• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds on the growth of normal cell lines and human oral epithelioid cell line, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-[MTT), and 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium -5-caboxanilide-[XTT) methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid($IC_{50}$, $2,552.40\;{\mu}M$) was low according to the toxic criteria. Cytotoxic effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and related compounds against $IC_{50}$ value in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In light microscopy, $100\;{\mu}M$ 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid showed th highest cytotoxic activity. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may have a potential anticancer activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

This aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activities of crude polysaccharides from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and splenocytes. The immunomodulatory activity was determined by cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell surface marker expression (CD 80/86 and MHC class I/II), and cytokine production in BMDC, and cell viability, and cytokine production in splenocytes. Cell proliferation and cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor; TNF-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-12) tested in BMDC were significantly increased by PCP treatment. Additionally, the cell surface markers (CD 80/86, MHC class I/II) were highly increased by PCP treatment. For cytokine production in splenocytes, PCP treatment significantly increased the production of Th 1 cytokines [IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$], but not Th 2 cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, PCP can induce immune cell activation and is a potential candidate for the development of nutraceuticals to boost the immune system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1971

We observed 88 csses of primary lung cancer clinically and statistically, which had been experienced at the dept. of thoracic surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, during the period of 7 years from January, 1964 to December, 1970. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Peak incidence of age was from 5th decade to 7th decade (86.4%), the youngest being 25 and the oldest 76. The ratio of male to female was 4.9: 1. 2) Squamous cell carcinomas showed high resectability (68.7%) and short clinical duration (188 days). Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma showed low resectability (33.3%, 36.4%) in spite of the more shorter clinical duration(120 days, 112 days, respectively) than squamaus cell carcinoma. 3) Positivity (above class III) in brochocopic cytology was 70.3%, and 44.8% in fresh sputum cytology. 4) Other combined pulmonary diseases (emphysema. chronic bronchitis) were noted in about one half of bronchographied 66 cases and which were considered as factors to contribute ventilatory function of lung. 5) Among 88 cases, twelve cases refused operation and 34 cases(44.7%) were operated. Seventeen cases(22.3%) out of the 34 thoracotomies were resected, 7 with lobectomy and 10 with pneumonectomy and remaining 17 cases were unresectable. 6) Histopathological findiugs of resected 17 cases were squamous cell carcinomas (11 cases), adenocarcinoll1a(1 case), undifferentiated carcinumas (4 cases) and undetermined carcinoma(l case). 7) There's no opelative mortality. Among resected 17 cases, [; cases are still alive(4 years, 3 years & 2 mo, 2 yearo, 13 mo., respectively), 7 case were expired (3 of these from remote metastasis), and remaining 5 cases were unable to follow up.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1636-1640
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• 2013

We had found that orally administered Lactobacillus species were effective immune modulators in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. To validate these findings, we investigated the effects of orally administered Lactobacillus brevis HY7401 in OVA-T cell receptor transgenic mice. This strain showed a tendency to induce Th1 cytokines and inhibit Th2 cytokines. All assayed isotypes of OVA-specific antibody were effectively reduced. Systemic anaphylaxis was also relatively reduced with the probiotic administration. These results reveal that L. brevis HY7401 might be useful to promote anti-allergic processes through oral administration.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06b
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• pp.40-43
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• 2000

The electrons and holes trapped in the tunneling oxide and interface-states generated in the Si/SiO$_2$ interface during program/erase (P/E) operations are known to cause reliability problems which can deteriorate the cell performance and cause the V$_{th}$ window close. This deterioration is caused by the accumulation of electrons and holes trapped in the oxide near the drain and source side after each P/E cycle. we propose three new erase schemes to improve the cell's endurance characteristics: (1)adding a Reverse soft program cycle after the source erase operation, (2)adding a detrapping cycle after the source erase operation, (3)adding a convergence cycle after the source erase operation. (3) is the most effective performance among the three erase schemes have been implemented and shown to significantly reduce the V$_{th}$ window close problem. And we are able to design the reliable periperal circuit of flash memory by using the (3).(3).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.262-269
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• 2005

Kamiinsamyangyoung-tang(KIT) has been widely used to treat amenorrhea and bradymenorrea caused from vital energy and blood deficit. KIT was composed of Insamyangyoung-tang, Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum and Hominis Placenta. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of KIT on Immune response and Blood formation. We investigated thymocytes, splenocytes population, ${\gamma}$-interferon, IL-2, IL-4, NO and phagocytic activity. We found that KIT had no effect on the Th and Tc cell population of thymocytes, Th cell population of splenocytes and ${\gamma}$-interferon quantity was decreased. KIT decreased the formation of Nitric Oxide from abdominal macrophage, on the other hand, it had no influence on the quantity of IL-2, IL-4.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.817-826
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• 2018

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central humoral immune organ unique to birds. Four bursal peptides (BP-I, BP-II, BP-III, and BP-IV) have been isolated and identified from the BF. In this study, the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV were examined in mice immunized with H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine. The results suggested that BP-I effectively enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, increased the secretion of Th1 (interferon gamma)- and Th2 (interleukin-4)-type cytokines, and induced an improved cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to the H9N2 virus. BP-II mainly elevated specific antibody production, especially neutralizing antibodies, and increased Th1- and Th2-type cytokine secretion. BP-III had no significant effect on antibody production or cell-mediated immune responses compared to those in the control group. A strong immune response at both the humoral and cellular levels was induced by BP-IV. Furthermore, a virus challenge experiment followed by H&E staining revealed that BP-I and BP-II promoted removal of the virus and conferred protection in mouse lungs. BP-IV significantly reduced viral titers and histopathological changes and contributed to protection against H9N2 AIV challenge in mouse lungs. This study further elucidated the immunoadjuvant activities of BPs I to IV, providing a novel insight into immunoadjuvants for use in vaccine design.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 1998

In order to investigate the antitumor effect by Chungsangbohahwan after B-16 cells were transplanted in C57BL/6 mice, and the immune responses in mice induced by methotrexate, the extract of Chungsangbohahwan was orally administered to the mice for 21 days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of metastasis, cell cytotoxicity in vitro, natural killer cell activity, productivity of interleukin-2. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Inhibition of metastasis in Chungsangbohahwan-treated group was higher than control group with significance on 7th day and 14th day. 2. On the MTT assay, cell viability was significantly inhibited by $5{\mu}g/well$, $2.5{\mu}g/well$, $1.25{\mu}g/well$, and $0.625{\mu}g/well$ of Chungsangbohahwan concentration inhibited cell viability significantly(P<0.05). $IC_{50}$ for cell viability was $2.17{\mu}g/well$. 3. Natural killer cell activity in Chungsangbohahwan-treated group was significantly increased on 100:1, 50:1 E/T(effect cell/target cell) ratio(P<0.05). 4. Production of interleukin-2 in Chungsangbohahwan-treated group was significantly increased(P<0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis accompanies with severe pruritus and collapse of skin barrier, inflammation. Maifanite could be used as an ointment for skin disease. However, there have been few studies about maifanite uses for atopic dermatitis. We report the anti-inflammatory and promoting skin recovery effects of ionized maifanite on damaged skin barrier with experimentally elicited atopic dermatitis. Methods : Nc/Nga mice were divided into 3 groups: control group(CON), atopic dermatitis elicited group(AE group), ionized maifanite treated group after atopic dermatitis elicitation(MT group). After 5% SDS was applied D. pteronyssinus crude extract also applied for 3 weeks to elicit atopic dermatitis-like skin disease. MT group was treated for 3 weeks with ionized maifanite. Ionized maifanite was applied once a day and voluntarily administrated. AE group and control group were treated with normal saline in the same way. Results : In MT group, skin lesions like eczema were more improved than AE group. p-ERK1/2 positive reaction was reduced in MT group. MMP-9 and substance P positive reaction at dermal papillae was also reduced in MT group. With skin angiogram, capillary vessel decreased in MT group. Also, IL-4 positive reaction cell and STAT-6 positive reaction cell reduced more in MT group than in AE group. $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 positive reaction cell and iNOS positive reaction cell also declined more in MT group than in AE group. Conclusions : It is supposed that ionized maifanite has anti-inflammatory effects on NC/Nga mice's atopic dermatitis with suppressing IL-4 production and Th2 cell differentiation, and controlling $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 2014

Objectives Forsythiae Fructus treatment has been used for inflammatory and allergic diseases in Korean Medicine. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action and the cellular targets are not understood well. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases are associated with Th2 cytokines such as IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$, IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, which are secreted by the mast cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythiae Fructus extracts (FF) on Th2 cytokines expression and signal transduction in MC/9 mast cells. Methods In the study, MC/9 mast cells were stimulated with DNP-IgE for 24 hours and then treated separately with CsA $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and varying doses of FF for one hour. MC/9 mast cells stimulated with DNP-IgE was the control group, a treatment with CsA was the positive control group and a treatment with varying doses FF was the experimental groups. The mRNA levels of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. The levels of IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results 1. FF were observed to suppress the mRNA expression of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 2. FF also has inhibited the IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production significantly in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 3. Western blot analysis of transduction factors involving Th2 cytokines expression has revealed a prominent decrease of the mast cell specific transduction factors including NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but c-Fos. Conclusions In conclusion, the anti-allergenic activities of FF may be strongly related to the regulation of transcription factors NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines in mast cells.