• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2010

The stagnation of unsold houses is recently aggravated due to domestic and overseas crisis of finance and real-sector economy and domestic housing construction is in serious difficulty. Thus, tax support is necessary for national housing construction. Due to the current tax exemption system of national housing, V.A.T. paid in the construction of national housing is not deducted. Namely, it is ascribed to consumer as it is reflected in the construction cost. This research intends to analyze the limit of V.A.T. tax exemption system, to present the necessity of applying zero rate and to calculate the scale of non-deduction of V.A.T. purchase tax amount for national housing by analyzing the construction site of apartment house of house constructor in order to analyze the effect of zero rate when it is applied on the basis of above ground. In the zero rate system, V.A.T. is not collected from the consumers like the present tax exemption system. However, the purchase tax amount borne in the construction of national housing is deducted totally. As purchase tax is deducted, constructor will promote supplying national housing thanks to the effect of solving financial difficulties and improving liquidity. Since the architecture cost and parceling-out price can be lowered due to the improved liquidity of constructor, the policy will actually help the people without house.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.524-530
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• 2017

Unlike in the past, North Korean defectors are not merely satisfied at escaping the regime; they now consider their escape as a form of immigration to pursue a better life. This study examines the adaptation status of North Korean defectors and suggests a plan to cope with the associated challenges accordingly. The current status of North Korean defectors is analyzed based on a literature review and the latest data on their current status, along with their actual adaptation progress to South Korean society and other factors related to the difficulty in their social adjustment. The number of North Korean defectors has increased rapidly since 2000, but the number started to fall in the wake of the inauguration in 2012 of the Kim Jong Eun regime. In addition, North Korean defectors arriving after 1999 are significantly less educated and from lower levels in terms of their occupation and livelihood than those who arrived before. The factors related to North Korean defectors' maladjustment to South Korean society include: difficulties in performing economic activities, differences in the political and economic systems, and cultures, of the two Koreas, and other difficulties stemming from family relations. If the difficulties North Korean defectors experience in adapting to South Korean society are resolved with the support of North Korean defectors and facilities of South Korean society, North Korean defectors will be able to settle down successfully. It is also important for North Korean defectors to strive to adapt to South Korean society by sharing their emotion with the members of society. Therefore, in order for North Korean defectors to adapt smoothly to South Korean society, it is necessary to plan some concrete ways that would reduce social and financial burdens nationwide.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 1992

Any money model should address the most important phenomenon of a monetary economy, which is the phenomenon of the rate of return dominance. Even if the holding returns on financial or nonfinancial assets are higher than the rate of return on fiat money holding, which is typically zero, people still hold and use money. In a period of accelerating inflation, number of dominating assets increases continuously, yet people continue to hold and use money. Wallace's (1980) overlapping generations model cannot address the rate of return dominance phenomenon. His model does not capture the mediun of exchange role of fiat money. In this paper, an overlapping types model of fiat money is constructed, in which different types of consumers have different preferences on different types of goods, are endowed with different types of goods, are located at seperated regions, and live for only two periods. In this model, people hold and use money despite the dominating assets, even if inflation accelates. Money in this case serves as a pure medium of exchange, whereas in Wallace's model, money serves as a pure store of value, and money disappears if a dominating asset exists. An interesting feature of the overlapping types model presented in this paper is that money does not provide a cheap approximation to an idealized and efficient real allocation. A monetary economy is always superior to a nonmonetary economy, because money helps overcome the incompleteness of the overlapping types friction. In a monetary economy, however, a pareto optimal allocation cannot always be achieved, because money cannot always overcome the overlapping types friction itself. Therefore, with the criterion of optimality of real allocations, the monetary economy is more optimal than a nonmonetary economy but less optimal than a complete Arrow-Debreu economy. This feature has important implications on macro modelling. Because of the difficulty in introducing money into a macro model in an essential and endogenous manner as in the overlapping types model of this paper, a macro model typically ignores money and studies real allocations without the money factor. The possible inefficiencies of a monetary economy, relative to a complete real Arrow-Debreu economy, may indicate differences in real allocations between the two models.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.717-737
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• 2010

In the face of climate changes and economic crisis, nations across the world spare no efforts to identify new growth engine industries and lift the domestic economy by promoting green technologies and tightening environmental regulations. The Korean government also tries to create and promote new growth engine industries. As part of these efforts, it launched the New Growth Engine Fund in 2009, a private and public initiative to support small- and medium-sized companies that own promising new green technologies. However, it has a limitation on making investment in the fund due to the global economic crisis, the significant size of necessary capital investment and the difficulty of finding investment companies. The lukewarm response of the private sector arose a need to change the fund management method. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to propose efficient strategies of managing various funds such as cooperation fund between the central and local governments, incubator fund financed by the government and financial institutions and win-win cooperation fund for the government, large companies and partners as a means of developing and supporting new growth engine industries in a sustainable way. The importance of this research lies with the proposition of various funds that can be used to implement the government's strategic goal of developing new growth engine industries.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2024

Implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) has been practiced in various forms for a long time, and among them, implant surveyed crown RPD is gaining predictability as well as being considered as a treatment option for patients with anatomical and financial disadvantages. The position of implant could be divided as posterior placement or anterior placement according to the purpose of the treatment and should be planned in consider to the alveolar ridge of patient, anticipated prognosis of remaining teeth, and opposing dentition. This case report describes a treatment for mandibular Kennedy class I partial edentulous patient with two implant-supported surveyed crown and implant assisted removable partial denture. Given the difficulty of posterior placement in this patient and the prognosis of the residual teeth, the plan was to place two implants in close proximity to the residual teeth, which were placed in the planned position, angle, and depth using guided surgery. The process of fabricating the fixed prosthesis was carried out in parallel with the maxillary edentulous tooth arrangement process to increase predictability, and when fabricating the localized tooth, the implant was designed in a form that allows the patient to perform functional movements by preventing excessive loading as the last supporting tooth, and was fabricated through a secondary impression process. Each treatment procedure was proceeded as planned, with aesthetically and functionally satisfactory results for both patient and operator.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.325-332
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• 2023

Currently, the world's population has already entered a super-aging era, and the rate is expected to increase rapidly to about 40% by 2050. However, the rapid development of automation technology and the online service sector, the main technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, are still further isolating them in a world where many inconveniences and development technologies are applied. As such, alienation in daily life is widely expanded in various fields, but the financial service sector is one of the must-use areas regardless of age because of its strong nature in the public service sector, and is a very important factor in the period when branches are rapidly decreasing. However, the current utilization rate of mobile banking services is not around 5%, so users over 60 are rarely able to use them. The UX design of the most frequently used remittance service screen in mobile banking services was proposed, and the difficulty of trying to find the preferred bank among 56 or more banks was solved by analyzing the usage rate of each bank and dividing it into three stages by age group from 50 or older. In addition, it was designed to strengthen customized services by showing their recently used banks as the top priority. The design proposed in this study obtained an average of 4.8 points or more out of 5 points as a result of usability satisfaction through interviews with less than 50 senior groups. This study is believed to help each bank upgrade its different mobile banking designs in a unified manner.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8107-8112
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• 2016

Background and Aims: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Malaysian Chinese version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire core (QLQ-C30) in patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Translated versions of the QLQ-C30 were obtained from the EORTC. A cross sectional study design was used to obtain data from patients receiving treatment at two teaching hospitals in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Malaysian Chinese version of QLQ-C30 was self-administered in 96 patients while the Karnofsky Performance Scales (KPS) was generated by attending surgeons. Statistical analysis included reliability, convergent, discriminate validity, and known-groups comparisons. Statistical significance was based on p value ${\leq}0.05$. Results: The internal consistencies of the Malaysian Chinese version were acceptable [Cronbach's alpha (${\alpha}{\geq}0.70$)] in the global health status/overall quality of life (GHS/QOL), functioning scales except cognitive scale (${\alpha}{\leq}0.32$) in all levels of analysis, and social/family functioning scale (${\alpha}=0.63$) in patients without a stoma. All questionnaire items fulfilled the criteria for convergent and discriminant validity except question number 5, with correlation with role (r = 0.62) and social/family (r = 0.41) functioning higher than with physical functioning scales (r = 0.34). The test-retest coefficients in the GHS/QOL, functioning scales and in most of the symptoms scales were moderate to high (r = 0.58 to 1.00). Patients with a stoma reported statistically significant lower physical functioning (p=0.015), social/family functioning (p=0.013), and higher constipation (p=0.010) and financial difficulty (p=0.037) compared to patients without stoma. There was no significant difference between patients with high and low KPS scores. Conclusions: Malaysian Chinese version of the QLQ-C30 is a valid and reliable measure of HRQOL in patients with colorectal cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.217-228
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to observe the awareness and needs of original inhabitants on urban to rural migration and propose public projects with a consideration of their stance based on the results. To comprehend their awareness and needs on urban to rural migration through their experience related to it, focus group interview was done and three categories were identified as a result, which are 'relative deprivation', 'limitations and difficulties of urban to rural migration', and 'plans for successful settlement'. First, the original inhabitants were discontent towards the government policies related to urban to rural migration and migrant's behaviors seemed to form negative perception on it. Second, financial difficulty and trouble in stable crop cultivation and acquirement of farming techniques were identified as limitations and difficulties of urban to rural migration. Third, the original inhabitants recognized the need of direct communication between original inhabitants and migrants and activation of meetings for exchange of information to positive relationship between the two groups and migrants should have proper attitude and effort to learn the rural culture for interaction and cooperation. Fourth, there's in need for an institution, which serves as a focal point that provides information and support urban to rural migration. Fifth, successful plans for settlements of migrants thought by the original inhabitants were found. Sixth, there's a need for the original inhabitants to play the role of a mentor to the migrants for their settlement and to promote positive relationship between them.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Clean water is an essential urban infrastructure in human daily life, and water plays a vital role in public health. Due to restrictions on outdoor activities during COVID-19, time staying at home has increased. Therefore, it is plausible to assume that large-scale disaster incidences such as COVID-19 will affect water consumption. In this regard, this research aims to explore the factors that influence household water use during COVID-19. The analysis period of the study is 2020, and the geographical scope covers Seoul and Incheon. A dependent variable was water consumption in the autonomous districts of Seoul and Incheon, and the factors reflecting urban characteristics were used as independent variables. Multiple regression was used for analysis, and the unit of analysis was the autonomous district in Seoul and Incheon. The finding confirmed that the pandemic situation caused an increase in water consumption. In addition, it supports policy for the elderly so that they can use water without financial difficulty. It implies that a stable supply of clean water is essential for managing infectious diseases. The findings of this study are expected to provide some implications for efficient water supply policies and efficient water supply management in the event of the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.397-408
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• 2020

This study conducted a focus group interview with 15 college freshman from J college to find out their experiences in non-face-to-face lectures with COVID-19. The contents of the interview were recorded and conducted, and the meaning was analyzed according to the focus group interview procedure through repeated listening. Components were 'Operation of non-face-to-face lectures in unprepared situations', 'Loss of orientation in lectures and departure from learning', 'One way listening', 'The convenience of taking a lectures'. The experience of 'Operating non-face-to-face lectures in unprepared situations' included the start of mixed non-face-to-face lectures, cumbersome and inconvenient online systems, and the demand for tuition refunds. The experience of 'Loss of orientation in lectures and departure from learning' has experienced difficulty in concentrating on lectures, Deficiency in the degree of recognition of learning content, and burden of assignments and exams. The experience of 'One way listening' has experienced lack of interaction between professors and learners and non reflection of liveliness in the field. Finally, participants experienced satisfaction with being able to lectures and repeat lectures at anytime and anywhere they wanted with the convenience of taking lectures. Based on this study, participants called for improvements in the quality lecture contents and interaction between professors and learners, and it is thought that universities will need administrative and financial support and education design and system construction to construct high-quality lecture contents.