• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2012

Lutein은 식물에서 발견되는 carotenoid 계열에 속하는 물질로 항산화 기능을 가지고 있는 것으로 널리 알려져 있지만, 호흡기 질환과 관련하여 아직까지 lutein의 효능과 작용 기작이 잘 알려져 있지 않다. Ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식(asthma) 생쥐모델에서 lutein은 기도 과민성을 억제하였고, 기관지 폐포 세척액에서 OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 각종 염증성 지표들을 감소시켰다. 또한, OVA의 감작에 의하여 증가한 제2형 협조 T 세포(Th2 cell)의 증가된 반응을 약화시키는 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 lutein이 ovalbumin (OVA)으로 유도한 천식 생쥐 모델에서 제 2형 협조 T세포의 싸이토카인과 유전자 발현을 조절할 수 있는 면역약리학적 기능을 할 수 있는 물질로서의 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2001

The clinical study was carried out the 43 patients with Depression who were treated in Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dae Jeon University from 22 February 2000 to 14 November 2001. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ratio of male and female was 10:33, 60's(32.6%) was frequent, no inducing factor(38.3%) was seen in a lot of cases and many patients came to our hospital by way of west-neuropsychiatry(56.8%). 2. The period of clinical history was frequent from 3 to 10 years(23.2%), the most frequent preceding disease was cardiovascular systemic disease(18.4%). 3. The main clinical symptoms were apprehension alpitation(13.4%), anorexia(9.8%), headache nuchal region stiffness(9.8%), general body weakness(6.5%), chest discomfort(6.5%), dizziness(5.7%), febris(5.3%) and constipation(5.3%). 4. The patient's tongue aspect had pink tongue and empty fur(32.6%) and pulse type had thin and deficient pulse(39.5%). The prescription drugs were Chunggansoyo-san(30.0%), purging liver and alleviating depression to regulate qi, and Guibiondam-tang(15.8%) eliminating phlegm, cooling pericardium and warming gallbladder. 5. The curve was within normal range at Psychoneural system(81.4%), and Visceral system(90.1%). 6. The regulation was Normal(48.1%), RL(27.9%), RR(20.2%) at Psychoneural system and Normal(45.9%), RL(28.5%), RR(20.3%) at Visceral system. 7. Activity and Reactivity had much lower response at 1th, 2th, 3th, 4th, 7th SANGHAN, Polalization had much higher response at 1th, 4th, SANGHAN and much lower response at 2th, 3th, 7th SANGHAN.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1986

Clinical analysis on early evidence of the pulp response to composite resin filling (27 cases) was made and reached to the results as follow; 1. Under age 40's early symptome was reported within the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after composite filling evenly and age 50's reported after 4th week. 2. Sensitive response to cold were 11 cases, to warm 3 cases and to both (cold, warm) were 9 cases. 3. Tenderness to percussion and light pressure on apical area were 5 cases.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the performance of baseline clinical characteristics and pretherapeutic histogram parameters derived from T2 mapping of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) in the prediction of treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoid (IVGC) therapy for active and moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and to investigate the effect of fat-suppression (FS) in T2 mapping in this prediction. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients clinically diagnosed with active, moderate-to-severe TAO (47 female, 32 male; mean age ± standard deviation, 46.1 ± 10 years), including 43 patients with a total of 86 orbits in the responsive group and 36 patients with a total of 72 orbits in the unresponsive group, were enrolled. Baseline clinical characteristics and pretherapeutic histogram parameters derived from T2 mapping with FS (i.e., FS T2 mapping) or without FS (i.e., conventional T2 mapping) of EOMs were compared between the two groups. Independent predictors of treatment response to IVGC were identified using multivariable analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive performance of the prediction models. Differences between the models were examined using the DeLong test. Results: Compared to the unresponsive group, the responsive group had a shorter disease duration, lower kurtosis (FS-kurtosis), lower standard deviation, larger 75th, 90th, and 95th (FS-95th) T2 relaxation times in FS mapping and lower kurtosis in conventional T2 mapping. Multivariable analysis revealed that disease duration, FS-95th percentile, and FS-kurtosis were independent predictors of treatment response. The combined model, integrating all identified predictors, had an optimized area under the ROC curve of 0.797, 88.4% sensitivity, and 62.5% specificity, which were significantly superior to those of the imaging model (p = 0.013). Conclusion: An integrated combination of disease duration, FS-95th percentile, and FS-kurtosis was a potential predictor of treatment response to IVGC in patients with active and moderate-to-severe TAO. FS T2 mapping was superior to conventional T2 mapping in terms of prediction.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2015

Our agriculture and rural villages have faced negative conditions in many reasons. To overcome this situation, a new change is needed by the 6th industrialization. Many agriculture and rural villages in Korea are pursuing the 6th industrialization through the convergence of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries to vitalize agriculture and rural villages. But there are several problems with the 6th industrialization. There is a limit to the capacity building of the members of the rural organization and Korean agricultural base primary, secondary, and tertiary industries are weak all. In addition, it has been insufficient research for value chain management of the region as a whole; there has been no study of information sharing across the region for the 6th industrialization. This study is about value chain management model for successful the 6th industry with Quick Response System and the big data technology. In this study to provide the efficiency of 6th industry value chain management with customer's needs analysis using big data and research for the information share between the industries in the region through the information pipeline theory of the QR System. We hope that our study is helped to proceed successfully on the 6th industrialization in Korea.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.252-264
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to compare the response of adjacent tissue and new bone formation after implantation by different methods of subperiosteal using using Proplast I and II in rabbit mandible. Microstructure of Proplast I and II was observed by scanning electron microscope. And the implantation procedure was carried out by dividing into tow groups, A and B. a group consisted of subperiosteal graft on the cortex, and the other B group was made up onlay graft following artificial decortication in the madibular body of rabbit. The experimental animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week after grafting for macroscopic and histopathologic examination. The samples extracted at the 6th postgrafting week were also used for biometric test. The result ere as follows : 1. By scanning electron microscopic observation, pore size was $50{\sim}180{\mu}m$ in the Proplast I and $100{\sim}220{\mu}m$ in Proplast II. 2. Macroscopically, infection of the graft site, deformation and displacement of the implanted materials were not observed in all experimental groups. 3. In the tissue response, infiltration of inflammatory cells and multinucleated giant cells were observed from the 2nd to the 8th week in Proplast I. Inflammatory cells decreased in number from the 2nd week in Proplast II suggesting that Proplast II is better than Proplast I. 4. Bone formation was not observed until the 8th week in the group A, but new bone formation from the surrounding graft bed and the periostium was appeared from the 4th week in the group B. 5. The maximum mean values of shear stress mere serially $65.5gf/mm^2$ in Proplast II of group B, $32.9gf/mm^2$ in Proplast I of group B, $17.0gf/mm^2$ in Proplast II of group A, and $15.7gf/mm^2$ in Proplast I. of group A.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2011

Objectives : Ulmus davidiana (UD) has been widely used in Korean herbal medicines used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rhinitis, asthma, and abscess. In this study, To investigated the protective effect of UD on type 1 allergic response, we determined whether UD inhibits early and late allergic response. Methods : The effect of UD was analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR in RBL-2H3 cells. Levels of ${\beta}$ -hexosaminidase, interleukin (IL)-4 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). mRNA levels of COX-2 and T-helper type 2(Th2) cytokines were analyzed with RT-PCR. Results : We found that UD suppressed ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 not only by the PMA plus A23187 stimulation, but also by the IgE-DNP-HSA stimulation at the antigen-antibody binding stage and antibody-receptor binding stage. UD also significantly inhibited COX2 level, along with reduced Th2 cytokine levels, such as IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, GM-CSF, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3. Conclusions : Our results indicate that UD protects against type 1 allergic response and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of degranulation and expression of COX2 and Th2 cytokines.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the antibody responses in mice immunized with Gnathostoma spinigerum crude antigen (GsAg) incorporated with the combined adjuvant, a synthetic oligonucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motif (CpG ODN 1826) and a stable water in oil emulsion (Montanide ISA720). Mice immunized with GsAg and combined adjuvant produced all antibody classes and subclasses to GsAg except IgA. IgG2a/2b/3 but not IgG1 subclasses were enhanced by immunization with CpG ODN 1826 when compared with the control groups immunized with non-CpG ODN and Montanide ISA or only with Montanide ISA, suggesting a biased induction of a Th1-type response by CpG ODN. After challenge infection with live G. spinigerum larvae, the levels of IgG2a/2b/3 antibody subclasses decreased immediately and continuously, while the IgG1 subclass remained at high levels. This also corresponded to a continuous decrease of the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio after infection. Only IgM and IgG1 antibodies, but not IgG2a/2b/3, were significantly produced in adjuvant control groups after infection. These findings suggest that G. spinigerum infection potently induces a Th2-type biased response.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-36
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• 1982

본 연구는 누에의 인공사료를 개선함에 있어서 사료자원을 저렴한 가격으로 손쉽게 취득할 수 있는 방법을 연구하기 위하여 49종의 식물과 5종의 Cellulose원에 대하여 사료자원으로서의 적부를 검정하고 한편으로는 82종의 보존잠품종에 대한 계통별 섭식상황을 조사하고 또한 사육조건에 따른 섭식성의 차이와 잠체내의 효소활성과의 관계에 관하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시할 49종의 식물중에서 대조구(기본인공사료)보다 모진율, 2령기잠률 및 기잠체중이 더 높은 것은 동부, 오리나무, 결명차, 고구마, 토끼풀, 벚나무, 콩등이었다. 2. 모진율과 2령기잠률이 우수한 동부, 고구마. 방동산이, 오리나무 결명차, 망초구를 선발하여 전령사육을 행한 결과 대조구에 비하여 최성잠체중과 견중이 무겁고 화통비율도 더 높았으므로 이들 식물은 인공사료자원으로 이용할만한 충분한 가치가 인정되었다. 3. 인공사료조성에 첨가할 Celluloso원은 뽕나무 Cellulose가 잠체중과 견층비율이 높고 감잠비율은 낮으며 과과일수가 짧아서 가장 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. Cellulose조제방법은 NaOH처리법이 가장 간편하고 가공비도 절약되었다. 4. 우리나라 보존잠품종 82종의 인공사료에 대한 섭식성은 잠품종에 따라 차이가 있고 계통간에도 차이가 인정되었는데 대체로 일본종계가 양호한 편이고 중국종계, 구주종계의 순이다. 5. 사료조건이 상이한 경우 즉 인공사료육에서 상엽육으로 또는 상엽육에서 인공사료육으로 전환하는 시기는 다같이 4령초기가 적당한 것으로 생각되며 3령기도 무방할 것 같다. 6. 인공사료육에 적당한 온도범위는 1~3령기는 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4~5령기는 28$^{\circ}C$로 밝혀졌으며 전령 27$^{\circ}C$도 거의 비슷한 사육결과를 보여 주었다. 7. 잠품사별, 사육온도별 그리고 사료원별로 Esterase 및 Phosphatase의 Agarose gel 전기영동상을 비교해 보면 1) 상엽육과 인공사료육잠아의 중장 Esterase영동상은 잠령기별로 서로 다르고 상엽육잠아에는 인공사료육잠아에 비하여 1~2개의 활성대가 더 많이 나타나고 있다. 2) 인공사료에 대한 섭식성이 양호한 중 15는 섭식성이 불량한 중 60희에 비하여 중장 Esterase활성대가 1~2개 더 많은 경향이 있었다. 3) 사육온도별로 3~4령잠의 중장 Esterase영동상을 비교하면 28$^{\circ}C$구는 3,4령 모두 5개활성대가 인정되었으며 35$^{\circ}C$구에서는 3령기에 4개활성대, 4령기에 6~7개의 활성대가 나타났다. 4) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Esterase영동상은 각기 상이하다. 즉 중장에는 5개활성대. 혈액에는 1개활성대, 견사선에는 3개활성대가 인정되며 발육 계제에 따라 활성대수에 변화가 있었다. 5) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Acid Phosphatase영동상을 보면 중장에는 3령잠에 1개, 4령잠에 2개, 5령잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었으며 혈액에는 3,4령잠에 각1개, 5령잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었다. 중잠과 혈액의 Acid phosphatase형은 잠품종간이나 사육온도간에 약간의 차이가 있기는 하지만 뚜렷하지는 않았다. 견사선에는 활성대가 나타나지 않았다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.910-916
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• 2002

Endotoxin tolerance reduces the capacity of monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines, results in cellular immune paralysis, and down-regulates the production of helper T (Th)1 type cytokines with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$ in the immune system also results in macrophage inactivation and the suppression of Th1 activation and the enhancement of Th2 activation. However, the inhibitory effects of PGE$_2$ on the altered polarization of the Th cell and macrophage interleukin (IL)-6 production characterized in part by cellular immune paralysis in a state of endotoxin tolerance is unclear. This study was undertaken, using indomethacin, to investigate the role of endogenous PGE$_2$ on the Th cytokines and macrophage IL-6 production in a state of endotoxin tolerance compared to those with endotoxemia mice, wherein, in this latter case, the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE$_2$ is exhibited. Endotoxemia was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg in saline) i.p. once in BALB/c mice, and endotoxin tolerance was induced by pretreatment with LPS (1 mg/kg in saline) injected i.p. daily for two consecutive days and then with LPS 10 mg/kg on day 4. Splenocytes or macrophages were obtained from endotoxemia and endotoxin tolerance models pretreated with indomethacin, and then cytokine production was induced by Con A-stimulated splenocytes for the Th cytokine assays and LPS-stimulated macrophages for the IL-6 assay. Our results showed that endotoxemia led to significantly reduced IL-2 and IL-4 production, to significantly increased IL-6 production, whereas interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ production was not affected. Indomethacin in the case of endotoxemia markedly attenuated $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-6 production and didnt reverse IL-2 and IL-4 production. Endotoxin tolerance resulted in the significantly reduced production of IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the significantly increased production of IL-4 and IL-6. Indomethacin in endotoxin tolerance greatly augmented IL-2 production, significantly decreased IL-4 production, and slightly attenuated IL-6 production. These findings indicate that endogenous PGE$_2$ may mediate the suppressed Th1 type immune response, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response in a state of endotoxin tolerance, whereas endotoxemia may be regulated differentially. Also, endogenous PGE$_2$ may mediate macrophage IL-6 production in the case of endotoxemia to a greater extent than in the case of endotoxin tolerance.