and DMU 5 maintained efficiency scores regardless of the finish factor. (3) Malmquist Index was used to observe technology and efficiency changes dynamically. The changes in TCI affected Spanish container terminals more than the Technical Efficiency Change Index (TECI) in 2018-2019. However, in 2019-2020, the TECI was 2.706, higher than the TCI value, indicating that the change in TECI had more influence on the increase in productivity. This study offers a broader understanding of Spanish container terminals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2001

This paper is on 3D virtual reality simulator for terminal in connection with terminal operation system in real terminal in order to reflex complicated terminal operation and environment. This simulator has been developed based on knowledge of terminal planning and operation analysis and advanced software technologies that TSB has accumulated over 10 years. In this study, the simulator generates terminal layout and component of terminal in the same environments as the real terminal in Ohi, Japan and uses real operation system using real planning data in the past in order to describe 3D VR simulation that integrates container handling equipment and real time communication of job ordering. In addition, it is suggested various statistics and analysis report can be used to derive decision supporting factors that optimize design of terminal and improve operation, which will eventually increase terminal productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2005

The wire rope of container crane is a important component to container transfer system and is used in a myriad of various applications such as elevator, mine hoist, construction machinery, and so on. If it happen wire rope failures in operating, it may lead to the safety accident and economic loss, which is productivity decline, competitive decline of container terminal, etc. To solve this problem, we developed the active and portable wire rope fault detecting system. The developed system consists of three parts that are the fault detecting, signal processing, and remote monitoring part. All detected signal has external noise or disturbance according to circumstances. Therefore we applied to discrete wavelet transform to extract a signal from noisy data that was used filter. As experimental result, we can reduce the expense for container terminal because of extension of exchange period of wire rope for container crane and this system is possible to apply in several fields to use wire rope.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.73-89
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• 2012

As the environment surrounding ports is rapidly changing and ports competition in Southeast Asia has become more severe to secure cargo volumes, ports strive to enhance their competitiveness by improving the efficiency of operations. The operational efficiency of ports, plays a crucial role to improve a nation's. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of container port and its determinants during over five year(2006 to 2010) period using DEA-O and Tobit regression respectively. The results show that firstly, Gamman is the most efficient container terminal, followed by New Gamman container terminal and Hutchison Busan container terminal. Secondly, it is notable that the efficiency of Busan Newport is dramatically increasing, and finally, the yard productivity of the container port is only influencing determinant of all.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.57-58
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• 2023

The working time for loading and transporting containers in the container terminal is one of the factors directly related to port productivity, and minimizing working time for these operations can maximize port productivity. Among working time for container operations, the working time of yard tractors(Y/T) responsible for the transportation of containers between berth and yard is a significant portion. However, it is difficult to estimate the working time of yard tractors quantitatively, although it is possible to estimate it based on the practical experience of terminal operators. Recently, a technology based on IoT(Internet of Things), one of the core technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, is being studied to monitoring and tracking logistics resources within the port in real-time and calculate working time, but it is challenging to commercialize this technology at the actual port site. Therefore, this study aims to develop yard tractor working time prediction model to enhance the operational efficiency of the container terminal. To develop the prediction model, we analyze actual port operation data to identify factors that affect the yard tractor's works and predict its working time accordingly.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-65
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• 2006

These days, the number of automated container terminals is increasing to encourage the productivity of the container terminal inside and outside of the country. So far, there have been a lot of researches on the operating one type of equipments in a container terminal. However, there is still room for further improvement as none of equipment works itself but cooperate each other to finish a job, which means synchronization among the equipments is necessary. Among lots of equipments in a terminal, this paper concerns with the operation of ATCs (Automated Transfer Crane) and YTs (Yard Truck). The purpose of this paper is to find the efficient heuristic methods for operating ATCs and YTs that can set up a schedule in a real time. Moreover, using simulation this paper shows the efficient stacking strategy to decide the location of containers to be put and the proper selection range of YTs.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3202-3203
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• 1999

In this paper we show an integrated system of crane maneuvering, crane productivity, terminal operating system, and material handling system, so that the terminal users can have a unified database which enables them to improve the productivity, convenience for users and offer a wide variety of choices resulting in sharing information between terminal operating companies and efficient management of national key harbor industries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.170-171
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• 2011

Recently, container terminal managers make an experiment on the double cycle and dual cycle operation, which ship loading and unloading were carried out simultaneously, for increasing the productivity of quay side. If, however, we make an experiment on dual cycle operation in a real job site, the efficiency is poor up to terminal operation method as YTs(Yard Tractors)' allocation method, QCs(Quay Cranes)' working speed, and position of export containers. Especially, using the existing yard operation method, it is difficult to support to dual and double cycle operation. Therefore, this paper examine more efficient terminal operation method, when terminal uses dual cycle operation. We developed a simulation model using simulation analysis software, Arena.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

In this paper, Improved productivity models of container terminal are provided by utilizing a simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and transport vehicle of container's high productivity 'Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles.' Feature of this method is deriving the data of tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles, estimating the productivity model of tandem-lift Quay Crane by using regression analysis. Tandem-lift Quay Crane is equipment of loading and unloading to increase productivity approximately by 2 time existing (single, twin) Quay Crane by dealing with four 20ft containers or two 40ft containers at the same. Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles can transfer containers(4TEU) more than existing Yard Tractor. This paper is deriving the optimal combination showing the highest productivity by using simulation considering Tandem-lift Quay Crane and Alternative ship-to-yard vehicles on container terminals and developing estimating model of productivity by using regression analysis using data of simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.296-303
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• 2002

The main subject to become a hub port is automation. The automated container terminal has already operated in advanced ports and it has been planned for the basic planning and operation design in domestic case. The key of automated container terminal is effective operation of both ATC(automated transfer crane) and AGV(automated guided vehicle) which is automated handling equipments. This is essential to productivity of automated container terminal. This study suggests the most optimal method of equipment operation in order to minimize loading time using each three types or effective ATC operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in automated container terminals. As the automated equipment operation causes unexpected deadlocks or interferences, it should be proceeded on event-based real time. Therefore we propose the most effective ATC operation methods and AGV dispatching rules in this paper. The various states occurred in real automated container terminals are simulated to evaluate these methods. This experiment will show the most robust automated equipment operation method on various parameters(the degree of yard re-marshaling, the number of containers and the number of AGVs)