• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of microorganisms and the degree of contamination in the air of the dental clinics and to offer basic data as to the contamination of medical equipment and the prevention of the clinics. With this in mind, the researcher gathered air samples from the waiting rooms and medical offices of nine dental clinics in the city of J, South Korea with the use of a method of natural inattention and an air sampler and cultivated the samples on the plain table and drew from it bacteria falling and separated and sorted out the colony with the help of ATB and detected the distribution of the germs. The results are following, The number of bacteria falling in the air of the dental clinics was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The number of bacteria falling in the air of the medical offices was less than 10(CFU/Plate) with the exception of one dental clinic. This implies that they fit in with standards for hygiene. The survey on the detection of staph. aureus reveals that all the dental clinics with the exception of B dental clinic proving to be positive had non-pathogenic staphylococci detected. The survey on the detection of pathogenic gram negative bacilli indicates that all the dental clinics but one were none detected. The survey on the distribution of germs shows that germs in 7 out of 9 dental clinics were none detected, and that they in four out of 9 waiting rooms were none detected. All the germs detected in the others were mostly non-pathogenic. The study shows that all the subject dental clinics but one were hygienically controlled and that there was a difference in accordance with cleaning and sterilization. This means that dental clinics should be equipped with systematic programs for cleaning and sterilization designed to prevent infection.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.21
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• pp.207-239
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• 2004

Jungchull(정철) was a very famous poet of Kasa(가사), Sijo(시조) and Hansi(한시) during the middle period of the Chosun kingdom. He has been studied by modern scholars mainly as a poet of Kasa(가사). These days, however, his Sijos are being studied as an important literary achievement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pursuit of reality and elegance expressed in Jungchull's Sijo in order to understand his Sijos more deeply. In the process of this discussion, I will take a look at some of his Kasa(가사), Hansi(한시) and biography also, and I will compare his Sijo(시조) with that of his teacher's, friend's and senior's. Jungchull considered it important to become an official in the royal court because he was a Confucian scholar who believed in jugi-theory (주기론), in which all realistic phenomena is evaluated(Confucianism is very realistic in essence), and he had a happy life in the royal household until he was ten years old. I found that characteristics of his "realistic pursuit" are represented in his Sijo by two situations: the one is when he is apart from the King, and the other when he is together with the King. In all situations, though, he pursued an official position in the royal court. When he was apart from the king, his absolute resolution to follow the King was expressed in his not being able to sleep. In his sijo, he asks the wild duck to inform him of the King's welfare. He tries to flap his wings, to be the water or the moon in order to reach the royal household where the King was living. When he recognizes it's impossible, he expresses his perfect loyalty to the King in his Sijo by using literary paradox. According to this, he describes himself as not an able scholar, but also not a flattering scholar. In his sijo, he reminisces about working for the King in the royal household, when he had a good relationship with the King. But when he was an official in the province in a good relationship with the King, he expressed his intention of coming back to the royal household in order to be with the King again. From this we can ascertain that his pursuit of reality means to occupy an official position in the royal household, to serve the King and to have political power among of the officials. His elegance, expressed in his sijo, is deeply related to his absolute political pursuit of the King. He describes two kinds of elegance: nature related elegance and drinking alcohol related elegance. Two kinds of nature related elegance were delineated in his sijo, depending upon his political situation. When he had a good relationship with the King, occupying an official position, he delineated his gladness and free-heart in harmonizing with nature. But when he lost his official position. he expressed his purity using nature, and exclusion from nature. These kinds of nature related elegance were different from that of the usual Confucian scholar, for example, contemporaries Lee Hwang Next, two kinds of drinking alcohol related elegance were delineated in his sijo depending upon his political situation. More often he depicted excitement and composure of mind in his sijo by drinking alcohol in good situations than in efforts to overcome his agony in bad situations. The tradition of overcoming one's agony by drinking alcohol in bad situation was discovered by this writer in Jungchull's teacher's, and also his junior's sijo. Lastly in my next research paper future, I will look at the reason why certain various themes are represented in Jungchull's sijo, and what their the relationships are, to understand his literary works as a whole.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.133-162
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• 2001

Unexpected accidents in school has been gradually increased every year, and student's mistaken was the first reason of the accident. To preventing the students from Unexpected accidents in school, safety education is more important than having strong facilities to have much more strong protecting forces for the accidents. Therefore, systematic education of safety is needed most of all, and especially, strengthening safety education in school is needed. Hereby, this study is aimed at investigating and analysing the actual condition and demand of safety education. It also conducted a survey with the target of 1,255 students in the second grade of high school in Seoul from April 20 to May 19, and the result of this study is as follows. 1. In the general features of the subject of the survey, boy students and girl students occupied 50.8％ and 49.2％ each, and boys' high school (34.3％), girls' high school(32.2％) and co-ed(33.5％) participated in balance. In the location, north from Han river occupied 54.6％, south were 45.2％. 2. According to the status of experiencing an accident, boys were more experienced then girls(p〈0.05). From the section, home accident(56.8％) occupied most followed by school accident, traffic accident, sports accident and poisoning. The accident happening most often in detailed category is sports accident such as basket ball, foot ball and dodge ball. The actual condition of the subject's using a school health facility shows that boys students use it more often than girl students(p〈0.01) 3. In attitude toward safety, the subject showed lower interest in safety issues than other social issues. But attitude in seriality of safety problems were high. Also, they responded ‘individual citizen’(63.1％) as the one who should make efforts for safety. Regarding knowledge of preventing safety accidents in attitude toward individual safety, 42.2％ answered ‘they know a little’ and 32.6％ of respondents say ‘they do not know’. To a question of the degree of the subject's following safety rules, 36.4％ were answered ‘keeping’ and the group using a school health facility shows more ‘keeping’ the others(p〈0.05). 4. To a question of asking if they have experienced safety education, 51.2％ answered ‘yes’. Teachers who mainly take care of safety education are answered as training teacher(48.7％). As for education time, training class(51.3％) is said to have safety education most followed by health-related event and PE(Physical Education). Frequency of education shows once or twice a session (62.8％) most often, but in case of co-ed school, 5-7times a session or more(20.1％) are being practiced. Looking at education time, 1-2 hour(s)(22.1％) or for a short time(22.1％) during class are being practiced. As an education method, instruction(43.8％) and video education(32.5％) are being practiced, and when it comes to education evaluation method, ‘not practiced’(70.0％) answered. To the question if they are satisfied with school safety education, they answered more ‘no(43.1％)’ than ‘yes(6.7％)’, and the reason is that safety education class is just for formality's sake, and the fact they already know is being repeated. The contents of safety education is composed of school safety, home safety, and first aid. 5. It is turned out that 56.5％ of the total boy students and 61.1％ of the total girl students recognize the necessity of safety education. To the question if safety education is needed in an elementary and middle education course, 46.4％ of the subject answer answered' it's necessary'. The most reason for their answers are ‘safety education is directly related to life’. 6. Regarding the requested time of safety education is ‘one hour a week’ by 55.9％. For safety education, safety education teachers(38.7％) are answered to be the most proper. As a request for safety education, video education is answered to be the most appropriate(30.6％), followed by practical skills, lecture and discussion(p〈0.05). Demand of educational evaluation, practical skills, interview and observation are answered to be needed. To the question if they want to participate in the way of demanded safety education, 41.9％ of respondents answer ‘have a mind to participate in’ (41.9％). To benefits followed by completing safety education, 72.0％ of respondents answer ‘agree’, and 24.7％ ‘do not agree’, which means lout 4 disagrees with completing safety education. 7. Looking at demand of safety education according to the features of the subject, ‘our position for the person who has handicapped’ was answer to the most.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-168
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• 2017

I tried to understand a folk tale "The half-boy" in terms of analytical psychology. In the story, a lady without children prayed to the Buddha. The white old man came and gave three fishes, but the cat ate half of it. So, she ate two and a half. She gave birth to two perfect sons. The third son had one arm, one leg, and one eye. They grew well. Brothers went to take the civil service examinations, and the half-boy followed. But two brothers did not like the half-boy coming along. So, brothers tied the half-boy to the rocks and trees, and he picked them up with force and gave them down to the yard of the house. And the half-boy followed his brothers again, and brothers tied him with kudzu and put him in front of the tiger. The half-boy won the tiger by betting with cutting kudzu. The half-boy stripped off the tiger's skin. The host coveted the tiger skin and they played with janggi. The half-boy won the game and was permitted to take host's daughter. The half-boy went with a string, a drum, a flea, and a bedbug. He teased host's people with these. The half-boy brought a virgin and lived well. "The Half-Boy" folktale is an old story spread throughout the country. There are similar stories in India and Africa. Unilateral figures are universally distributed archetypal images. In numerous cultures gods and spirits are being portrayed as unilateral figures. In the creation mythology, half-figure beings have immortality. In Indonesian and African folk tales, the half-born boy goes to heaven and merges with its half and becomes perfect. Some of one-sided spirits are harmful to humans but some of one-sided birds, chickens, and spirits are helpful to people. Sometimes half being is a cultural hero who steals grain from heaven or gets some advice how to use bamboo. There are stories that half body becomes a whole body afterwards. But in this folktale and most of the similar folktales, half-figure does not change and maintains half-figure to the end. And as a half-figure he does various great things and marries a virgin. The half-boy symbolizes a psychic experience born in the unconscious. The unconscious contents may seem strange and weird at first and the collective consciousness does not want to accept them. But the unconscious exerts greater power and brings vitality and creativity to consciousness. This folk tale seems to have compensated for the stubborn collective consciousness of our society, which was a Confucian class society. It also allows people to change their attitude toward disabled people and recognize strengths and creativity of the handicapped.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

In the age of globalization, effective and efficient corporate management is becoming more important as domestic and international business circumstances changes. In the middle of endless changes in business circumstances, fast reaction to customers and market, and offering customized goods and service became essential. In this respect, CRM designed to utilize customer information scientifically and systematically, has become an essential system and marketing strategy to enhance corporate competitiveness. CRM has placed the importance of customers in the front of marketing and has focused every process and business minds on customers. Recent change in the market and the trend of establishing and introducing CRM system has lead us to concentrate on the introduction of CRM in the financial institutions. This study searched for several views about CRM in academic and industrial papers. Through theoretical approach on CRM, the background of the introduction of CRM, the purpose of CRM, the characteristic and application of CRM, and the expected effect of CRM will be discussed. This study is focused on financial institutions where CRM is widely used. And through documents about examples of the introduction of CRM, the status of the establishment of domestic CRM and the necessity and trend of CRM will be discussed. Also the problem of CRM in the financial institutions and the improvement of CRM in domestic banks will be analyzed. When discussing CRM in the financial area, customers are the main source of corporate profit and through relationship management with the customers enhancing loyalty and maximizing profit can be obtained. Especially in CRM in financial institutions, maintaining existing customers makes higher profit ratio, so repurchasing and cross selling becomes important for obtaining lifetime value of existing customers who contribute to most of the profit of corporations. As a result, CRM should be completely customer oriented. CRM in financial institutions is not merely marketing work, but organizational competence which is made up of standardized work process through total process integration inside the corporation. Corporations which plan to introduce CRM should analyze the characteristics and conditions of corporations and establish purpose and strategy of CRM. And they need long term view to find out the factors which best fit for the introduction of CRM. To enable this, strategy composed of daily marketing activity and CRM concept is necessary. Also continued improvement through drill and training for operating organization should be followed to maintain CRM well. And corporate culture must settle customer as the center of corporate value. The race for introducing and improving CRM has already begun. CRM should not be regarded as a choice. It should be accepted as something essential. In this reality financial institutions should solve subdivision problem of customers and necessity of customers with the mind of 'customer's profit is my profit'. Customer focused management should not be emphasized only by words. Efforts like viewing from the customer's point must be nurtured to provide methods to help customers. That is, we should not just follow what is done in foreign countries. We should solve the problem of our customers according to the situation of our country, our industry, our corporation. Then we can gain the trust of customers, and the value derived from the customers will become the background of CRM which will lead the corporation to success.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.103-130
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• 2011

This study is the research of enterprise security for raising the profitability and stability of Korean companies in global business environment and strategic cooperation of business. As the scientific technology gets complicated as day goes by and new competitors appear regardless the border in the modern business environment, the situation happens frequently which the huge company hands over their market to the new one armed with the innovative thinking overnight. To survive such new environment, the answer is the change of paradigm regarding business management method at the new point of view. With the low level of security risk management of Korean companies which stick to old habit, the security management which helps the companies secure profits is not affordable. The global village where the population of 7 billions live in 21st century is facing up to the rapid ecological adaptation. The rapid change of climatic environment creates the hundreds of thousands of sufferers in a moment, and we have been watching the millions of livestock are buried alive due to new contagious disease everyday. Such change encourages the humans in global village to change the basic way of living. The business ecosystem which is the basic root for economic life cannot be an exception. To survive the business environment of 21st century, the security risk management at management level is required and the reporting line of companies should be established newly for raising business competing power through security risk management. The companies should bear in mind that they can be disappeared into our old memories overnight if they are not sensitive to the changing environment. Out of new risks for the modern companies, the field especially Korean companies are dealing easily is the security risk. Not like past, the security risk which's size is much more massive and its propagation velocity is very fast is the one of important business risks which the management should take care. Out of security risks which influence on the modern companies significantly, the brand of companies, protection of their reputation, continuity of production and operation and keeping customer's trust are prior to the others. This study offered the suggestion regarding enterprise security and the strategic cooperation of business to deal with such security risk effectively.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.281-313
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• 2016

Our Constitution obliges the state to protect the health of the people, and the Medical Law, which embodied Constitution, sets out in detail the matters related to open the medical institution and one of them is to prohibit the operation of multiple medical institutions In the past, there was a provision stipulating the same purpose. But because the Supreme Court interpreted that several medical institutions could be opened if the medical treatment was not made at the additional medical instition which was opened in the another doctor,s license, multiple medical institutions could be opened and operated. However, some health care providers opened the several medical institutions to another doctor's license just by the excuse of the business management and then did illegal medical cares like the unfair luring of patients, overtreatment, and commition treatment for more profits. So, the health rights of the people came to be infringed on. Accordingly, lawmakers amended the Medical Law for medical personnel not to open and to operate more than one medical institution. As the amended medical law prohibited a medical personnel to open multiple medical institution, some medical personnels insisted that the amended medical law is unconstitutional under which they could not be able to open and operate medical institutions on based on free investment and bring out the benefits of network hospitals. But the regulation to prohibit multiple institutions does not apply only to a medical personnel. Many other experts like lawyer and pharmacist can open only one office under such a restriction. If the regulation goes out of force, the procedure that multiple medical institutions should be opened and operated in the capacity as a medical corporation or a non-profit corporation does not have to be followed. And we should keep in mind that the permission for medical personels to open multiple medical institutions could lead virtually to commercial hospital. If in the nation with a very low rate of public medical service, If only a few medical personnels with capital own many medical institutions and operate commercially them, this could cause a falling-off in quality of medical service, ultimately infringe on the health rights and the life right of the people.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

The joint diseases threaten modern people's healthy life. They bring about a long pain, an anasarca, loss of joint function or even deformation and rigidity of joint, limiting people's ordinary activities much. The chronic joint patients may be subject to some hypochondria caused by anxiety for their life, social isolation, financial problem and physical disability. Therefore, this population should continue to be duely taken care of by medical personnels. In particular, nurses should adequately help these people to recover and improve their health through suitable adaptations. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study was aimed at reviewing these patients' conditions in their ordinary life before and after a plastic operation for artificial joint replacement as well as their satisfaction with their life. For this purpose, those patients who underwent some plastic operations for artificial joint replacement at university hospitals in Seoul from January 2, 1993 to June 30, 1995 were selected as the population of this study. Among them, 87 people were randomly sampled to answer a questionnaire designed specially. For the surveying tools, Jette's (1980) scale was applied to address the sample people's inconveniences experienced and supports received in their ordinary life, while the scale of Wood, Wylie & Sheafer was used to measure their satisfaction with their life. The collected data were analyzed for percentiles, means, SD, t-test and Pearson's correlations. The results of survey can be summarized as follows ; As a result of t-test the frequencies of other people's support before and after the plastic operation, it was disclosed that those who underwent the operation were supported less frequently. In addition, as a result of t-testing their satisfaction with life before and after the operation, it was found that the operation increased their satisfaction with life significantly. Meanwhile, as a result of t-test inconveniences, frequencies of supports and life satisfaction before and after the plastic operation for artificial knee replacement, it was disclosed that only the inconveniences were significantly reduced after the operation. In contrast, the t-test the variables before and after the plastic operation for artificial hip replacement, it was found that only the frequencies of other people's supports were significant reduced after the operation. Furthermore, the differences 6 months, one year and two years after the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement were t-tested on the variables. As a result, it was disclosed that people's inconvenience, frequencies of supports and life satisfaction were not improved 6 months after the operation but their frequencies of supports decreased significantly one year after, while their inconveniences and life satisfaction were significantly improved two years after. As a result of analyzing the variables with Pearson's correlations, inconveniences and frequency of supports were negatively correlated significantly with the life satisfaction. In conclusion, the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement significantly improved people's living inconveniences, reduced their frequency of other people's support and enhanced their satisfaction with life. To break don the plastic operation for artificial knee replacement improved patients' inconveniences, while the plastic operation for artificial hip replacement not only improved patients' inconveniences but reduced the frequencies of other people's support also. Finally, the finding that the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement brought about the improvement two years after suggests that this period is needed for the patients to adapt themselves to the post-operation conditions.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2012

There is a large difference between purchasing patterns in an online shopping mall and in an offline market. This difference may be caused mainly by the difference in accessibility of online and offline markets. It means that an interval between the initial purchasing decision and its realization appears to be relatively short in an online shopping mall, because a customer can make an order immediately. Because of the short interval between a purchasing decision and its realization, an online shopping mall transaction usually contains fewer items than that of an offline market. In an offline market, customers usually keep some items in mind and buy them all at once a few days after deciding to buy them, instead of buying each item individually and immediately. On the contrary, more than 70% of online shopping mall transactions contain only one item. This statistic implies that traditional data mining techniques cannot be directly applied to online market analysis, because hardly any association rules can survive with an acceptable level of Support because of too many Null Transactions. Most market basket analyses on online shopping mall transactions, therefore, have been performed by expanding the co-occurrence criteria of traditional association rule mining. While the traditional co-occurrence criteria defines items purchased in one transaction as concurrently purchased items, the expanded co-occurrence criteria regards items purchased by a customer during some predefined period (e.g., a day) as concurrently purchased items. In studies using expanded co-occurrence criteria, however, the criteria has been defined arbitrarily by researchers without any theoretical grounds or agreement. The lack of clear grounds of adopting a certain co-occurrence criteria degrades the reliability of the analytical results. Moreover, it is hard to derive new meaningful findings by combining the outcomes of previous individual studies. In this paper, we attempt to compare expanded co-occurrence criteria and propose a guideline for selecting an appropriate one. First of all, we compare the accuracy of association rules discovered according to various co-occurrence criteria. By doing this experiment we expect that we can provide a guideline for selecting appropriate co-occurrence criteria that corresponds to the purpose of the analysis. Additionally, we will perform similar experiments with several groups of customers that are segmented by each customer's average duration between orders. By this experiment, we attempt to discover the relationship between the optimal co-occurrence criteria and the customer's average duration between orders. Finally, by a series of experiments, we expect that we can provide basic guidelines for developing customized recommendation systems. Our experiments use a real dataset acquired from one of the largest internet shopping malls in Korea. We use 66,278 transactions of 3,847 customers conducted during the last two years. Overall results show that the accuracy of association rules of frequent shoppers (whose average duration between orders is relatively short) is higher than that of causal shoppers. In addition we discover that with frequent shoppers, the accuracy of association rules appears very high when the co-occurrence criteria of the training set corresponds to the validation set (i.e., target set). It implies that the co-occurrence criteria of frequent shoppers should be set according to the application purpose period. For example, an analyzer should use a day as a co-occurrence criterion if he/she wants to offer a coupon valid only for a day to potential customers who will use the coupon. On the contrary, an analyzer should use a month as a co-occurrence criterion if he/she wants to publish a coupon book that can be used for a month. In the case of causal shoppers, the accuracy of association rules appears to not be affected by the period of the application purposes. The accuracy of the causal shoppers' association rules becomes higher when the longer co-occurrence criterion has been adopted. It implies that an analyzer has to set the co-occurrence criterion for as long as possible, regardless of the application purpose period.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.40-59
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• 2010

Anssolim is the unique technique which standing columns lean in a inward direction of buildings in traditional architecture, which has not been thoroughly investigated to this day. With a dearth of previous studies, the anssolim technique can only be examined through detailed three-dimensional surveys. The main halls of Korean palaces can be seen as buildings that were built with the regulations of the day in mind, making them excellent research subjects when studying the anssolim technique. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. In the main halls that were studied, anssolim was applied most to main space (eokan) columns, then lessened for peripheral columns. 2. The largest second-floor cheoma columns were placed inward in the eokan, then became smaller as with the peripheral columns. In the case of the eokan, the columns were arranged according to the size of the anssolim. 3. The second-floor cheoma column anssolim in the middle-floor main hall were generally a third or a quarter of the size of those on the first floor. As on the first floor, the largest anssolim were applied to the eokan columns, then became gradually smaller towards the periphery columns. 4. In the palace main halls, the largest anssolim were used for the eokan columns, and became smaller with the peripheral columns. This unique structure can be seen to be a Korean technique that deviates from the Chinese "Yingzaofashi(營造法式)" techniques. Although this study is limited in that it only studies the main hall of Korean palaces, it is significant in that it shed new light on the technological implications of the anssolim technique, and can be used as important data for research into the history of technology. Although this type of data is difficult to extrapolate, it has been made as accurate as possible by minimizing the margin of error in the data for the palaces that were actually studied.