• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2012

Creep characteristic is an important failure mechanism when evaluating engineering materials that are soft material as polymers or used as mechanical elements at high temperatures. One of the popular thermo-plastic polymers, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) which is used broadly for machine elements material, as it has excellent mechanical properties such as impact resistance, toughness and stiffness compared to other polymers, was studied for creep characteristic at different levels of stress and temperatures. From the experimental results, the creep limit of ABS at room temperature is 80 % of tensile strength which is higher than PE and lower than PC or PMMA. Also the creep limits decreased to linearly as the temperatures increased, up to $80^{\circ}C$ which is the softening temperature of Butadiene ($82^{\circ}C$). Also the secondary stage of creep among the three creep stages for different levels of stress and temperature was non-existent which occurred for many metals by strain hardening effect.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2005년도 창립60주년 기념 추계 학술대회
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• pp.117.2-117.2
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• 2005

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 세 종류의 ETFE 막재에 대한 단축인장실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험에서 얻은 변형도-변위 곡선을 분석함으로써 항복응력, 두 번째 항복응력, 탄성계수, 두 번째 탄성계수, 그리고 세 번째 탄성계수를 얻게 되었다. 아울러, 탄성 단계와 항복 단계, 소성유동 단계에서 각각 ETFE 막재의 사이클 하중시험을 진행하여, 잔여변형률, 응력 이완, 하중 변화(재하/제하) 중 ETFE 막재의 탄성 변화 등을 알아본다. 재료의 크리프시험에서는 25, 40, 60$^{\circ}C$의 시험온도와 3, 6, 9MPa의 인장 응력 하에서 크리프시험의 시간은 24시간으로 설정하였다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of Pd on the microstructure, tensile and creep properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn (AT42) alloy at a high temperature for transportation-related industrial applications. AT42-xPd (x = 0, 1 and 2 wt. %) alloys were prepared using a permanent mould casting method. The microstructures of the as-cast alloys were characterized by the presence of the intermetallic phases $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$, $Mg_2Sn$ and $Al_4Pd$. The addition of Pd was found to improve the tensile properties of AT42 at room and at elevated temperatures, and to increase the creep resistance at elevated temperatures. A small amount of Pd could markedly improve the tensile properties of AT42 by means of grain-refinement and the dispersion of secondary phase strengthening. Moreover, the thermally stable phase $Al_4Pd$ effectively improves the creep resistance of AT42 due to the strengthened grain boundaries and the suppressed formation of $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.693-696
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of the testing temperature on the mechanical properties of the carbon tool steel (SK4M) for flat spring. Hardness test and fatigue test were performed at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$). Tensile test and creep test were performed at temperature range $20^{\circ}C$ ~$160^{\circ}C$. The micro-vickers hardness values of SK4M was Hv=584. The Elastic modulus, tensile strength and yield strength of SK4M at 160t test temperature were decreased 0.92 time, 0.97 time and 0.82 time those of SK4M at 2$0^{\circ}C$ test temperature, respectively. The maximum creep strain for 100hr at creep temperature ($80^{\circ}C$ ~$160^{\circ}C$) and creep stress ($37.4Kgf/\textrm{mm}^2$ ~$93.6Kgf/\textrm{mm}^2$) was 0.572%. The fatigue limit of SK4M was $94Kgf/\textrm{mm}^2$.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

2가지 형태의 지오그리드의 장기안정성을 평가하였다. 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드는 지수함수 형 인장특성을 나타내었으며 섬유형 지오그리드는 파단점에 근접할수록 빠른 인장특성의 증가를 나타내었다. 단기 가속 크리프 시험은 섬유형 지오그리드에는 실시되었지만 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드의 경우 열적특성 때문에 실온에서만 실시 하였다. 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드의 크리프 변형률은 인장시험에 의한 극한 인장변형률보다 크게 나타났다. 섬유형 지오그리드의 크리프 변형에 의한 감소인자는 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드보다 작게 나타났다. 이 결과로부터 섬유형 지오그리드가 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드보다 크리프 변형에 안정성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2016

Tensile tests and creep tests were carried out at high temperatures on an Al-$Al_4C_3$ alloy prepared by mechanical alloying technique. The material contains about 2.0% carbon and 0.9% oxygen in mass percent, and the volume fractions of $Al_4C_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ particles are estimated at 7.4 and 1.4%, respectively, from the chemical composition. Minimum creep rate decreased steeply near two critical stresses, ${\sigma}_{cl}$ (the lower critical stress) and ${\sigma}_{cu}$ (the upper critical stress), with decreasing applied stress at temperatures below 723 K. Instantaneous plastic strain was observed in creep tests above a critical stress, ${\sigma}_{ci}$, at each test temperature. ${\sigma}_{cu}$ and ${\sigma}_{ci}$ were fairly close to the 0.2% proof stress obtained by tensile tests at each test temperature. It is thought that ${\sigma}_{cl}$ and ${\sigma}_{cu}$ correspond to the microscopic yield stress and the macroscopic yield stress, respectively. The lower critical stress corresponds to the local yield stress needed for dislocations to move in the soft region within subgrains. The creep strain in the low stress range below 723 K arises mainly from the local deformation of the soft region. The upper critical stress is equivalent to the macroscopic yield stress necessary for dislocations within subgrains or in subboundaries; this stress can extensively move beyond subboundaries under a stress above the critical point to yield a macroscopic deformation. At higher temperatures above 773 K, the influence of the diffusional creep increases and the stress exponent of the creep rate decreases.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.561-568
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• 2005

The factors affecting the long-term design strength of geogrid can be classified into factors on creep deformation, installation damage, temperature, chemical degradation and biological degradation. Especially, creep deformation and installation damage are considered as main factors to determine the long-term design strength of geogrid. Current practice in the design of reinforced soil is to calculate the long-term design strength of a reinforcement damaged during installation by multiplying the two partial safety factors, $RF_{ID} and RF_{CR}$. This method assumes that there is no synergy effect between installation damage and creep deformation of geogrids. Therefore, this paper describes the results of a series of experimental study, which are carried out to assess the combined effect of installation damage and creep deformation for the long-term design strength of geogrid reinforcement. The results of this study show that the tensile strength reduction factors, RF, considering combined effect between installation damage and creep deformation is less than that calculated by the current design method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.875-888
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• 2016

The proper selection of materials for the intended use of the structural member is of particular interest. The paper deals with determining both the mechanical properties at different temperatures and the behavior in tensile creep as well as fatigue testing of tensile stressed specimens made of low alloy 42CrMo4 steel delivered as annealed and cold drawn. This steel is usually used in engineering practice in design of statically and dynamically stressed components. Displayed engineering stress - strain diagrams indicate the mechanical properties, creep curves indicate the material creep behavior while experimental investigations of fatigue may ensure the fatigue limit determination for considered stress ratio. Also, hardness testing provides an insight into material resistance to plastic deformation. Experimentally obtained results regarding material properties were: tensile strength (735 MPa / $20^{\circ}C$, 105 MPa / $680^{\circ}C$), yield strength (593 MPa / $20^{\circ}C$, 76 MPa / $680^{\circ}C$). Fatigue limit in the amount of 532.26 MPa, as maximum stress at stress ratio R = 0.25 at ambient temperature was calculated on the basis of experimentally obtained results. Regarding the creep resistance it is visible that this steel can be treated as creep resistant at high temperatures (including $580^{\circ}C$) when applied stress is of low level (till 0.2 of yield stress).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1219-1226
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• 1995

Creep behaviors of Cr3C2 composites containing 90 wt% Cr3C2 and 10 wt% Ni were studied at high temperature. Compression tests at 100$0^{\circ}C$ and bending tests at 100$0^{\circ}C$ and 105$0^{\circ}C$ were done in argon environment. In all test conditions primary and steady-state creep behaviors were observed. Stress exponent and activatiion energy were determined from the experimental data. By microstructural analysis of Cr3C2 composites after creep test, the separate agglomerations of Ni phase were observed. Numerical analysis was also studied to analyze bending creep behaviors of Cr3C2 by assumming different tensile and compressive creep behavior in a bending sample. From the analysis, it was found that the stress state at the compressive region as applied stress increased. The observed creep rates were compared with the predicted creep rates by estimating power-law creep parameters from bending test data.